Relationship between Social Factors and Social Health among Students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

  Introduction   The present article examines relationship between social health and social factors responsible for its increase or decrease, since health is an important factor in all societies, and is one of the most basic human needs in life. Social health, along physical and psychological health, is fundamentally important for general health. It could be shown in one's evaluation of his or her social life and its quality. So investigation about the social health of male and female students as an important social group has been the main purpose of this article. This study is based on a research in Kerman on the basis of key theories in the field of social health with five dimensions of social integration, acceptance, contribution, coherence and actuation.       Materials and Methods   The study is a survey using questionnaire along with interview with the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. It includes 375 male and female students currently studying at the university, who are selected by random classified sampling method. It is worth mentioning that different courses are selected according to the number of male and female students in each nine faculties of the University. Data are analyzed with SPSS and different statistical tests were utilized.     Discussion of Results and Conclusions   Overall, 51.2% of the selected students are female and 48.8% are male, of whom 79.7% are single with the average age of 22 and only 17% are employed.   The finding shows that the average social health among male students is slightly higher that female students and in other respects there are meaningful differences between the two sexes in a way that average social contribution among male students is higher than female students and average social actuation is higher among female students than male ones. When it comes to social coherence, they are close to each other.   Upon further examination of the data, it became clear that social trust, social contribution, accessibility of facilities and services, selfâevaluation of social class, family, marriage status, employment, place of birth and the major of the student, all are in meaningful relationships with social health. Also 54% of the changes of the variance of social health are explained by two factors of social trust and contribution.   In general it can be said that lack of contribution to social activities and lack of trust are two barriers for stepping into social settings. In such a situation, one feels that there is no common point between personal and social values and becomes indifferent and trustless regarding social norms (decline of social integration).   Therefore one feels that social fate depends on external structures and not on social components, and does not fell any potential ability for the process of evaluation (decline of social actuation). With this mentality people may feel that society is so complicated that it is difficult to understand and predict the future (decline of social coherence). Therefore positive attitude towards society and even people is distorted (decline of social acceptance).   When these attitudes are created one loses his ability and feels that he has no role in the progress and future of his society (decline of social contribution) and so his social health decreases. This results in contradiction in his personality, distortion of social behavior and expansion of fraud, social abnormalities, delinquencies, etc.   Therefore social health is an important factor in accepting social norms which enables the person to create a positive balance and avoids unfavorable responses. People who possess social health can face with life challenges and have a better function in society.   Since one of the main factors responsible for social health is social trust, we supposed that increase in social health depends on increase in trust to others and social institutions. One way to increase social health, therefore, is to present clear information, respecting rules and focusing on needs and aspirations of the young.   

The Effect of Uric Acid as a Predisposing Factor on Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Since serum uric acid is a controllable and modifiable factor in diabetic patients, identifying the risk factors and accelerating the incidence of neuropathy in these patients plays an important role, and can reduce its level, and the patient's disability, as well as additional therapeutic costs for the patient and the health system in the country. Method: In this retrospective cohort study conducted at the Golestan Hospital in 2015-2017, the study population was 100 type 2 diabetic patients based on NCS of 54 patients with polyneuropathy. First, the demographic data on clinical examinations, lab tests, and uric acid levels in these patients were recorded on a checklist. Then, in 2017, patients were reassessed for clinical investigations and lab tests, and all data entered on the previous checklist. Finally, all the data were analyzed using the SPSS v23. Results: The mean age of patients with polyneuropathy was 51.77 years, and there was a significant relationship between age, BMI and duration of diabetes with neuropathy, but there was no significant difference in gender, smoking and hypertension. The mean serum level of uric acid in the two years ago was 3.85 mg/dl, and at the time of the study, it was 4.18 ±1.55 mg/dl. There was no significant difference in serum levels of this substance after two years of follow up in patients with polyneuropathy (P=0.139). The incidence of polyneuropathy was reported by NCS findings of 54%. In other words, 54% of diabetic patients developed diabetic polyneuropathy for two years. Conclusion: Polyneuropathy is a common complication in diabetic patients, and the serum levels of uric acid over time cannot have a significant effect on the incidence of this disorder

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

A presacral mass in a patient with thalassemia intermedia: A case report and review of the literature

