The Middle East amid Global Multipolarity: The Emergence of New Actors in the Region involving the BRICS Countries

Political instability and riots happening in many Arab countries coincided with the expansion of BRICS. These five countries are among the most powerful countries in the international arena and their opinions are of paramount importance since all members of the Security Council of the United Nations, China and Russia are permanent members and Brazil, India and Africa South are not permanent members, but are seeking permanent representation for greater influence in the world. The ongoing reorganization of the political landscape in the Middle East and North Africa opened new space for the BRICS to the international prestige on responding to this turmoil. The big changes are now being caused not by victories on the battlefield or new geopolitical alignments, but by a single factor in our modern world - rapid economic growth, which will profoundly impact the International Relations and International Security

Artificial Intelligence and the Silent Pandemic of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Comprehensive Exploration

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the 21st century has made it a worldwide disaster. Due to the fast spread of AMR illnesses and the lack of novel antimicrobials, the silent pandemic is well known. This issue requires a fast and meaningful response, not just speculation. To address this dilemma, deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) have become essential in many sectors. As a cornerstone of modern research, machine learning helps handle the many aspects of AMR. AI helps researchers construct clinical decision-support systems by collecting clinical data. These methods enable antimicrobial resistance monitoring and wise use. Additionally, AI applications help research new drugs. AI also excels at synergistic medicine combinations, providing new treatment methods. This paper summarizes our extensive study of AI and the silent epidemic of antibiotic resistance. Through deep learning and machine learning applications across multiple dimensions, we hope to contribute to the proactive management of AMR, moving away from its presentation as a future problem to present-day solutions

Plastic Surgeries as Part of the Culture Industry in Jordanian Society: A Qualitative Study in the City of Amman

The study aimed to identify the reason why females tend to perform plastic surgeries for cosmetic purposes and to identify the social and economic characteristics of the study sample. The study population included females who had at least one cosmetic surgery in Amman. The qualitative approach was used in this study. The study results were based on the following: an effect on the psychological factor, age, scientific and technological development which led to low risk, Media, and means of communication. Social, stereotypical society, friends, relatives and the surrounding environment in increasing the turnout of girls and their orientation towards cosmetic surgery, while there was no trace of each resemblance to a certain figure and the job title to guide the young and attract them to perform beautification.The study also recommended the following: create programs about the risks of plastic surgeries to raise awareness among people, further studies on plastic surgery, as there is a lack of Arabic sources, research and studies on this subject, as there are no statistics for plastic surgeries in Jordan

Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Level and Associated Factors Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Jimma Zone Government Health Facilities, ART Clinics, South-west Ethiopia

Optimal and strict adherence to Antiretroviral Viral Therapy a need for over the long period to achieve the goals of ART and obtain maximum benefits of ART. However, PLWHA find it very difficult to take ARVs drug as precisely as they should for a number of reasons. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the level of antiretroviral therapy adherence and identifying possible associated factors for ART adherence behavior in Jimma zone government ART facilities. A facility based cross-sectional study was  conducted in the ART clinics of Jimma zone governmental health facilities in which ARV treatment supplied from November 25/2015 – February 30/2016 for a period of 4 months. 352 adult PLWHA (190 female and 162 male) ranged in age from 15-62 years (Mean=37.1, SD= 8.95), with 100% response rate, were our study participants. Binary logistic regression was used to perform bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the association between study variables and ART adherence status. 259(73.6%) participants were adherent (>=95%) and 93(26.4%) were non-adherent (<95%) to the prescribed dose of ARV drugs over the past seven days prior to the interview. The main reasons for skipping the prescribed ARV drugs were, busyness (78.5%), having too many pills (71%), felt depressed (68.8%), taking the drugs reminded HIV infected (66.7%), did not want other see (62.4%), and felt asleep(60.2%). The last stepwise regression analysis revealed that, educational status, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, use of additional drugs and access to reliable pharmacy were significantly associated with ART adherence status. So, efforts to maximize ART adherence should focus on addressing these associated significant factors

