Information Quality in Wikipedia: The Effects of Group Composition and Task Conflict,

AbstrAct: the success of Wikipedia demonstrates that self-organizing production communities can produce high-quality information-based products. research on Wikipedia has proceeded largely atheoretically, focusing on (1) the diversity in members' knowledge bases as a determinant of Wikipedia's content quality, (2) the task-related conflicts that occur during the collaborative authoring process, and (3) the different roles members play in Wikipedia. We develop a theoretical model that explains how these three factors interact to determine the quality of Wikipedia articles. the results from the empirical study of 96 Wikipedia articles suggest that (1) diversity should be encouraged, as the creative abrasion that is generated when cognitively diverse members engage in task-related conflict leads to higher-quality articles, (2) task conflict should be managed, as conflict-notwithstanding its contribution to creative 72 ArAzy, NOV, PAttErSON, AND yEO abrasion-can negatively affect group output, and (3) groups should maintain a balance of both administrative-and content-oriented members, as both contribute to the collaborative process. Key wOrds ANd PhrAses: co-creation, cognitive diversity, collaboration, communitybased production, group composition, information quality, task conflict, Wikipedia. receNt yeArs hAve seeN the emergeNce Of A community-based model for collaborative work, whereby a self-organizing online community creates knowledge-based goods We center our investigation on Wikipedia 1 to study the performance of editor groups within Wikipedia, we focus on the quality of its main outcome, the information provided in its articles, as the primary indicator of group output. Wikipedia articles are created using wiki technology, a Web-based collaborative authoring tool that is designed for openness, anonymity, and egalitarianism [56, Prior literature identifies three central aspects in Wikipedia's collaborative authoring process: (1) the cognitive diversity in members' knowledge and experiences, (2) task conflict, and (3) the roles members play. Cognitive diversity of an editor group is believed to contribute to the quality of the produced article, in line with "the wisdom of the crowd" argument the unique setting of online peer production [52] and the distinctive affordances of the enabling wiki technology Our empirical method relies on Wikipedia's system logs. Harvesting these logs can reveal important insights regarding members' ongoing behavior in its natural setting related Studies eArLier, we ideNtified three ceNtrAL themes in Wikipedia's collaborative authoring process. two themes refer to the composition of Wikipedia editor groups: the inclusion of specific types of members and the diversity in members' knowledge bases. the third theme refers to group work processes: task-related conflict. Here we review prior studies related to these three themes, as well as works related to the group output (the quality of the produced Wikipedia article), focusing primarily on studies of Wikipedia and on works in related areas: virtual teams, online communities, and OSS projects

Primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy vs. Hartmann’s procedure for acute diverticulitis: what happens after discharge? Results of a nationwide analysis

Background: Current guidelines recommend resection with primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy over Hartmann’s procedure if deemed safe for acute diverticulitis. The primary objective of the current study was to compare the utilization of these strategies and describe nationwide ostomy closure patterns and readmission outcomes within 1 year of discharge. Methods: This was a retrospective, population-based, cohort study of United States Hospitals reporting to the Nationwide Readmissions Database from January 2011 to December 2019. There were 35,774 patients identified undergoing non-elective primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy or Hartmann’s procedure for acute diverticulitis. Rates of ostomy closure, unplanned readmissions, and complications were compared. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to control for patient and hospital-level confounders as well as severity of disease. Results: Of the 35,774 patients identified, 93.5% underwent Hartmann’s procedure. Half (47.2%) were aged 46–65 years, 50.8% female, 41.2% publicly insured, and 91.7% underwent open surgery. Primary anastomosis was associated with higher rates of 1-year ostomy closure (83.6% vs. 53.4%, p < 0.001) and shorter time-to-closure [median 72 days (Interquartile range 49–103) vs. 115 (86–160); p < 0.001]. Primary anastomosis was associated with increased unplanned readmissions [Hazard Ratio = 2.83 (95% Confidence Interval 2.83–3.37); p < 0.001], but fewer complications upon stoma closure [Odds Ratio 0.51 (95% 0.42–0.63); p < 0.001]. There were no differences in complications between primary anastomosis and Hartmann’s procedure during index admission [Odds Ratio = 1.13 (95% Confidence Interval 0.96–1.33); p = 0.137]. Conclusion: Patients who undergo primary anastomosis for acute diverticulitis are more likely to undergo ostomy reversal and experience fewer postoperative complications upon stoma reversal. These data support the current national guidelines that recommend primary anastomosis in appropriate cases of acute diverticulitis requiring operative treatment

