The Evaluation of the Vector System in Removal of Carious Tissue

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Vector system in comparison to the conventional technique in cavity preparation. Four extracted primary teeth with no restorations and similar fissure carious lesions and four permanent teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. Class I preparations were made provided that the caries depth remained within the dentin limits. Two teeth were treated with an aerator, the other two had carious tissue removed with the Vector system. Prepared cavities were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy for the surface roughness of the dentine and enamel and for the carious tissue removal efficiency. This pilot study determined that it is possible to remove carious tissue and perform cavity preparation with the Vector system. According to this preliminary evaluation of surface quality, a cavity prepared with the Vector treatment system, allows for a slicker floor, and a more regular enamel-dentine line than that prepared with an aerator. However, the Vector system requires a longer treatment time which we believe may be a negative point, especially for young patients

Electron-Electron Interactions in Sb-Doped SnO2 Thin Films

WOS: 000279504900005Electrical conductivity and Hall-effect measurements on undoped and Sb-doped SnO2 thin films prepared by the sol-gel technique were carried out as a function of temperature (55 K to 300 K). Structural characterizations of the films were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). A doping-induced metal-insulator transition (MIT) was observed. On the metallic side of the transition, the experimental data were interpreted in terms of electron-electron interactions (EEI). The existence of EEI was confirmed by excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental data. The experimental data on the insulator side of the transition were analyzed in terms of variable-range hopping (VRH) conduction. A complete set of parameters describing the properties of the localized electrons, including hopping energy, hopping distance, and the value of the density of states at the Fermi level, was determined.State of Planning Organization of TurkeyTurkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanligi [2001K120590]; Ankara University BAPAnkara University [2007-07-45-054]This work is supported by the State of Planning Organization of Turkey under Grant No. 2001K120590 and the Ankara University BAP under Project Number 2007-07-45-054. We would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Yusuf Kagan Kadioglu and Ms. Murat Yavuz for providing XRD and AFM measurements

Detection of Streptococcus mutans Genomic DNA in Human DNA Samples Extracted from Saliva and Blood

Caries is a multifactorial disease, and studies aiming to unravel the factors modulating its etiology must consider all known predisposing factors. One major factor is bacterial colonization, and Streptococcus mutans is the main microorganism associated with the initiation of the disease. In our studies, we have access to DNA samples extracted from human saliva and blood. In this report, we tested a real-time PCR assay developed to detect copies of genomic DNA from Streptococcus mutans in 1,424 DNA samples from humans. Our results suggest that we can determine the presence of genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans in both DNA samples from caries-free and caries-affected individuals. However, we were not able to detect the presence of genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans in any DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood, which suggests the assay may not be sensitive enough for this goal. Values of the threshold cycle of the real-time PCR reaction correlate with higher levels of caries experience in children, but this correlation could not be detected for adults

Enamel Formation Genes Influence Enamel Microhardness Before and After Cariogenic Challenge

There is evidence for a genetic component in caries susceptibility, and studies in humans have suggested that variation in enamel formation genes may contribute to caries. For the present study, we used DNA samples collected from 1,831 individuals from various population data sets. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, and tuftelin interacting protein 11) that influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with distinct caries experience. Associations with caries experience can be detected but they are not necessarily replicated in all population groups and the most expressive results was for a marker in AMELX (p = 0.0007). To help interpret these results, we evaluated if enamel microhardness changes under simulated cariogenic challenges are associated with genetic variations in these same genes. After creating an artificial caries lesion, associations could be seen between genetic variation in TUFT1 (p = 0.006) and TUIP11 (p = 0.0006) with enamel microhardness. Our results suggest that the influence of genetic variation of enamel formation genes may influence the dynamic interactions between the enamel surface and the oral cavity. © 2012 Shimizu et al

Detection of Streptococcus mutans Genomic DNA in Human DNA Samples Extracted from Saliva and Blood

Caries is a multifactorial disease, and studies aiming to unravel the factors modulating its etiology must consider all known predisposing factors. One major factor is bacterial colonization, and Streptococcus mutans is the main microorganism associated with the initiation of the disease. In our studies, we have access to DNA samples extracted from human saliva and blood. In this report, we tested a real-time PCR assay developed to detect copies of genomic DNA from Streptococcus mutans in 1,424 DNA samples from humans. Our results suggest that we can determine the presence of genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans in both DNA samples from caries-free and caries-affected individuals. However, we were not able to detect the presence of genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans in any DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood, which suggests the assay may not be sensitive enough for this goal. Values of the threshold cycle of the real-time PCR reaction correlate with higher levels of caries experience in children, but this correlation could not be detected for adults

SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN STRES KAYNAKLARI VE BAŞ ETME YOLLARI (KİLİS İLİ ÖRNEĞİ)