Extraction of Jatropha Curcas Non – Edible Oil

In this work studies were carried out to produce biodiesel from crude Jatropha Curcas oil has high free fatty acid content. Due to its high free fatty acid content, the crude Jatropha Curcas oil was processed in two steps. During the first step the free fatty acid content of Crude Jatropha Oil was reduced to less than 2% in one hour at 60°C using methanol to oil molar ratio and 2%w/w of oil of H2SO4 After the reaction, the mixture was allowed to settle for two hours and the top layer of methanol-water mixture was removed. The second step was alkali catalyzed Transesterification using methanol to oil molar ratio of 1:5 and the catalyst to oil ratio of 0.55% w/w to produce biodiesel from the product of the first step at 60°C.The maximum yield of biodiesel was 93% v/v of Crude Jatropha Oil which was more than the biodiesel yield (53%) from the one step catalytic Transesterification

Serum biochemistry parameters in the Omani racing Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Blood samples were collected from thirty, 2-year old female Arabian camels from the eastern region of Oman. Camels were managed in the traditional way in the Arabian Gulf region, primarily fed fresh alfalfa and barley grain. Blood was drawn into serum vaccutainers from jugular venipuncture. Serum samples were analyzed by spectrophotometric analysis using a CX7/CX7 serum chemistry analyzer (Synchron, Beckman). Means, standard deviations and minimum and maximum values were calculated using Excel spreadsheets on Microsoft Office 2007. The SAS (2000) package was used to produce coefficient of determination (R2) between the eight serum mineral values. The following mean values Å} standard deviation were recorded: glucose: 92.8Å}19.2 mg/dL; total protein (TP): 6.17 Å} 0.34 g/dL; albumin: 32.21 Å} 9.933 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 15.48 Å} 4.49 mg/dL; creatinine: 1.64 Å} 0.238 mg/dL; uric acid: 0.28 Å} 0.041 mg/dL; total globulins (TG): 0.28 Å} 0.041 mg/dL; cholesterol: 40.52 Å} 13.225 mg/dL; total bilirubin: 0.34Å}0.124 mg/dL; alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 113.9Å}29.75 (IU/L); aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 88.8Å}70.03 (IU/L); alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 13.3Å}5.97 (IU/L); Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT): 21.3Å}10.18 (IU/L); lactate dehydrogenase (LD); 419.9Å}160.38 (IU/L); Creatine kinase (CK): 46.3Å}16.2 (IU/L); sodium (Na): 144.5Å}5.80 mmol/L; potassium (K): 4.23Å}0.42 mmol/L; calcium (Ca): 9.63Å}0.43; phosphorus (P): 9.56?Å}0.76 mg/dL; iron (Fe): 107.8Å}25.54 μg/dl; copper (Cu): 72.5Å}8.08 μg/dl; chlorine (Cl): 113.0Å}4.52 mmol/L. Findings of the current study provide baseline values that may be used by clinicians for racing camels in Oman. There were some significant correlations especially between macro minerals (Na, Ca, K, and P) that may be used to estimate their values with less cost by reducing the number of elements to be analyzed

Review of an Accurate System Utilizing GPS Technology

GPS provides precise position and control data anywhere on the planet and in any weather condition. GPS was originally intended for military usage, but in the 1980s, the US Department of Defense made it available for civilian use. The scientific applications of GPS in the military, community, and commercial sectors are expanding on a regular basis. Agriculture, construction, mining, measurement, package delivery, and logistical supply chain management all benefit from GPS technology. Precision GPS time synchronization is critical for big networks, navigation, finance systems, financial markets, and power grids. Wireless services are impossible to imagine without them. In this paper, we will go over the key aspects of GPS technology as well as a discussion of the systems that use it

An overview of hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutant in the Asia Pacific

Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious health problem worldwide, and more than 350 million people are chronic carriers, constituting a major global threat. Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific have the highest levels of endemicity in the world, with an estimated seroprevalence ranging between 2% and 31%. Mutations in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been reported in many parts of the world but are most common in Asian infants; such mutants have several clinical effects, such as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostic failures by commercial assays have reduced the diagnostic effectiveness of HBsAg detection. For example the substitution of an amino acid in the major hydrophilic region of the S gene reduces the binding of hepatitis B surface antibodies leading to immune escape. The safety of blood transfusion may be compromised by current screening tests due to escape from being neutralised by antibodies induced by HBsAg mutants, and undetectable levels of viral surface protein. Data on the epidemiology of HBsAg mutation in Asia Pacific are scant; however, this manuscript has reviewed the available information on the epidemiology of HBsAg mutation in Asia Pacific