Kadın Doğum Hekimi ve Ebelerin Elektif Sezaryen Doğum Hakkındaki Görüş ve Deneyimleri

Background: At the present time, the most frequent reason for the application of caesarean birth is the caesareans without medical indications (elective). Becoming a routine of caesarean application brings along various ethical discussions. Objectives: This cross-sectional descriptive study was planned to analyze the opinions and experiences of obstetricians and midwives about the elective caesarean birth. Methods: The samples of the research consisted 36 obstetricians and 84 midwives who accept to participate the study. Results: 100% of the obstetricians (elective=40.9%, medical indication=59.1%) and 48.7% of midwives (elective=47.4%, medical indication=52.6%) were determined to have experienced caesarean in their birth. 58.3% of the obstetricians and 39.3% of the midwives said they or their wives would choose elective caesarean birth if they were pregnant now. In both groups, the primer reason for the choice of elective caesarean births was "unwillingness and fear of dissertation/pain" among the obstetricians and midwives with 33.3% and 78.7% respectively. It was found that 54.8% of the midwives and 80.5% of the obstetricians partly or totally agreed with the idea of "caesarean is a birth type that is preferred by the obstetricians nowadays since it saves more time to health professionals"(p = .024). Conclusion: This study indicates that obstetricians and midwives are tendency to elective caesarean birth. It is thought that opinions and experiences of health professionals may be router choose the type of birth of families. Giriş: Tıbbi endikasyon olmadan (elektif) yapılan sezaryenler günümüzde karşılaşılan en sık sezaryen doğum uygulama nedenidir. Sezaryen uygulamasının rutin hale gelmesi, çeşitli etik tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Amaç: Bu kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışma, kadın doğum hekimi ve ebelerin elektif sezaryen doğum hakkındaki görüş ve deneyimlerini incelemek amacıyla planlandı. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 36 kadın doğum hekimi ve 84 ebe oluşturdu. Bulgular: Hekimlerin %100'ünün (elektif=%40.9, tıbbi endikasyon=%59.1) ebelerin ise %48.7'sinin (elektif=%47.4, tıbbi endikasyon=%52.6) kendi doğumlarında sezaryeni deneyimledikleri saptandı. Hekimlerin %58.3'ü ebelerin ise %39.3'ü eğer şuanda hamile olsalar kendileri ya da eşleri için elektif sezaryen doğumu seçeceklerini belirtti. Her iki grup için, elektif sezaryen doğumu seçmedeki ilk neden hekimlerde %33.3, ebelerde %78.7 ile "ağrı çekmek istememek/korkmak" olarak belirlendi. Ebelerin %54.8'inin, hekimlerin ise %80.5'inin "sezaryenle yapılan doğum sağlık ekibine daha fazla zaman kazandırdığı için günümüzde hekimler tarafından tercih edilmektedir" görüşüne tamamen ya da kısmen katıldığı saptandı (p = .024). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kadın doğum hekimi ve ebelerin elektif sezaryen doğuma eğilimli olduğunu göstermektedir. Sağlık profesyonellerine ait görüş ve deneyimlerin, ailelerin doğum şekli tercihinde yönlendirici olabileceği düşünülmektedi

Examine the attitudes toward spouse violence of health sciences faculty studentsSağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin eş tarafından uygulanan şiddete ilişkin tutumları

