Aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda direnç antrenmanlarının bazal metabolizma hızı ve serum leptin seviyesine etkisi

Aşırı Kilolu ve Obez Adölesanlarda Direnç Antrenmanlarının Bazal Metabolizma Hızı ve Serum Leptin Seviyesine Etkisi Bu araştırmada, aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda vücut kas kütlesini arttırarak yağ oranını azaltmayı hedefleyen direnç antrenmanlarının bazal metabolizma hızına ve serum leptin seviyesine olan etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan yaşları 15-18 arasındaki 16 aşırı kilolu ve obez erkek adölesan direnç (n=8) ve dayanıklılık (n=8) olarak iki antrenman grubuna ayrılmıştır. Gruplara 6 ay, haftada üç gün, birer saatten oluşan direnç ve dayanıklılık antrenman programları uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın başında ve sonunda vücut kompozisyonları [boy, vücut ağırlığı, beden kütle indeksi (BKİ), yaşa göre BKİ persentili, vücut yağ ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi, karın içi yağ, yağsız vücut kütlesi, vücut kas kütlesi) X-SCAN aleti ile belirlenmiş ve bazı antropometrik ölçümler (bel çevresi, karın çevresi ve kalça çevresi) alınmıştır. Ayrıca max. VO2 (Bruce protokolü), omuz ve diz kuvveti (Cybex), bazal metabolizma hızları (ergospirometre) ve serum leptin seviyelerine (ELİSA) bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda direnç antrenman grubunun, BKİ ve yaşa göre BKİ persentili değerlerinde; her iki antrenman gruplarının ise vücut yağ yüzdesi değerlerinde bir azalma olmuştur (p<0,05). Direnç antrenman grubunun % BW omuz max. extansiyon ve fleksiyon kuvveti, her iki grubun ise diz max.fleksiyon ve %BW diz max. fleksiyon kuvveti artmıştır (p<0,05). Direnç antrenman grubunun bel, karın ve kalça çevreleri ile bel-kalça oranı, dayanıklılık antrenman grubunun ise karın ve kalça çevresi değerleri azalmıştır (p<0,05). Her iki grubun bazal metabolizma hızlarında sağlanan artış dayanıklılık antrenman grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0,05). Grupların max. VO2 kapasiteleri artmış ve serum leptin seviyeleri azalmıştır (p<0,05); ancak bu değişimlerin vücut yağ yüzdesi ve BKİ’deki azalma ile ilişkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; uzun süreli (6 ay) direnç ve dayanıklılık antrenmanları, aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda kas kütlesini korurken, dayanıklılık antrenman grubunda bazal metabolizma hızını ve her iki antrenman grubunda ise max. VO2 kapasitesini arttırmış ve serum leptin seviyesini azaltmıştır. Direnç ve dayanıklılık antrenmanlarının BKİ ve vücut yağ yüzdesinde sağladığı azalma, metabolik parametrelerdeki değişikliklerden bağımsız olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Adölesan, Bazal Metabolizma Hızı, Direnç Antrenmanları, Obezite, Serum Leptin Seviyesi. SUMMARY Effects of Resistance Training on Metabolic Rate and Serum Leptin Levels in Overweight and Obese Adolescents The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training in overweight and obese adolescents on basal metabolic rate and serum leptin levels. Resistance training aimed to increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass. 16 overweight and obese adolescents (15-18 years old) participated voluntarily in the study and were designed to either resistance (n=8) or endurance (n=8) training. Both training programs lasted 6 months, three days per week, one hour each session. Before and after the training period body composition was assessed by X-SCAN (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age percentile of BMI, fat mass, percentage of body fat, abdominal fat, fat free mass, muscle mass), and anthropometric measures were obtained (waist, abdomen and hip circumference). The maximal oxygen uptake was indirectly measured by the Bruce protocol; shoulder and lower extremity strength was assessed by isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex). Serum leptin level were measured by Elisa assay. After the training period BMI and age percentile of BMI decreased in the resistance training group, and percentage of fat in both groups (p<0,05). In the resistance group relative strength of shoulder flexor and extensors increased, while absolute and relative strength of knee flexors increased in both groups. In the resistance training group waist, abdomen, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio decreased, whereas in the endurance group only abdomen and hip circumference decreased (p<0,05). In both groups basal metabolic rate increased which was significant in the endurance group (p<0,05). In both groups maximal oxygen uptake increased and serum leptin levels decreased (p<0,05); these changes were not correlated with the decreases in percentage of body fat and BMI. In conclusion both resistance and endurance training for 6 months were able to enhance maximal oxygen uptake and decrease serum leptin levels in overweight and obese adolescents.; muscle mass was preserved and basal metabolic rate increased in the endurance group. These metabolic changes were not related to the changes in BMI and fat mass. Key Words: Adolescents, Basal Metabolic Rate, Resistance Training, Obesity, Serum Leptin Levels

Aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda direnç antrenmanlarının bazal metabolizma hızı ve serum leptin seviyesine etkisi

ÖZETAşırı Kilolu ve Obez Adölesanlarda Direnç Antrenmanlarının Bazal Metabolizma Hızı ve Serum Leptin Seviyesine EtkisiBu araştırmada, aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda vücut kas kütlesini arttırarak yağ oranını azaltmayı hedefleyen direnç antrenmanlarının bazal metabolizma hızına ve serum leptin seviyesine olan etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan yaşları 15-18 arasındaki 16 aşırı kilolu ve obez erkek adölesan direnç (n=8) ve dayanıklılık (n=8) olarak iki antrenman grubuna ayrılmıştır. Gruplara 6 ay, haftada üç gün, birer saatten oluşan direnç ve dayanıklılık antrenman programları uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın başında ve sonunda vücut kompozisyonları [boy, vücut ağırlığı, beden kütle indeksi (BKİ), yaşa göre BKİ persentili, vücut yağ ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi, karın içi yağ, yağsız vücut kütlesi, vücut kas kütlesi) X-SCAN aleti ile belirlenmiş ve bazı antropometrik ölçümler (bel çevresi, karın çevresi ve kalça çevresi) alınmıştır. Ayrıca max. VO2 (Bruce protokolü), omuz ve diz kuvveti (Cybex), bazal metabolizma hızları (ergospirometre) ve serum leptin seviyelerine (ELİSA) bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda direnç antrenman grubunun, BKİ ve yaşa göre BKİ persentili değerlerinde; her iki antrenman gruplarının ise vücut yağ yüzdesi değerlerinde bir azalma olmuştur (p<0,05). Direnç antrenman grubunun % BW omuz max. extansiyon ve fleksiyon kuvveti, her iki grubun ise diz max.fleksiyon ve %BW diz max. fleksiyon kuvveti artmıştır (p<0,05). Direnç antrenman grubunun bel, karın ve kalça çevreleri ile bel-kalça oranı, dayanıklılık antrenman grubunun ise karın ve kalça çevresi değerleri azalmıştır (p<0,05). Her iki grubun bazal metabolizma hızlarında sağlanan artış dayanıklılık antrenman grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0,05). Grupların max. VO2 kapasiteleri artmış ve serum leptin seviyeleri azalmıştır (p<0,05); ancak bu değişimlerin vücut yağ yüzdesi ve BKİ’deki azalma ile ilişkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; uzun süreli (6 ay) direnç ve dayanıklılık antrenmanları, aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda kas kütlesini korurken, dayanıklılık antrenman grubunda bazal metabolizma hızını ve her iki antrenman grubunda ise max. VO2 kapasitesini arttırmış ve serum leptin seviyesini azaltmıştır. Direnç ve dayanıklılık antrenmanlarının BKİ ve vücut yağ yüzdesinde sağladığı azalma, metabolik parametrelerdeki değişikliklerden bağımsız olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Adölesan, Bazal Metabolizma Hızı, Direnç Antrenmanları, Obezite, Serum Leptin Seviyesi.SUMMARYEffects of Resistance Training on Metabolic Rate and Serum Leptin Levels in Overweight and Obese AdolescentsThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training in overweight and obese adolescents on basal metabolic rate and serum leptin levels. Resistance training aimed to increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass. 16 overweight and obese adolescents (15-18 years old) participated voluntarily in the study and were designed to either resistance (n=8) or endurance (n=8) training. Both training programs lasted 6 months, three days per week, one hour each session. Before and after the training period body composition was assessed by X-SCAN (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age percentile of BMI, fat mass, percentage of body fat, abdominal fat, fat free mass, muscle mass), and anthropometric measures were obtained (waist, abdomen and hip circumference). The maximal oxygen uptake was indirectly measured by the Bruce protocol; shoulder and lower extremity strength was assessed by isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex). Serum leptin level were measured by Elisa assay.After the training period BMI and age percentile of BMI decreased in the resistance training group, and percentage of fat in both groups (p<0,05). In the resistance group relative strength of shoulder flexor and extensors increased, while absolute and relative strength of knee flexors increased in both groups. In the resistance training group waist, abdomen, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio decreased, whereas in the endurance group only abdomen and hip circumference decreased (p<0,05). In both groups basal metabolic rate increased which was significant in the endurance group (p<0,05). In both groups maximal oxygen uptake increased and serum leptin levels decreased (p<0,05); these changes were not correlated with the decreases in percentage of body fat and BMI.In conclusion both resistance and endurance training for 6 months were able to enhance maximal oxygen uptake and decrease serum leptin levels in overweight and obese adolescents.; muscle mass was preserved and basal metabolic rate increased in the endurance group. These metabolic changes were not related to the changes in BMI and fat mass.Key Words: Adolescents, Basal Metabolic Rate, Resistance Training, Obesity, Serum Leptin Levels

The relationship between orthorexia nervosa and body composition in female students of the nutrition and dietetics department

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between orthorexia nervosa (ON) and eating disorder and body composition, class level, and place of residence in university students from the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. The participants (n=136; 20.92.0 years) were all female students, whose scores on the Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO-11) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) indicated a prevalence of ON and eating disorder. Assessment of body composition indices (Tanita bioelectrical impedance; SC-330) of the participants showed there to be no significant difference in the EAT-40 and ORTO-11 scores in terms of body composition, class level, and place of residence. A large majority of the participants (70.6%) had high ORTO-11 scores, and a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) was identified between the EAT-40 and ORTO-11 scores. Final results from analysis of the data showed that although abnormal orthorexic tendencies were common among the students from the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, they were nonetheless able to maintain body composition within normal values.Level of evidenceV, cross-sectional descriptive study

The Effects of Home Based Combined Exercises with Medical Nutritional Therapy on Body Composition, Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Women with Obesity

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, obezitesi olan kadınlarda evde uzman olmadan uygulanan tıbbi beslenme tedavisi ile desteklenen kombine egzersiz modelinin (aerobik ve direnç); vücut kompozisyonuna, el kavrama kuvvetine, esnekliğe,6 dk yürüme mesafesine (6DYM) ve yaşam kalitesine olan etkisinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bir üniversitenin obezite merkezinde tıbbi takipleri yapılan 9 obez kadının (yaş ortalaması 45,00±7,31 yıl; beden kitle indeksi ortalaması:40,96±8,30 kg/m2), araştırmanın başında ve sonunda vücut kompozisyonları (TANITA-SC-330) analiz edilmiş, ayrıca otur-uzan esneklik, el kavrama kuvveti ve6DYM değerleri belirlenmiştir. Bu testlerinin yanı sıra katılımcılara yaşam kalitesiölçeği (SF-36) uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların, 24 saatlik geriye dönük besin tüketim kaydı ile yeme alışkanlıkları belirlenmiş, besin tüketimleri Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS 6.1) ile değerlendirilmiş ve bireye özgü tıbbi beslenme tedavisidüzenlenmiştir. Sekiz hafta süresince katılımcılara video görseli gönderilerek, toplamda 39 seans aerobik (4-6 gün/hafta, 15-25 dk/gün) ve 19 seans direnç (3-4gün/hafta, 12-20 dk/gün) kombine egzersiz programını evlerinde yapmaları sağlanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Shapiro-Wilks normallik analizi ve Wilcoxonişaretli sıralar testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların 6DYM (%37,1), el kavrama kuvveti (%19), otur-uzan esneklik (%12,3) ve yağsız vücut kütlesi (%1,7) değerlerinde anlamlı düzeyde artış sağlanmıştır (p0,05). Sonuç: Obezitesi olan kadınlarda, 8 hafta süresince evde uygulanan, tıbbi beslenme tedavisi ile desteklenmişkombine egzersizler, vücut kompozisyonunu olumlu yönde değiştirmiş; esnekliği,kas kuvvetini, fiziksel performansı ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmıştır. Ev temelli egzersizler, obezitesi olan kadınlarda davranış değişikliği sağlamak amacıyla tedavinin bir parçası olarak kullanılabilir.Objective: To investigate the impact of a home based combined_x000D_ (aerobic and resistance) exercise model with medical nutritional therapy on body_x000D_ composition, hand grip strength, body flexibility, 6 minute walking distance_x000D_ (6MWD) and quality of life (QoL) in women living with obesity. Material and_x000D_ Methods: Nine women living with obesity, followed in a university obesity center, were included in the study (mean age: 45.00±7.31 years, Body Mass Index_x000D_ (BMI): 40.96±8.30 kg/m2_x000D_ ). Body composition was evaluated at the beginning and_x000D_ the end (TANITA-SC-330). Body flexibility, grip strength, 6MWD tests and_x000D_ QoL survey (SF-36) were administered. Dietary adjustments were processed_x000D_ through Nutrition Informational Systems (BeBİS 6.1). Participants performed_x000D_ 39 sessions of aerobic (4-6 days/week, 15-25 min/day) and 19 sessions of resistance (3-4 days/week, 12-20 min/day) exercise at home with the aid of_x000D_ audio-visual instructions for eight weeks. Shapiro-Wilks normality analysis_x000D_ and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analyses. Results: A_x000D_ significant increase in 6MWD (%37.1), hand grip strength (%19), body flexibility (%12.3) and fat free mass (%1.7) was encountered (p<0.05). Body_x000D_ weight (%2.4), BMI (%1.8), body fat ratio (%3.8) and fat mass (%5.9) significantly decreased (p<0.05). The subgroups of QoL: physical functioning, role_x000D_ physical, bodily pain, general health and vitality improved significantly_x000D_ (p<0.05), while social functioning, mental health and role emotional showed no_x000D_ significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: An eight-week home based combined exercise model in women living with obesity had a beneficial effect on_x000D_ body composition, hand grip strength, body flexibility, 6-minute walking distance_x000D_ and quality of lif

The Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercises on Adiponectin, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Adolescent Boys with Obesity

Introduction: This present study aimed to examine the effects of long-term resistance exercise (REG) and aerobic exercise (AEG) on the adiponectin, insulin resistance, lipid profile and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity. Methods: Sixteen obese adolescent boys (age: 16.81 +/- 0.91 years) who studied at high school in Istanbul voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of (REG; n=8) and (AEG; n=8). The participants followed their exercise schedule for six months (3 days/wk, 60 min/day). The serum lipid profile, adiponectin, glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and body composition of the participants were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyses, and the criterion for statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose and serum lipid levels decreased in both groups (p<0.05). Adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein increased only in the AEG (p<0.05). Low-density lipoprotein level was statistically decreased only in the REG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that both types of exercises had positive effects on insulin resistance, per cent body fat, weight and fat-free body mass. Long-term (6 months) aerobic and REG had different positive effects on adiponectin and the lipid profile. Although the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on biochemical parameters are higher than REG, it was remarkable that REG proved to be an alternative model to AEG

The effect of family attitudes and preparation of high school entrance exam on habitual physical activity in children

Physical activity level (PAL) is an important factor to promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle along the whole life cycle. The children and adolescent period is the critical time to acquire positive lifestyle habits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of both high school entrance exam (HSEE) and parental behaviors on habitual PAL of students during the preparation of this exam. Totally 319 Elementary School students (154 girls, 165 boys) between ages of 11-13 were selected randomly for this study. PAL of students were evaluated by using the Beacke Physical Activity Questionnaires. There were a no significant differences between attendance and non attendance to extra courses for HSEE in terms of word activity (WA), sport activity (SA), and leisure activity (LA) scores (p<.05) among the students. It was shown that regular physical activity attendance of mothers plaid a significant role in LA scores (p <=.03) among the students. However, WA, and SA scores of students were not affected from their mother's habitual activities (p<.05). On the other hand, there were significant differences in WA, and SA according to father's regular physical activity attendance (p <=.01). As a conclusion, parental habitual physical activity level played an important role in high score of student's LA. It is recommended to monitor and promote parental physical activity. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

The influence of physical training modalities on basal metabolic rate and leptin on obese adolescent boys

Ozbar, Nurper/0000-0003-0931-5263; Gedikbasi, Asuman/0000-0001-7121-6077; OZBAR, NURPER/0000-0003-0931-5263WOS: 000432457500020PubMed: 30325913The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical training modalities on basal metabolic rate, cardiovascular fitness and serum leptin level in obese adolescent boys. Sixteen obese adolescent boys (age: 16.81 +/- 0.91 years) were randomly assigned to either resistance (RTG) (n=8) or endurance (ETG) (n=8) training and followed the respective training programmes for six months (3 days/wk, 60 min/day). Leptin, basal metabolism rate (BMR), and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. After the training period, Leptin was decreased and VO2max was increased in both groups (p<0.05), whereas BMR was statistically increased only in ETG (p<0.05). These results indicated that both types of exercises had positive effects on cardiovascular fitness and hormonal control of fat metabolism in obese male adolescents. Resistance exercises should be considered as an alternative or supplementation to endurance exercises in youth obesity management.Marmara University Scientific Research Projects CommitteeMarmara University [SAG-C-DRP-04609-0145]This study was financially supported by the Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Committee (project no: SAG-C-DRP-04609-0145)

The influence of physical training modalities on basal metabolic rate and leptin on obese adolescent boys

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical training modalities on basal metabolic rate, cardiovascular fitness and serum leptin level in obese adolescent boys. Sixteen obese adolescent boys (age: 16.81 +/- 0.91 years) were randomly assigned to either resistance (RTG) (n=8) or endurance (ETG) (n=8) training and followed the respective training programmes for six months (3 days/wk, 60 min/day). Leptin, basal metabolism rate (BMR), and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. After the training period, Leptin was decreased and VO2max was increased in both groups (p<0.05), whereas BMR was statistically increased only in ETG (p<0.05). These results indicated that both types of exercises had positive effects on cardiovascular fitness and hormonal control of fat metabolism in obese male adolescents. Resistance exercises should be considered as an alternative or supplementation to endurance exercises in youth obesity management