Stres, memnuniyet verici olup olmadığına bakmaksızın, her türlü isteme bedenin uyum sağlamak için gösterdiği yaygın tepkidir. Günümüzde öğretmenlik mesleği en stresli meslekler arasında yer almaktadır. Öğretmenlik mesleğinin stresli oluşu öğretmenleri, okulu, öğretmen performansını ve öğretmenlerin çevresini olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Stresin olumsuz etkilerinin engellenmesi ve stresle baş etme yollarının belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu nedenle araştırmanın genel amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin örgütsel stres kaynaklarını belirlemek ve stresle baş etme yollarını ortaya koymak olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada tarama modeli ve ölçme aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen beşli Likert tipi üç bölümden oluşan bir anket kullanılmıştır. İlk bölümde kişisel bilgilere yönelik sorular, ikinci bölümde stres kaynaklarını belirlemeye yönelik sorular ve üçüncü bölümde stresle baş etme yollarına ilişkin sorular yer almıştır. Anket, 2007-2008 öğretim yılında Kilis merkezinde örneklem olarak alınan 20 okuldaki 200 sınıf öğretmenine uygulanmıştır. Alt problemler yüzde, frekans, ortalama, varyans analizi, t-testi ve mann whitney U-testi kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlardan bazıları şunlardır; Öğretmenlerde en yüksek düzeyde stres yaratan durum velilerin ilgisizliğidir. Stres kaynaklarının alt boyutlarından kaynaklanan stres düzeyleri arasında cinsiyet, mezuniyet durumu ve mezuniyet alanına göre anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. Okul imkânları ve denetim ile öğrencilerden kaynaklanan stres düzeyinin mesleki kıdeme göre anlamlı biçimde değiştiği görülmüştür. Medeni duruma göre öğretmenlik mesleğinden kaynaklanan stres düzeyi anlamlı biçimde değişmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin en sık kullandıkları baş etme yolları, sevdikleriyle vakit geçirme, olumlu diyaloglarda bulunma ve stresiyle baş etmek için ortam yaratmadır. Cinsiyete göre sevdikleriyle vakit geçirme, ibadet etme, zamanı planlama ve stres yaratan durumu güvendiği kişilerle paylaşma yolunu kullanma sıklıkları anlamlı biçimde fark göstermiştir. Mesleki kıdeme göre spor yapma yolunu kullanma sıklığının anlamlı biçimde değiştiği görülmüştür. Medeni duruma göre sevdikleriyle vakit geçirme yolunu kullanma sıklıklarında anlamlı fark görülmüştür.Stress is the common reaction of the body to adopt itself to any new condition, no matter if it is desirable or not. Today, teaching is accepted as one of the most stressful professions. The stressful nature of teaching has negative effects on school, teachers' performance and teachers' environment. Eliminating deteriorating effects of and identifying effective ways of coping with stress is very important. Therefore, the general aim of aim of this study is to identify organizational stress sources of primary school teachers and explain the strategies they adopt to cope with stress. In the study, the Crosshatching Model and a likert-type questionnaire which was consisted of three chapters and developed by the researcher were used. In the first chapter, there are questions about personal information of teachers . The second chapter includes questions that were intended to measure stress sources of teachers and the third chapter is related to identifying teachers' strategies to cope with stress . The questionnaire was applied to 200 teachers who work in 20 schools in downtown Kilis during 2007-2008 teaching year. Percent, frequency, average, analysis of variance, t-test and Mann Whitney U-test have been used to analyze the collected data. Disinterest of parents of students inserts the highest level of stress on teachers. Among the stress levels caused by sub-dimensions of stress resources, no significant difference was observed between gender, level of education and field of graduation. It was identified that the stress level that was caused by school facilities, inspection and students significantly changed according to professional experience. Stress level that was caused by the teaching profession was observed to have significantly changed according to marital status. Spending time with beloveds, taking part in positive dialogues, creating a positive atmosphere to reduce stress are among teachers' strategies to cope with stress. Significant difference was observed between the frequency of passing time with the beloved, praying, planning the time, and telling dependable people about the condition that produces stress according to gender Taking part in fitness activities to overcome stress was found to have significantly changed according professional experience. Passing time with the beloved significantly changed according to marital status

DNA fingerprinting and genetic characterization of Anatolian Triticum spp. using AFLP markers

In this study, genetic analysis of Triticum spp. was carried out using AFLP markers. Six AFLP selective combinations were scored as presence and absence of bands for all the individual samples obtained from a single seed of each accession (70 accessions); T. baeoticum (21), T. monococcum (5), T. urartu (16), T. araraticum (7), T. dicoccoides (16) and T. dicoccon (5), resulting in 506 polymorphic AFLP bands. The phylogenetic tree showed two major clusters; one was composed of T. monococcum (AA) and T. baeoticum (AA), and the other cluster included T. araraticum (AAGG), T. dicoccon (AABB), T. dicoccoides (AABB), and T. urartu (AA). T. urartu, although having a diploid AA genome, did not cluster with other A genome diploids such as T. monococcum and T. baeoticum; instead it clustered together with the tetraploid species, confirming that T. urartu is the A genome progenitor. The extent of variations within and among species is discussed