Increased occurrence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women during the first trimester and its correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chattagram region, Bangladesh

Background: The present study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in their first trimester in Chattagram, an iodine-sufficient area in Bangladesh. We also studied whether hypothyroidism in pregnancy has any correlation with high titres of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: Our study included 100 pregnant women at their first antenatal checkup based on certain preselected criteria in two tertiary care hospitals in Chattogram. The levels of serum TSH, FT4, and anti-TPO were estimated to detect thyroid function from the collected blood sample. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age. A standard predesigned proforma was used to record a detailed patient history and the findings of general physical examinations.Results: According to our results, thyroid disorder and GDM affect 19% and 13% of total pregnancies, respectively. Among TD patients, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) prevails the most (11%). The majority of the hypothyroid patients with a high titre of anti-TPO positivity (11%) indicate an autoimmune etiology (p<0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship (p<0.01) was established between hypothyroidism and GDM. No demographic data was observed to affect GDM and hypothyroidism.Conclusion: Thyroid disorders affect one in every six pregnant women in the southern part of Bangladesh. Moreover, hypothyroid pregnant women were found to be highly susceptible to GDM. Euthyroid women with a high titre of anti-TPO during their gestation should be closely monitored for the development of hypothyroidism and GDM

Muhasebe ihtiyatlılık kavramı ve İMKB ulusal sınai endeksinde işlem gören işletmeler üzerine bir araştırma

Bu çalışmada, muhasebenin temel kavramlarından olan ihtiyatlılık kavramı üzerinde durulmuş ve istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak İMKB ulusal sınai endeksinde işlem gören işletmelerin ihtiyatlı olup olmadıkları ve finansal başarı ile ihtiyatlılık arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın temelinde ihtiyatlılık kavramının kurumsal yönetim ve muhasebe standartlarının önemli bir ilkesi olduğu ve uzun vadede başarılı işletmelerin aynı zamanda ihtiyatlı da oldukları varsayımı yatmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda İMKB ulusal sınai endeksinde yer alan 28 adet işletmenin 16 yıllık zaman serileri ele alınarak regresyon analizi yapılmıştır ve şu sonuca ulaşılmıştır. 28 işletmeden sadece bir tanesi ihtiyatlıdır ve İMKB ulusal sınai endeksinde işlem gören finansal açıdan başarılı işletmeler ihtiyatlı değildir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İhtiyatlılık, Muhasebe Standartları, Kurumsal Yönetim.\ud In this study, it has been mentioned that conservatism concept which is one of the accounting principles and searched that whether the companies traded in ISE Public Industrial Index are conservative or not, there is a relationship between financial success and conservatism in using statistical methods. It is supposed that in the principal of study conservatism is an important principle of institutional management and accounting standards and successful companies in the long run are also conservative. It has been carried out that regression analysis to 28 companies' traded in ISE Public Industrial Index by using 16 years time series and result is following. Just one of 28 companies is conservative and financially successful companies traded in ISE Public Industrial Index are not conservative. Key Words: Conservatism, Accounting Standards, Institutional Management

Investigation of the association between the TCF7L2 rs12255372 (G/T) gene polymorphism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the population of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Objective: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and becoming an increasing health problem worldwide. The rate of GDM is increasing in Asian countries including Bangladesh. This study is aimed at investigating the association between the rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene with GDM. Method: To carry out the present research, 63 GDM pregnant women and 60 control pregnant women were randomly selected from the city Chattogram, Bangladesh. During the study data was collected between gestational weeks of 24–28. PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping the rs12253372 (G/T) and for genotype analysis Hardy-Weinberg equation (Hardy, 1908) was applied. Results: The fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose level was significantly higher in GDM than the control. Moreover, in the case of family history women with GDM showed higher percentage in first degree relatives (60.31 %) compared to that of control (38.33 %). The frequency of mutant allele T in GDM is 26.2 % which was however not significant. TT genotype was found only in one subject with GDM. However, the percentage of risk allele GT is higher in GDM (49.2 %) compared to that of NGT (35 %). Conclusions: In our pilot study, we did not find an association between rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphism of TCF7L2 gene and GDM. Studying in a broader group may help to find a conclusive result

Characterization, prevalence and antibiogram study of Staphylococcus aureus in poultry

Objective: To reveal the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MRSA) in poultry samples and to determine the antibiogram pattern against five antibiotics. Methods: Samples from different poultry farm of Chittagong city, Bangladesh were examined for S. aureus by different biochemical tests and confirmed as MRSA by identifying the presence of mecA gene using PCR. Antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus was determined by antibiotic disk diffusion method. Results: In this study, a total of 60 samples (30 from nasal swabs and 30 from cloacal swabs) were used, of which 54 were confirmed as S. aureus by different biochemical tests. Among these, 12 were confirmed as MRSA by detecting mecA gene using PCR. During antibiogram study, both nasal and cloacal samples showed the highest resistance against penicillin-G and the lowest resistance was observed against neomycin. Conclusions: Based on the present study, it can be said that different antibiotics are used extensively in poultry that leads to MRSA and is alarming for human health