Procjena utjecaja atmosferske korekcije na podatke Landsat 8 i Sentinel-2 za određivanje saliniteta tla

Remote sensing technology effectively determines and evaluates salinity-affected areas\u27 spatial and temporal distribution. Soil salinity maps for large areas can be obtained with low cost and low effort using remote sensing methods and techniques. Remote sensing data are delivered raw as Level-1 data, and they can be further atmospherically corrected to surface reflectance values, Level-2 data. This study evaluates the atmospheric correction impact on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data for soil salinity determination. The study has been supported with in-situ measurements in Alpu, Eskisehir, Turkey, where samples were collected from various agricultural fields simultaneously with the overpass of the satellites. Two different analysis cases have been used to determine the effect of atmospheric correction. The first is to examine the relationship between the measurements taken from the areas with mixed product groups and the salinity indices for both data types. The other is to investigate the relationship between the measurement values taken only from the wheat and beet groups and the salinity index values. The results show that atmospheric correction has a high effect on the relationship between spectral indices and in situ salinity measurement values. Especially in all cases examined in Landsat, it was observed that atmospheric correction led to an improvement of over 140%, while nearly 50% was observed in Sentinel on a product basis.Uz pomoć tehnologije daljinskih istraživanja učinkovito se određuje i procjenjuje prostorna i vremenska rasprostranjenost područja zahvaćenih salinitetom. Karte saliniteta tla za velika područja mogu se izraditi uz niske troškove i malo truda koristeći metode i tehnike daljinskih istraživanja. Podaci dobiveni daljinskim istraživanjima isporučuju se neobrađeni kao podaci Level-1 te se zatim mogu atmosferski korigirati na vrijednosti površinske refleksije, podaci Level-2. Ova studija procjenjuje utjecaje atmosferske korekcije na podatke Landsat 8 i Sentinel-2 za određivanje saliniteta tla. Studija je potkrijepljena mjerenjima in situ u Alpu, Eskisehir, Turska, gdje su uzorci bili prikupljeni na različitim poljoprivrednim poljima istovremeno s preletima satelita. Upotrijebljene su dvije različite analize kako bi se odredio učinak atmosferske korekcije. Prva je analiza primijenjena kako bi se ispitao odnos između mjerenja provedenih na područjima s miješanim skupinama proizvoda i indeksima saliniteta za obje vrste podataka. Druga je analiza primijenjena kako bi se istražio odnos između vrijednosti mjerenja dobivenih samo iz skupina pšenice i repe te vrijednosti indeksa saliniteta. Rezultati pokazuju da atmosferska korekcija ima visok učinak na odnos između spektralnih indeksa i vrijednosti mjerenja saliniteta in situ. Posebno se u svim slučajevima ispitivanja putem Landsata moglo primijetiti da je atmosferska korekcija dovela do poboljšanja za više od 140%, dok je gotovo 50% primijećeno za Sentinel na temelju proizvoda

Procjena utjecaja atmosferske korekcije na podatke Landsat 8 i Sentinel-2 za određivanje saliniteta tla