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is defined as the production of the myeloid and erythroid elements outside the bone marrow. It is usually a compensatory mechanism of the myeloid and erythroid production due to increased breakdown or diminished production of erythrocytes. Presacral EMH is an extremely rare condition, and there is a limited number of case reports published in the literature. A 39-year-old female patient as a known case of thalassemia intermedia presented with lower abdominal pain. A computerized tomography scan showed a large presacral mass, associated with bone destruction. The patient was admitted for exploratory laparotomy with suspicion to malignant lesions, but the final pathological diagnosis was EMH. It should be considered in differential diagnosis of mass-like lesions in the presacral area in patients with predisposing factors such as thalassemia, although there were malignant features such as bone destruction in imaging studies. Preoperative diagnostic tools such as fine needle aspiration and biopsy could help us to render the definite diagnosis and prevent unnecessary operation

No Relationship between Serum and Salivary β2-Microglobulin Levels in A Sample of Adult Diabetic Men with Chronic Kidney Disease without Renal Replacement Therapy

Objective: Β2-microglobulin (β2M) associated amyloidosis is an inevitable complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Testing β2M in the blood is invasive and expensive. On the other hand, oral fluid is a perfect medium to be explored for public health and disease surveillance. However, it has never been studied if salivary concentration of β2M reflects its concentration in the serum. The current study; therefore, aimed to examine the relationship between salivary and serum β2M in a sample of adult diabetic men with CKD. Materials and Methods: Among diabetic patients referred to the Nephrology Department of The Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz due to CKD, 40 men not requiring renal replacement therapy were consecutively recruited for this cross-sectional study. Patients were excluded if they had any disease or were using any drugs that might affect the oral mucosa or saliva. The concentration of β2M was measured in both serum and saliva. The correlation between serum and salivary β2M was measured by calculating spearman’s ρ. Results: The Spearman’s ρ for correlation between serum and salivary β2M was -0.017 (p=0.917), indicating lack of correlation. Serum and salivary creatinine (Spearman’s ρ=0.54; p value<0.001) as well as serum and salivary urea nitrogen levels (Spearman’s ρ=0.39; p value=0.014) were correlated. Conclusion: Salivary β2M levels poorly agreed with serum β2M levels, and thus may not be used as a surrogate for serum β2M in CKD patients who did not require replacement therap

The Relationship between Metabolic Control and Growth in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Southwest of Iran

Background. Metabolic control is an important factor in growth of children with type I diabetes. This study assessed the relationship between growth and metabolic control in such children. Materials and Methods. 83 children with diabetes were studied. They were examined for weight and height gain and HbA1C was quantified every 3 months for one year. The growth process was studied in patients who were divided into 3 groups according to their HbA1C amounts, consisting of good, intermediate, and poor metabolic control. Results. Mean age of cases was 7.6 ± 2. The presenting sign at the onset of disease was diabetic ketoacidosis in 44.6%. The average HbA1C amount was 8.89%. The average weight SDS at diagnosis was −0.18 and at the end of the study was 0.45 (P<0.001). The average height SDS at diagnosis was −0.04 and at the end of the study was −0.07 (P=0.64). A significant difference in weight SDS changes was only seen between patients with good and poor metabolic control (P=0.04). Conclusion. Poor metabolic control can decrease height growth but has minimal influence on weight. Metabolic control was not the only predictive factor of physical growth in children with diabetes

Energy and Protein Intake and Its Relationship with Pulmonary Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a public health problem worldwide. Increased energy and protein needs, decreased energy and protein intake are common in COPD patients. Adequate intake is essential to improve pulmonary function and immune system, prevention of weight loss and maintaining muscle mass and strength. Assessment of energy and protein intake and its relationship with pulmonary function in COPD patients was performed in this study. The study group included 63 COPD patients. For all subjects, evaluation of energy and protein intake by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour recall, spirometry for measuring pulmonary function and determining disease severity were performed. The subjects were divided into three groups based on disease severity according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages. Relationship between energy and protein intake with pulmonary function was assessed. Energy and protein intake were lower than the calculated energy and protein demand for all groups. Significant relationship was found between the amount of protein intake extrapolated from food frequency questionnaire with Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (r=0.2, P=0.02) and Vital Capacity (VC) (r=0.3, P=0.008). The results of the study suggest that accurate evaluation of protein and energy intake and requirements should be included in the goals of medical treatment of COPD patients

Clinical prognostic value of the SMYD2/3 as new epigenetic biomarkers in solid cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

SET and MYND domain-containing protein (SMYD) family with methyltransferase activity is involved in cancer progression. This novel meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of SMYD family with the clinical and survival outcomes in solid cancer patients