Concert recording 2015-12-06

[Track 01]. Lachen und Weinen / Franz Schubert -- Zitronenfalter im April / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 02]. Ganymed / Franz Schubert -- [Track 03]. Gesang Weylas / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 04]. An Silvia / Franz Schubert -- [Track 05]. Der Gärtner / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 06]. Gott im Frühling / Franz Schubert -- [Track 07]. Elfenlied / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 08]. Schäfers Klagelied / Franz Schubert -- [Track 09]. Verborgenheit / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 10]. Gretchens Bitte / Franz Schubert -- [Track 11]. Die Zigeunerin / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 12]. Liebesbotschaft / Franz Schubert -- [Track 13]. In dem Schatten meiner Locken / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 14]. Die junge Nonne / Franz Schubert -- [Track 15]. Nimmersatte Liebe / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 16]. Liebe schwärmt auf allen Wegen / Franz Schubert -- [Track 17]. Er ist\u27s / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 18]. Der Musensohn / Franz Schubert -- [Track 19]. Storchenbotschaft / Hugo Wolf

Physical Activity and Pregnancy: Past and Present Evidence and Future Recommendations

This review provides researchers and practitioners with an overview of the physical activity and pregnancy literature to promote prenatal physical activity, improve measurement, further elucidate the role of activity in reducing maternal health complications, and inform future research

Optimal technical management of stump closure following distal pancreatectomy: a retrospective review of 215 cases.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula (PF) is a major source of morbidity following distal pancreatectomy (DP). Our aim was to identify risk factors related to PF following DP and to determine the impact of technique of transection and stump closure. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 215 consecutive patients who underwent DP. Perioperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed with attention to PF as defined by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula. RESULTS: PF developed in 36 patients (16.7%); fistulas were classified as Grade A (44.4%), B (44.4%), or C (11.1%). The pancreas was transected with stapler (n = 139), cautery (n = 70), and scalpel (n = 3). PF developed in 19.8% of remnants which were stapled/oversewn and 27.7% that were stapled alone (p = 0.4). Of the 69 pancreatic remnants transected with cautery and oversewn, a fistula developed in 4.3% (p = 0.004 compared to stapled/oversewn; p = 0.006 compared to stapled/not sewn). The median length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly increased in patients who developed PF (10 vs. 6 days, p = 0.002) CONCLUSION: The method of transection and management of the pancreatic remnant plays a critical role in the formation of PF following DP. This series suggests that transection using electrocautery followed by oversewing of the pancreatic remnant has the lowest risk of PF

Concert recording 2015-03-15a

[Track 01]. Bel piacere / George Frederick Handel -- [Track 02]. Non é ver! / Tito Mattei -- [Track 03]. Caro mio ben / Giuseppe Giordani -- [Track 04]. Flow, my tears / John Dowland -- [Track 05]. Si mes vers avaient des ailes / Reynaldo Hahn -- [Track 06]. Do not go, my love / Richard Hageman -- [Track 07]. Italienisches Liederbuch. Auch kleine Dinge können uns entzücken ; [Track 08]. Du denkst mit einem Fädchen mich zu fangen ; [Track 09]. Schweig einmal still, du garst\u27ger Schwätzer dort ; [Track 10]. Ich hab\u27 in Penna einen liebsten wohnnen / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 11]. Erbarme dich, mein Gott from St. Matthew passion / Johann Sebastian Bach -- [Track 12]. Faites-lui mes aveux from Faust / Charles Gounod -- [Track 13]. La mi sola, Laureola / Fernando Obradors -- [Track 14]. Air vif / Francis Poulenc -- [Track 15]. Money, O! / Michael Head -- [Track 16]. Chason à boire / Maurice Ravel -- [Track 17]. De soir / Claude Debussy -- [Track 18]. Jour et nuit je me mets en quatre from Les contes d\u27Hoffmann / Jacques Offenbach

Concert recording 2016-02-19

[Track 01]. My Johann / Edvard Grieg -- [Track 02]. Batti, batti bel Masetto / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -- [Track 03]. Ah mio cor / George Frideric Handel -- [Track 04]. Bright is the ring of words / Ralph Vaughan Williams -- [Track 05]. Le colibri / Ernest Chausson -- [Track 06]. Do not go, my love / Richard Hageman -- [Track 07]. Go, lovely rose / Roger Quilter -- [Track 08]. Sonntag / Johannes Brahms -- [Track 09]. O mio babbino caro from Gianni Schicchi / Giacomo Puccini -- [Track 10]. Spiel auf deine Geige from Venus in Seide / Robert Stolz -- [Track 11]. Die Spröde / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 12]. I want magic! from A streetcar named desire / Andre Previn -- [Track 13]. What if... / Lee Hoiby -- [Track 14]. Va! laisse couler mes larmes from Werther / Jules Massenet

Addressing health equity for breastfeeding women: primaquine for Plasmodium vivax radical cure