Remote sensing technology effectively determines and evaluates salinity-affected areas\u27 spatial and temporal distribution. Soil salinity maps for large areas can be obtained with low cost and low effort using remote sensing methods and techniques. Remote sensing data are delivered raw as Level-1 data, and they can be further atmospherically corrected to surface reflectance values, Level-2 data. This study evaluates the atmospheric correction impact on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data for soil salinity determination. The study has been supported with in-situ measurements in Alpu, Eskisehir, Turkey, where samples were collected from various agricultural fields simultaneously with the overpass of the satellites. Two different analysis cases have been used to determine the effect of atmospheric correction. The first is to examine the relationship between the measurements taken from the areas with mixed product groups and the salinity indices for both data types. The other is to investigate the relationship between the measurement values taken only from the wheat and beet groups and the salinity index values. The results show that atmospheric correction has a high effect on the relationship between spectral indices and in situ salinity measurement values. Especially in all cases examined in Landsat, it was observed that atmospheric correction led to an improvement of over 140%, while nearly 50% was observed in Sentinel on a product basis.Uz pomoć tehnologije daljinskih istraživanja učinkovito se određuje i procjenjuje prostorna i vremenska rasprostranjenost područja zahvaćenih salinitetom. Karte saliniteta tla za velika područja mogu se izraditi uz niske troškove i malo truda koristeći metode i tehnike daljinskih istraživanja. Podaci dobiveni daljinskim istraživanjima isporučuju se neobrađeni kao podaci Level-1 te se zatim mogu atmosferski korigirati na vrijednosti površinske refleksije, podaci Level-2. Ova studija procjenjuje utjecaje atmosferske korekcije na podatke Landsat 8 i Sentinel-2 za određivanje saliniteta tla. Studija je potkrijepljena mjerenjima in situ u Alpu, Eskisehir, Turska, gdje su uzorci bili prikupljeni na različitim poljoprivrednim poljima istovremeno s preletima satelita. Upotrijebljene su dvije različite analize kako bi se odredio učinak atmosferske korekcije. Prva je analiza primijenjena kako bi se ispitao odnos između mjerenja provedenih na područjima s miješanim skupinama proizvoda i indeksima saliniteta za obje vrste podataka. Druga je analiza primijenjena kako bi se istražio odnos između vrijednosti mjerenja dobivenih samo iz skupina pšenice i repe te vrijednosti indeksa saliniteta. Rezultati pokazuju da atmosferska korekcija ima visok učinak na odnos između spektralnih indeksa i vrijednosti mjerenja saliniteta in situ. Posebno se u svim slučajevima ispitivanja putem Landsata moglo primijetiti da je atmosferska korekcija dovela do poboljšanja za više od 140%, dok je gotovo 50% primijećeno za Sentinel na temelju proizvoda

Prevalence, classification and dental treatment requirements of dens invaginatus by cone-beam computed tomography

Background. This study aimed the evaluation of the prevalence, characteristics, types of dens invaginatus (DI) and co-observed dental anomalies to understand dental treatment requirements in anterior teeth that are susceptible to developmental anomalies by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. In this retrospective study, the anterior teeth of 958 patients were evaluated by using CBCT for the presence of DI. The demographic features, types of DI and treatment requirements were also recorded. The association between sex and the presence of DI was evaluated using chi-squared test. Results. Seventy-three DI anomalies were detected in the anterior teeth of 49 patients (18 females, 31 males). The frequency of DI was 5.11% and the most frequently involved teeth were lateral (57.53%). Forty-six teeth were classified as Type I (63.01%), 24 as Type II (32.87%), and three as Type III (4.10%). Apical pathosis was found to be 20.54% in all DIs detected and accounted for all Type III and one-third of Type II. Conclusions. CBCT imaging can be effective in the detection of dental anomalies such as DI and planning for root canal therapy and surgical treatments. Prophylactic interventions might be possible to prevent apical pathosis with the data obtained from CBCT images

The efficacy of balneotherapy and mud-pack therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disorder. There are various treatment modalities. This study was planned to investigate the efficacy of balneotherapy, mud-pack therapy in patients with knee OA

Clinical Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise to Treat Chronic Low Back Pain A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study Design. This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study

Evaluation of Sympathetic Skin Response and F Wave in Fibromyalgia Syndrome Patients

Objectives: This study was planned to perform an electroneuromyographic evaluation of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) and F wave in order to determine whether there is an autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

An experimental study of the investment implications of bankruptcy laws

We use an experimental design to analyze and compare actual investor behavior under two well-known allocation rules proposed by the theoretical literature on bankruptcy problems: Equal Losses Rule (EL) and Proportional Rule (PRO). More specically, we experimentally test the following hypotheses, forwarded by the theoretical work of Kibris and Kibris (2013): (i) total investment is higher under EL than under PRO; (ii) under both rules, a decrease in the rm's probability of bankruptcy (i.e. an increase in its success rate) serves to increase both individual and total investment levels; (iii) under both rules, more risk averse agents choose lower investment levels; (iv) under EL, agents with more risk averse partners invest more, (v) under PRO, an agent's investment choices are independent of his partner's risk attitude. Our findings support all hypotheses except (iv). We find that a switch from PRO to EL or an increase in the success rate induces higher investment choices and that more risk averse subjects invest less in general. We do not observe a signicant effect of partner's risk aversion on a subject's investment choices. Finally, we also find that the bankruptcy rule in play has a signicant effect on a subject's likelihood of choosing an extreme (that is, zero or full) investment level