On Free Pseudo-Product Fundamental Graded Lie Algebras

In this paper we first state the classification of the prolongations of complex free fundamental graded Lie algebras. Next we introduce the notion of free pseudo-product fundamental graded Lie algebras and study the prolongations of complex free pseudo-product fundamental graded Lie algebras. Furthermore we investigate the automorphism group of the prolongation of complex free pseudo-product fundamental graded Lie algebras

PARABOLIC GEOMETRIES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF FINITE TYPE

We present here classes of parabolic geometries arising naturally from Seashi’s principle to form good classes of linear differential equations of finite type, which generalize the cases of second and third order ODE for scalar function. We will explicitly describe the symbols of these differential equations. The model equations of these classes admit nonlinear contact transformations and their symmetry algebras (the Lie algebra of infinitesimal contact transformations preserving these equations) become finite dimensional and simple

Dressed Photon-phonon Technology for Ultra Flat Surface

A reduction of the surface roughness, Ra, is required in various applications including electronic devic-es and / or optical devices. Although chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) has been used to flatten the sur-faces, it is generally limited to reducing Ra to about 2 Å because the polishing pad roughness is as large as 10 m, and the polishing-particle diameters in the slurry are as large as 100 nm. We therefore developed a new polishing method, dressed-photon and phonon etching (DPP etching), that uses dressed photon based on an autonomous phonon-assisted process. DPP etching does not use any polishing pad, with which we obtained ultra-flat silica surface with angstrom-scale average roughness as small as Ra of 0.1 nm. Addi-tionally, we succeeded in reduction of the Ra for the three-dimensional structures. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3526

Evaluation of the discrete energy levels of individual ZnO nanorod single-quantum-well structures using near-field ultraviolet photoluminescence spectroscopy

Spatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence imaging of individual ZnO/ZnMgO nanorod single-quantum-well structures (SQWs) with a spatial resolution of 55 nm was performed using the optical near-field technique with a metallized UV fiber probe. Using excitation power density-dependent photoluminescence spectra of a ZnO/ZnMgO SQW nanorod, we observed the discrete energy levels in a ZnO quantum-well layer. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.open112930sciescopu

Biochemical analyses of lipids deposited on silicone hydrogel lenses

AbstractPurposeThis study was performed to determine the levels of lipids deposited on in vivo worn silicone hydrogel lenses.MethodsThree silicone hydrogel materials, galyfilcon A, senofilcon A, and asmofilcon A, were worn for 2 weeks by 35 normal subjects. Total lipid deposition was determined by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction. Cholesterol was estimated by a colorimetric probe through enzymatic oxidation. Phospholipid level was estimated by determining phosphorus with ammonium molybdate through enzymatic digestion.ResultsThe total lipid content recovered from galyfilcon A, senofilcon A, and asmofilcon A was 32.9 ± 33.8, 42.1 ± 14.0, and 36.6 ± 31.9 μg/lens, respectively. The cholesterol content recovered from galyfilcon A, senofilcon A, and asmofilcon A was 26.2 ± 26.9, 28.6 ± 19.4, and 31.1 ± 21.1 μg/lens, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in total lipids and cholesterol among the contact lens types. However, the quantity of phospholipid recovered from the asmofilcon A (7.0 ± 5.5 μg/lens) lenses was significantly higher than from galyfilcon A (1.1 ± 0.8 μg/lens) and senofilcon A (2.4 ± 0.8 mg/lens) lenses (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test).ConclusionsThe quantity of total lipid and cholesterol deposited on the 3 silicone hydrogel lenses tested did not differ. However, there were significant differences in the amounts of phospholipid deposited among the 3 silicone hydrogel lenses, of which clinical significance should be explored in the future study

Near-field measurement of spectral anisotropy and optical absorption of isolated ZnO nanorod single-quantum-well structures

We report low-temperature near-field spectroscopy of isolated ZnO/ZnMgO single-quantum-well structures (SQWs) on the end of ZnO nanorod to define their potential for nanophotonics. First, absorption spectra of isolated ZnO/ZnMgO nanorod SQWs with the Stokes shift as small as 3 meV and very sharp photoluminescent peaks indicate that the nanorod SQWs are of very high optical quality. Furthermore, we performed polarization spectroscopy of isolated ZnO SQWs, and observed valence-band anisotropy of ZnO SQWs in photoluminescence spectra directly. Since the exciton in a quantum structure is an ideal two-level system with long coherence times, our results provide criteria for designing nanophotonic devices. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.open111828sciescopu