Accumulation rates and sediment deposition in the Gokova Bay in Aegean Sea Turkish Coast

WOS: 000170649400024PubMed ID: 11545515Sediment accumulation rates were estimated from the vertical distribution of excess Pb-210 in sediment cores collected at six stations in the Gokova Bay near the heavily industrialized Turkish Coastal zone of the Aegean Sea. Total Pb-210 was determined by measuring Po-210 activities. The sediment accumulation rates were calculated to vary from 0.32 +/- 0.01 cm yr(-1) (0.17 +/- 0.01 g cm(-2) yr(-1)) to 1.92 +/- 0.20 cm yr(-1) (1.13 +/- 0.10 g cm(-2) yr(-1)). The unsupported Pb-210 flux was calculated from the accumulated dry matter of the examined slices and their unsupported Pb-210 concentrations. The flux of unsupported Pb-210 varies between 62 +/- 5 and 105 +/- 8 Bq m(-2) yr(-1). The average depositional flux was found to be considerably higher for cores from the Mediterranean. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Simulation of dissolution of silicon in an indium solution by spectral methods

The results of a numerical simulation of natural convection due to concentration gradients during dissolution of silicon in an indium solution in a horizontal substrate-solution-substrate system are presented. The Chebyshev-Tau spectral method has been used for the simulations. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. It is concluded that the discrepancies in the dissolution depths between the previous simulations and experimental data, especially at the earlier stages of the process, are mostly due to combined effects of uncertainties in the predicted properties and insufficient numerical accuracy

Lateral heating effects on the PVT growth process of Hg2Cl2 crystals

Effects of lateral heating on flow profiles and growth rates during the growth of mercurous chloride crystals by the physical-vapour-transport process in vertical ampoules are investigated by a two-dimensional model. The growth conditions of an experimental study available in the open literature are simulated. Lateral thermal boundary condition is modelled by a spatially sinusoidal heat flux. The results of the present computations are in agreement with the earlier experimental results and indicate that an increase in the lateral heating rate can cause a significant decrease in the transport rate while the flow accelerates. In the case of flow bifurcations, the growth rates can become as low as in the case of convectionless flow conditions

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research