Plasmodium vivax malaria remains a global health challenge, with approximately 6.9 million estimated cases in 2022. The parasite has a dormant liver stage, the hypnozoite, which reactivates to cause repeated relapses over weeks, months, or years. These relapses erode patient health, contribute to the burden of malaria, and promote transmission. Radical cure to prevent relapses requires administration of an 8-aminoquinoline, either primaquine or tafenoquine. However, malaria treatment guidelines updated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in October 2023 restrict primaquine use for women breastfeeding children < 6 months of age, or women breastfeeding older children if their child is G6PD deficient or if the child’s G6PD status is unknown. Primaquine restrictions assume that 8-aminoquinoline exposures in breast milk would be sufficient to cause haemolysis in the nursing infant should they be G6PD deficient. WHO recommendations for tafenoquine are awaited. Notably, the WHO recommends that infants are breastfed for the first 2 years of life, and exclusively until 6 months old. Repeated pregnancies, followed by extended breastfeeding leaves women in P. vivax endemic regions potentially vulnerable to relapses for many years. This puts women’s health at risk, increases the malaria burden, and perpetuates transmission, hindering malaria control and elimination. The benefits of lifting restrictions on primaquine administration to breastfeeding women are significant, avoiding the adverse consequences of repeated episodes of acute malaria, such as severe anaemia. Recent data challenge the restriction of primaquine in breastfeeding women. Clinical pharmacokinetic data in breastfeeding infants ≥ 28 days old show that the exposure to primaquine is very low and less than 1% of the maternal exposure, indicating negligible risk to infants, irrespective of their G6PD status. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling complements the clinical data, predicting minimal primaquine exposure to infants and neonates via breast milk from early post-partum. This article summarizes the clinical and modelling evidence for a favourable benefit:risk evaluation of P. vivax radical cure with primaquine for breastfeeding women without the need for infant G6PD testing, supporting a change in policy. This adjustment to current treatment guidelines would support health equity in regard to effective interventions to protect women and their children, enhance malaria control strategies, and advance P. vivax elimination

Novel HTS Strategy Identifies TRAIL-Sensitizing Compounds Acting Specifically Through the Caspase-8 Apoptotic Axis

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) is potentially a very important therapeutic as it shows selectivity for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells whilst normal cells are refractory. TRAIL binding to its cognate receptors, Death Receptors-4 and -5, leads to recruitment of caspase-8 and classical activation of downstream effector caspases, leading to apoptosis. As with many drugs however, TRAIL's usefulness is limited by resistance, either innate or acquired. We describe here the development of a novel 384-well high-throughput screening (HTS) strategy for identifying potential TRAIL-sensitizing agents that act solely in a caspase-8 dependent manner. By utilizing a TRAIL resistant cell line lacking caspase-8 (NB7) compared to the same cells reconstituted with the wild-type protein, or with a catalytically inactive point mutant of caspase-8, we are able to identify compounds that act specifically through the caspase-8 axis, rather than through general toxicity. In addition, false positive hits can easily be “weeded out” in this assay due to their activity in cells lacking caspase-8-inducible activity. Screening of the library of pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC) was performed as both proof-of-concept and to discover potential unknown TRAIL sensitizers whose mechanism is caspase-8 mediated. We identified known TRAIL sensitizers from the library and identified new compounds that appear to sensitize specifically through caspase-8. In sum, we demonstrate proof-of-concept and discovery of novel compounds with a screening strategy optimized for the detection of caspase-8 pathway-specific TRAIL sensitizers. This screen was performed in the 384-well format, but could easily be further miniaturized, allows easy identification of artifactual false positives, and is highly scalable to accommodate diverse libraries

Cripto-independent Nodal signaling promotes positioning of the A-P axis in the early mouse embryo

During early mouse development, the TGF beta-related protein Nodal specifies the organizing centers that control the formation of the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis. EGF-CFC proteins are important components of the Nodal signaling pathway, most likely by acting as Nodal coreceptors. However, the extent to which Nodal activity depends on EGF-CFC proteins is still debated. Cripto is the earliest EGF-CFC gene expressed during mouse embryogenesis and is involved in both A-P axis orientation and mesoderm formation. To investigate the relation between Cripto and Nodal in the early mouse embryo, we removed the Nodal antagonist Cerberus 1 (Cer1) and simultaneously Cripto, by generating Cer1;Cripto double mouse mutants. We observed that two thirds of the Cer1,Cripto double mutants are rescued in processes that are severely compromised in Cripto(-/-) embryos, namely A-P axis orientation, anterior mesendoderm and posterior neuroectoderin formation. The observed rescue is strongly reduced in Cer1;Cripto;Nodal triple mutants, suggesting that Nodal can signal extensively in the absence of Cripto, if Cer1 is also inhibited. This signaling activity drives A-P axis positioning. Our results provide evidence for the existence. of Cripto-independent signaling mechanisms, by which Nodal controls axis specification in the early mouse embryo. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved