Midenin glomus tümörü

Altmış dört yaşında erkek hasta masif üst gastrointestinal sistem kanaması ile acil servise başvurdu. Distal gastrektomi uygulanan hastada ameliyat sırasında antral bölge küçük kurvaturda submukozal yerleşimli, 2.4 cm çapında, iyi sınırlı bir kitle palpe edildi. Kitlenin histopatolojik incelemesinde, düzensiz dallanan, ince duvarlı damarların arasında yuvalanmalar, kordonlar ve tabakalar oluşturan berrak sitoplazmalı uniform tümör hücreleri görüldü. İmmünohistokimyasal olarak vimentin ve SMA ile pozitif; sitokeratin, CD34, sinaptofizin, kromogranin A, NSE, CD117 (C-kit) ve S-100 protein ile negatif sonuç elde edildi. Elektron mikroskopik olarak berrak sitoplazmalı, kaba kromatinli yuvarlak nukleusa sahip hücrelerinin damar yapıları etrafı nda gruplar oluşturdukları görüldü. Klinik bulgular, makroskopik görünüm, tümör paterni, immünohistokimyasal ve elektron mikroskopik bulgular glomus tümörü ile uyumlu bulundu.A sixty-four-year old male patient presented to the emergency room with massive upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. During distal gastrectomy, a submucosal, well demarcated mass with a diameter of 2.4 cm was palpable in the antral region of the lesser curvature. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed uniform tumor cells with clear cytoplasms and round nuclei, forming nests, strands and sheets between dense, irregularly branching, thin-walled vessels. Immunohistochemistry was positive for vimentin and SMA and negative for cytokeratin, CD34, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, NSE, CD117 (C-kit) and S-100 protein. Electron microscopy demonstrated tumor cells with clear cytoplasms and round nuclei with coarsely dispersed chromatin, forming groups around vascular structures. Clinical findings, gross appearance, tumor pattern, immunohistochemical findings and electronmicroscopic findings were all consistent with a glomus tumo

Anthrax in Eastern Turkey, 1992–2004

We investigated animal and human anthrax cases during a 13-year period in eastern Turkey. From 1992 to 2004, a total of 464 animal and 503 human anthrax cases were detected. Most cases occurred in summer. Anthrax remains a health problem in eastern Turkey, and preventive measures should be taken

Mask-Related Headache Among Health Workers During COVID-19 Pandemics: Study from Somalia

Aim: After the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), new headaches have been reported to develop or worsen among healthcare workers who regularly wear personal protective equipments. In this study, we investigated the possible relationship between de-novo (new-onset) headache features associated with the mask used and pre-existing and exacerbated headaches. It is the first study on this subject on behalf of Somalia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Mogadishu COVID-19 pandemic hospital, Somalia, with volunteer healthcare workers. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Participants were asked 15 questions in the survey and Pearson-chi-square test was used as statistics. Results: This study was conducted with 200 healthcare workers working in the hospital, 114 (57%) were male, 86 (43%) were female, and the mean age was 28. Participants 90 (45%) used surgical masks, 32 (16%) filtered masks (N95), 78 (39%) both; majority of 109 (54.5%) wore masks for more than 6 hours a day. Pre-existing headache was reported by78(39%) of the subjects. 55(70%) of those with pre-existing headache reported aggravation of their headache. Statistically significant relationship was found between duration of mask use and aggravation of pre-existing headache. De-novo headache characteristics were throbbing 21(20%), pressing 31(29%), unilateral 19(18%), and 35(33%) bilateral. A statistically significant relationship was also found between the duration of use of face mask and the development of de-novo headache, regardless of mask type. Conclusion: As per our study, prolonged use of face masks during COVID-19 pandemics was associated with de-novo headaches and exacerbation of pre-existing headache. This situation, which has caused complaints as healthcare professionals and some patients continue to wear masks, will continue to be investigated

Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Single and Combined Abiotic Stress in Stress-Tolerant and Stress-Sensitive Potato Genotypes

Potato production is often constrained by abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures which are often present in combination. In the present work, we aimed to identify key mechanisms and processes underlying single and combined abiotic stress tolerance by comparative analysis of tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Physiological data indicated that the cultivars Desiree and Unica were stress tolerant while Agria and Russett Burbank were stress susceptible. Abiotic stress caused a greater reduction of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the susceptible cultivars which was associated with a lower leaf transpiration rate. Oxidative stress, as estimated by the accumulation of malondialdehyde was not induced by stress treatments in any of the genotypes with the exception of drought stress in Russett Burbank. Stress treatment resulted in increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity in all cultivars except Agria which increased catalase activity in response to stress. Transcript profiling highlighted a decrease in the abundance of transcripts encoding proteins associated with PSII light harvesting complex in stress tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, stress tolerant cultivars accumulated fewer transcripts encoding a type-1 metacaspase implicated in programmed cell death. Stress tolerant cultivars exhibited stronger expression of genes associated with plant growth and development, hormone metabolism and primary and secondary metabolism than stress susceptible cultivars. Metabolite profiling revealed accumulation of proline in all genotypes following drought stress that was partially suppressed in combined heat and drought. On the contrary, the sugar alcohols inositol and mannitol were strongly accumulated under heat and combined heat and drought stress while galactinol was most strongly accumulated under drought. Combined heat and drought also resulted in the accumulation of Valine, isoleucine, and lysine in all genotypes. These data indicate that single and multiple abiotic stress tolerance in potato is associated with a maintenance of CO2 assimilation and protection of PSII by a reduction of light harvesting capacity. The data further suggests that stress tolerant cultivars suppress cell death and maintain growth and development via fine tuning of hormone signaling, and primary and secondary metabolism. This study highlights potential targets for the development of stress tolerant potato cultivars

Relationships between trace elements and cognitive and depressive behaviors in sprague dawley and wistar albino rats

Introduction: This study investigates the effects of social isolation on mental health and cognitive functions in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Wistar Albino (WIS) rat strains, prompted by the heightened awareness of such impacts amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the impact of social isolation on memory, learning, and behavioral changes in middle-aged SD and WIS rat strains and to investigate cortical trace element levels, seeking potential correlations between these levels and the observed behavioral responses to social isolation.Methods: Four groups of 14-month-old male rats were established: control and isolated SDs and WIS rats (CONT-SD, ISO-SD, CONT-WIS, ISO-WIS). Morris Water Maze and Porsolt Forced Swimming tests were conducted for behavioral assessment. Following behavioral tests, rats were sacrificed under general anesthesia, and cortices were isolated for analysis of macro and trace element levels (ICP/MS).Results: In behavioral tests, CONT-SD rats exhibited superior performance in the Morris Water Maze test compared to CONT-WIS rats, but displayed increased depressive behaviors following social isolation, as evident in the Porsolt Forced Swimming test (p < 0.05). ISO-SD rats showed elevated levels of Co and Cu, along with reduced levels of Cs and As, compared to ISO-WIS rats. Moreover, isolation resulted in decreased Cu and Mo levels but increased Rb levels in WIS rats. Comparison of trace element levels in naïve groups from different strains revealed lower Zn levels in the WIS group compared to SD rats.Discussion: The findings suggest that the SD strain learns faster, but is more susceptible to depression after isolation compared to the WIS strain. Increased Co and Cu levels in ISO-SD align with previous findings, indicating potential trace element involvement in stress responses. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for preventive treatment strategies or therapeutic targets against the consequences of stressors, contributing to research and measures promoting a balanced diet to mitigate neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with social isolation in the future

Hiperimmun Serumlarda Mycoplasma Sp.'nin Pcr, Lamp Ve Bakteriyolojik Kültür İle Belirlenmesi

Amaç: Bu araştırmada yenidoğanların tedavi ve koruması amacıyla üretilen hiperimmun sığır serumlarında mikoplazmaların belirlenmesi için bakteriyolojik kültür, PCR ve LAMP yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada bakteriyel antijenlerle immunize edilen donör sığırlardan elde edilen ham serumlar, bunların çeşitli işlemlerden geçirilen final ürünleri ve deneysel kontamine edilmiş serum örnekleri kullanıldı. Mikoplazma tanısı için bakteriyolojik kültür, DNA ekstraksiyon, PCR ve LAMP yöntemleri deneysel olarak kontamine edilen serum örneklerinde optimize edildi ve karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Deneysel olarak kontamine edilen sığır hiperimmun serum örneklerinde bakteriyolojik kültür ve PCR en az 103, LAMP ise en az 104 mikoplazmayı tespit etti. Örneklerden DNA ekstraksiyonunda fenol-kloroform-izoamilalkol yöntemi diğer ticari kitlere göre daha üstün bulundu. Donör hayvanlardan alınan ham serum örneklerinin %41.6’sı PCR ile, %25’i LAMP ile mikoplazmalar yönünden pozitif bulundu. Bakteriyolojik kültür yönteminde ise örneklerin hiçbirisinden mikoplazma izole edilemedi. Filtrasyon sonrası örneklerin hiçbirinde hiçbir yöntemle etken saptanmadı. Sonuç: PCR ve bakteriyolojik kültürün hiperimmun serumlardaki Mikoplazma kontaminasyonunu saptamada en duyarlı yöntemler olduğu sonucuna varıldı. LAMP yönteminin duyarlılığının ve tekrarlanabilirliğinin diğer iki yönteme göre düşük olduğu anlaşıldı. Çalışma sonuçları ayrıca, ticari serum üretiminde mikoplazma kontaminasyonunun göz önünde bulundurulması ve son ürüne filtrasyon uygulanması gerektiğini gösterdi.KABUL VE ONAY i TEŞEKKÜR ii İÇİNDEKİLER iii SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ v RESİMLER DİZİNİ vii TABLOLAR DİZİNİ viii ÖZET ix ABSTRACT x 1. GİRİŞ 1 2. GENEL BİLGİLER 2 2.1. Mycoplasmatacae Familyası 2 2.2. Mikoplazma Enfeksiyonları 6 2.3. Pasif İmmunizasyon 8 2.4. Mikoplazma Kontaminasyonları 12 2.5. Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu 15 2.6. Döngü Aracılı İzotermal Amplifikasyon 18 3. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM 19 3.1. Gereç 19 3.1.1. Besiyerleri 19 3.1.2. PCR’da Kullanılan Solüsyonlar 20 3.1.2.1. TBE Buffer 20 3.1.2.2. Gel Loading Buffer 20 3.1.3. PCR ve LAMP Primerleri 20 3.1.4. DNA Polimeraz Enzimi ve Master Mix 24 3.1.4.1. Bst DNA Polimeraz Enzimi 24 3.1.4.2. SYBR Green 24 3.1.5. Agaroz Jel 24 3.1.6. Marker 24 3.1.7. Kullanılan Cihazlar 25 3.1.8. Hiperimmun Serum ve Çalışma Örnekleri 25 3.1.9. Pozitif ve Negatif Kontrol……………………………………………………………...25 3.2. Yöntem 26 3.2.1. Analiz Yöntemleri ve Örnekler 26 3.2.3. Bakteriyolojik Kültür ile İdentifikasyon 28 3.2.4. Moleküler İdentifikasyon 29 3.2.4.1. PCR Optimizasyon Çalışmaları 29 3.2.4.1.1. DNA Ekstraksiyon Optimizasyon Çalışmaları 29 3.2.4.2. DNA Ekstraksiyonu 30 3.2.4.3. DNA’nın Elektroforezi ve Saflık Kontrolü 31 3.2.4.4. Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu 31 3.2.4.5. Döngü Aracılı İzotermal Amplifikasyon 32 4. BULGULAR 34 4.1. Bakteriyolojik Kültür ile Kontaminasyon Tespiti 34 4.2. DNA Ekstraksiyon Optimizasyon Çalışma Bulguları 37 4.3. Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyon Bulguları 39 4.4. Döngü Aracılı İzotermal Amplifikasyon Analiz Bulguları 43 5. TARTIŞMA 49 6. SONUÇ 55 KAYNAKLAR……………………………………………………………………………….56 ÖZGEÇMİŞ…………………………………………………………………………………..6

Investigation of the Rail-Induced Vibrations on a Masonry Historical Building

Increasingly historic masonry buildings are subjected to higher levels of traffic and rail vibrations due to urbanization and population growth. Deterioration and destabilisation of these buildings may result, especially if they were previously damaged (e.g. earthquakes or settlement problems). To better understand building response, vibration measurements were conducted on the Little Hagia Sophia Mosque, located adjacent to Istanbul’s Sirkeci-Halkali railway line. Transport-induced vibrations were recorded at several points on the ground and building. Attenuation characteristics in the ground and amplification features on the building were examined. Peak particle velocities often exceeded previously established thresholds for human perception and in some cases for structural damage. These are evaluated with respect to the building’s condition.Deposited by bulk impor

1990-2008 yılları arasında kasko hasar ödemelerinin Türk Ekonomisindeki yeri

ÖZET“1990 – 2008 Yılları Arasında Kasko Hasar Ödemelerinin Türk Ekonomisindeki Yeri” isimli çalışmamızda, ekonomik yönden kasko prim ödemelerinin ve hasar kayıplarının GSYİH’ YA pozitif ve negatif etkileri rakamsal olarak incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak risk ve sigorta prensipleri incelenmiştir. Burada sigortanın özellikleriyle sigorta işlemlerinin ortaya çıkmasındaki risk durumların, sigortanın temel işleyişi ve aracıları hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur. Daha sonra bir sigorta türü olarak kasko, yapısı, özellikleri ve hasar uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Burada kasko sigortasının tanımı ve sınırlamaları, kasko sigortasında teminata dahil edilen ve edilmeyen riskler, sigorta türleri ve hasar tespitleri hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur.Son olarak ise Türk Sigorta Sektörünün 1990–2008 yılları arasındaki kasko primleri ve hasar ödemelerinin ekonomideki yeri incelenmiştir. Burada Türk Sigorta Sektörünün makro planda gelişimi ve Türk Sigorta Sektörü içerisindeki kurumlar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca 1990 yılından başlayarak 2008 yılına kadar kasko primlerinin ekonomik yapısı sunulmuştur ve hasarların ekonomik yapısı yine bu yıllar arasında incelenerek bir dABSTRACTIn this study named “The Place of Automobile Damage Insurance Payments in Turkish Economy between 1990-2008”, with economical view and in figures, the positive and negative effects of the automobile premium payments and losses through damages to the Gross National Products is examined and evaluated.With this purpose, firstly risk and insurance principals are examined. In this section, information is given about insurance clauses, risk cases where insurance transactions come out, and how insurance works in principle and intermediaries. Later, as a kind of insurance automobile insurance, its structure and properties and damage practises were examined. Here, information about definition of automobile insurance, its restrictions, risks covered and uncovered in the insurance policy, types of insurances and assessment of damages were presented.In the last section, the place of both automobile insurance premiums in Turkish Insurance Sector between 1990-2008 and damage payments in economoy are examined. Here the development of Turkish Insurance Sector in macro plan and institutions inside the sector are examined. Furthermore, beginning with 1990 until 2008 economical structure of of atomobile insurance premiums is presented. Economical structure of damages in these years is also examined and evaluated. eğerlendirmeye gidilmiştir.ABSTRACTIn this study named “The Place of Automobile Damage Insurance Payments in Turkish Economy between 1990-2008”, with economical view and in figures, the positive and negative effects of the automobile premium payments and losses through damages to the Gross National Products is examined and evaluated.With this purpose, firstly risk and insurance principals are examined. In this section, information is given about insurance clauses, risk cases where insurance transactions come out, and how insurance works in principle and intermediaries. Later, as a kind of insurance automobile insurance, its structure and properties and damage practises were examined. Here, information about definition of automobile insurance, its restrictions, risks covered and uncovered in the insurance policy, types of insurances and assessment of damages were presented.In the last section, the place of both automobile insurance premiums in Turkish Insurance Sector between 1990-2008 and damage payments in economoy are examined. Here the development of Turkish Insurance Sector in macro plan and institutions inside the sector are examined. Furthermore, beginning with 1990 until 2008 economical structure of of atomobile insurance premiums is presented. Economical structure of damages in these years is also examined and evaluated