This study aimed to examine the attitudes toward violence by spouse of health sciences faculty students. The study which is cross-sectional was conducted on students of the health sciences faculty which was in a public university, between April-May 2017. As the study was planned to include all students, no sample group was selected for the study. However the sample of the study consist of 949 students who participated lessons between the dates of this study and volunteered for study. The data was collected with using a ‘Participant İnformation Form’ prepared by the researchers after a review of the literature and ‘The Scale for Attitudes Toward Wife Beating (ATWB)’. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni and Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis were used to analyze the data. This study found that 16.4% of students’ mother subjected to violence from their father, 55.1% of students met with a woman who had been subjected to violence by her husband and 37% of students had received information about violence against women during their training process. According to the findings of the study, female students’ ATWB all sub-dimension scores mean and total score mean were higher than male students (p<0.001) and fourth class students’ mean score were lower than other grades (p<0.05). Students’ whose mother and father graduated from university and whose father were employed, all sub-dimensions mean scores and total score mean were lowest except ‘responsibility of men for violence against their wives’ sub-dimension (p<0.001). According to study findings; more than half of the health science faculty students met with a woman who had been subjected to violence by her husband during their training process, Their information about violence against women was inadequate, female students had a more appropriate attitude towards violence against woman, senior-level students had a more negative attitude towards violence against woman than other students and education level of parents and father's working status affected the attitude toward violence against woman. In conclusions, it is recommended that education / training curriculum of students who will work in the health field should include information about violence. Especially in the training to be given individual differences of the students must be considered. It must be emphasized the importance of not reflecting the social patterns to professional practice.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAraştırma, sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin eş dövmeye ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel olarak planlanan bu araştırma Nisan-Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında bir kamu üniversitesine bağlı sağlık bilimleri fakültesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, örneklem seçimine gidilmemiştir. Evrenin tamamının çalışmaya dahil edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini veri toplama tarihleri arasında derslere katılan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 949 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri, "Katılımcı Bilgi Formu" ve " Eş Dövmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği "  kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız gruplarda t testi, ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni ve Cronbach’s alfa güvenirlik analizi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin %16.4’ ünün annesinin babasından şiddet gördüğü, %55.1’ inin öğrencilik süreci boyunca eşi tarafından şiddet uygulanan bir kadınla karşılaştığı, %37.8’ inin eğitim/öğretim süreci boyunca kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin bilgi aldığı bulunmuştur. Kız öğrencilerin eş dövmeye ilişkin tutum ölçeği tüm alt boyut ve toplam puan ortalamaları erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksek (p<0.001), dördüncü sınıftaki öğrencilerin ise diğer sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilere göre daha düşüktür (p<0.05). Annesi ve babası üniversite mezunu olan öğrenciler ile babası herhangi bir işte çalışan öğrencilerin eş dövmenin erkeğin sorumluluğu olması alt boyut puan ortalaması dışında tüm alt boyut ve toplam puan ortalamaları en düşüktür (p<0.001). Araştırmada öğrencilerin yarısından fazlasının öğrencilik süreci boyunca eşi tarafından şiddet uygulanan bir kadınla karşılaştığı, eşe yönelik şiddete ilişkin bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğu, kız öğrencilerin eşe yönelik şiddete ilişkin daha onaylayıcı bir tutuma sahip oldukları, son sınıf öğrencilerinin diğer öğrencilere göre eşe yönelik şiddeti daha olumsuz algıladığı ve anne-baba eğitim düzeyi ile babanın çalışma durumunun şiddete yönelik tutumu etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Sağlık alanında çalışacak olan öğrencilerin eğitim/öğretim müfredatında şiddete ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmesi önerilmektedir. Verilecek olan eğitimde özellikle öğrencilerin bireysel farklılıklarının göz önüne alınması ve sahip oldukları toplumsal kalıpları mesleki uygulamalara yansıtmamasının önemi vurgulanmalıdır.

The Effect of Social Media Addiction on Premenstruel Syndrome and Sleep Quality

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the impact of social media addiction on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and sleep quality. Material-Method: The study population consisted of female students enrolled in the Health Sciences Faculty of a public university (n=884). Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form," "Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)," "Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS)," and "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" instruments. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and Linear Regression Analysis were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.40±1.65, and the mean age of menarche was 13.42±1.60. The mean total score for PMSS was 129.57±37.75, the mean total score for SMAS was 12.93±4.84, and the mean score for PSQI was 13.22±2.04. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between SMAS and the total scores of PMSS and PSQI (r=.325, p=.000; r=271, p=.000). In addition, as a result of the regression analysis, a 1-unit change in the social media addiction scale score causes a positive increase of .325 units (β) on the total score of the premenstrual syndrome scale and a positive increase of 0.444 units (β) on the total score of the PSQI. Conclusion: Social media addiction was found to be an effective variable in increasing premenstrual syndrome symptoms and poor sleep quality

Recovery of waste tyres by pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor for liquid fuel production: effects of pyrolysis conditions on oil yield

One of the major environmental problems around the world is disposal of waste tyres without any purpose. Disposal of waste tyres is an increasing environmental problem. Also because of high content of valuable chemicals and other compounds hidden in the waste tyres, disposal of them is an economical problem as well. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that can be used for recovery of the valuable chemicals in the waste tyre. Pyrolysis is a recycling process in which, liquid product can be used as a fuel directly or can be mixed with petroleum refined oils. Derived gaseous product can also be used as a fuel and solid product can be considered as a fuel and low grade carbon black. In this work, granulated waste tyres have been pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor under different conditions of temperature, heating rate and inert purging gas (N2) flow rate. The purpose of the study was to optimize the pyrolysis parameters in order to produce the highest amount of oil. 400C, 450C and 500C were selected and the maximum yield of liquid product was observed at 450C. Among the heating rates of 10C/min, 15C/ min and 20C/min; 10C/min was the parameter that gave maximum oil yield. And while working at 450C and 10C/min; N2(g) flow rate was examined by using 0.5 L/min, 1 L/min and 1.5 L/min. The maximum oil yield was observed at 1 L N2(g) /min. According to the results of the study; at 450C, with a heating rate of 10C/min and 1 L N2(g)/min gave the maximum yield of oil, which is 53.33 wt.%. The pyrolytic oil from waste tyre had the Gross Calorific Value of 42.6 MJ/kg which is very close to that of commercial diesel no 2 (around 42-46 MJ/kg). The pyrolytic oil produced is a promising fuel and can be used as a source of energy after some future work for make it suitable for use in vehicles or in other areas like factories or houses etc