The analysis of the factors that affect the theater demand

Bu çalısmada tiyatroya gelen izleyicinin profili ve tiyatro talebini etkileyen faktörler arastırılmıstır. Bu arastırma, alanında yapılan ilk çalısmalardan biridir. Arastırma kapsamında, Van Devlet Tiyatrosuna oyun izlemek için gelen izleyicilerin demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik profilini, tiyatroya gelme sıklıklarını ve gelememe nedenlerini belirleyen faktörleri ortaya çıkarmak için bir anket formu hazırlanmıstır ve 22 sorudan olusan anketler izleyiciler tarafından doldurulmustur. Seyircilerin tiyatro talebinin siddeti, sıralanmıs logit regresyonuyla analiz edilmistir. Bunun sonucunda gelir, yas, cinsiyet, meslek, eğitim durumu, evin tiyatroya olan mesafesi, oyun çesidi, günde ne kadar televizyon izlediği, tiyatroya toplu bilet alarak mı geldiği gibi çesitli değiskenlerin tiyatro talebini etkileyip etkilemediği arastırılmaya çalısılmıstır. Sinemanın tiyatroya katılımı olumlu yönde etkilediği, tiyatroya olan fiziksel uzaklığın, toplu satıs biletlerinin katılımı olumsuz yönde etkilediği ve sanat eğitiminin tiyatroya katılımı artırdığı görülmüstür. Ayrıca gelirin, sanat eğitimi alma olasılığını arttırdığı sonucuna ulasılmıstır. This study analyzes the factors that affect theater demand and the profile of the audiences in Van State Theater. A survey consists of 22 questions, is conducted to understand and investigate the socio-economic, demographic structure of the audiences in Van. The ordered logistic regression was run to capture frequency of the theater demand. We found that the attendance to the cinema affects the attendance to the theater in the positive way. Also we observed that the distance to the theater and the whole sale tickets affect the theater demand negatively. Additionally, it was determined that art education increased the attendance to the theater. The income is correlated with art education in positive way

The Impact of R&D Expenditures on Economic Growth in Türkiye: New Evidence from Machine Learning Method

Purpose: This study analyzes the impacts of R&D expenditures on economic growth in Türkiye. Methodology: In this study, we explore the impact of R&D expenditure on economic growth in Türkiye. Annual time series from 1990 to 2021 are considered for this research examination based on the data availability. R&D expenditure, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, gross fixed capital formation, labor force, and tertiary ratio variables are used for the analysis and obtained from the World Bank. Based on machine learning, analyses were conducted using the Kernel Regularized Least Square method. Findings: The empirical analysis using KRLS shows that higher spending on research and development leads to a significant boost in economic growth. Furthermore, labor force participation, school enrolment (tertiary) ratio, and gross fixed capital formation are all significantly and positively associated with economic growth in Türkiye. Originality: The contribution of the paper is twofold: (1) it provides new scientific evidence based on the machine learning econometric method, the Kernel Regularized Least Square (KRLS); (2) many papers in the literature have only examined the relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth, without controlling for other variables. We have used possible control variables such as labor force participation rate, school enrolment (tertiary) ratio, and gross fixed capital formation, which are also linked to economic growth models

The combined S velocity achieved from tricuspid annulus and pulmonary annulus with tissue Doppler imaging could predict the proximal right coronary artery occlusion in patients with inferior myocardial infarction

Aim: To investigate if combined S velocity (CSV) calculated from tricuspid annulus and pulmonary annulus with tissue Doppler imaging in individuals with acute inferior myocardial infarction were linked to proximal RCA lesions. Methods: The study comprised 48 patient who had been diagnosed with acute inferior myocardial infarction and had culprit lesions in the right coronary artery. The RCA occlusion in Group A was proximal to the right ventricular branch, while the RCA occlusion in Group B was distant to the RV branch. The combined S velocity was tested, as well as other echocardiographic parameters. Results: In terms of metrics indicating right ventricular function, there were substantial disparities between the groups. A favorable association was established in the univariate correlation analysis between CSV and tissue Doppler imaging derived tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (St), pulmonary annulus motion velocity evaluated by TDI (PAMVUT), RV tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and fractional area change (FAC). CSV was identified as an independent predictor of proximal RCA occlusion in a multivariate logistic regression test. In the ROC analysis, CSV<18.3 cm/s and PAMVUT<8.6 cm/s indicated proximal RCA occlusion with 83 percent sensitivity and 71 percent specificity (AUC=0.83, p<0.001), and 85 percent sensitivity and 71 percent specificity (AUC=0.81, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: CSV measurements were revealed to be an important predictor of proximal RCA occlusions in this investigation

Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio is associated with Ascending Aorta Dilatation in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Background: The importance of monocyte count-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (MHR) in cardio- vascular diseases has been shown in various studies. Ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) is a common complication in the patients with bicuspid aortic valve. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between MHR and the presence of aortic dilatation in the patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Methods: The study population included totally 347 patients with bicuspid aortic valve.169 patients with aortic dilatation (ascending aorta diameter 65 4.0 cm) and 178 patients with no aortic dilatation. Echocardiographic and laboratory measurement was done and compared between groups. Results: The mean age of the participants was 44.7 \ub1 15.4 years and average ascending aorta diameter was 3.2 \ub1 0.3 cm in dilatation negative group and 4.4 \ub1 0.4 cm in positive group. MHR was significantly increased in in patients with aortic dilatation. MHR and uric acid level was independently associated with the presence of aortic dilatation in the patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between MHR and aortic dilatation in the patients with bicuspid aortic valve

Essays on political economy in Turkey

This thesis is composed by three essays and applies econometric methods to analyse different economic research questions. The first essay (chapter 1) studies the effect of Turkish public television on the voting behaviour of people in the early years of television broadcasting in Turkey. The second essay (chapter 2) analyses the intergovernmental grant allocation in Turkey to shed light discussion whether political motivations play role while central government transfers money to municipalities. The third essay (chapter 3) investigates the phenomenon of flypaper effect and its relation to the local tax effort, by using a new panel data set which consists of all province and district municipalities in Turkey. The first essay estimates the effect of television broadcasting on the vote shares of main political parties and voter turnout in 1970s. We particularly focus on main left wing party (Republican Peoples’ Party, RPP) and right wing party (Justice Party, JP) in 1969 and 1977 elections. Our main hypothesis is that television news content was biased in favour of the incumbent party in government due to the law which allows government to appoint general-director of the Turkish State Television Company (TRT). Hence Left ideological director-generals were appointed to the Turkish State Television Company in the first years of broadcasting. As a result of this, a left wing party, RPP, enjoyed this fact by increasing their vote shares in the elections in 1977; however the main right-wing party, JP, witnessed the vote shares to decrease in the same elections. Therefore we find that television reception influences the voting behaviour of the citizens. An estimation result also shows that voter turnout decreases with the introduction of television. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one which explores this fact and use very detailed election data in Turkey. The second essay (chapter 2) is related to the public finance literature which studies the transfers of intergovernmental grants from central government to municipalities. In Turkey, intergovernmental grants are transferred to the municipalities based on per capita rule only. This chapter explores whether there was a political motivation of revenue sharing system in Turkey using unique and new dataset. We employ Regression-Discontinuity Design to test this argument to get rid of possible endogeneity between grants and vote shares. We find that politically aligned municipalities to the party in central government enjoy about extra 7 Turkish Liras per capita in grants on average. This effect is stronger in municipalities where the elections were more competitive, i.e. the margin between vote shares of two main parties was very low. Moreover, we do find no evidence of alignment effect on municipal revenues and expenditures. In the third chapter, we investigate the phenomenon of flypaper effect by using a panel data set that consist of all province and district municipalities between 1997 and 2005 in Turkey. We benefit from dynamic panel data specific Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) estimator to identify flypaper effect. Estimation results show that the flypaper does exist for the Turkish municipalities. This result is controlled by various econometric specifications where we consider endogeneity between fiscal variables. Coefficient estimates also reveal that Turkish municipalities experience substitution effect of unconditional grants on the revenue collection efforts of localities which means that grants substitute local revenues causing lesser local tax effort

Çoruh Havzasında Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Salix caprea Populasyonlarının Genetik Çeşitliliğinin Belirlenmesi

Salix caprea yani Keçi söğüdü Türkiye’nin İç Anadolu, Akdeniz ve özellikle Karadeniz bölgesinde yoğun olarak bulunmaktadır. Diğer söğüt türlerinde farklı olarak Salix caprea soğuğa dayanıklı öncü bir türdür. Doğal yayılışı Çoruh havzası olan bu türün gen kaynakları yapılacak hidroelektik santralleri nedeniyle ciddi tehlike altındadır. Avrupa’daki S. caprea türü populasyonları SSR belirteçleri ile taranmış, yüksek genetik çeşitlilik gözlenmiştir. Türkiye’dekiler üzerinde ise daha önceden hiçbir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Yapılacak projenin başlıca amacı, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz bölgesi- Çoruh havzasında yayılış gösteren Salix caprea türü populasyonlarının çekirdek ve kloroplast SSR belirteçleri kullanılarak genetik çeşitliliğin yapılanmasını ve boyutlarını ortay akoymnaktır konmasıdır

Pulse index modulation

*Çelik, Yasin ( Aksaray, Yazar )Emerging systems such as Internet-of-things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have strict requirements on the power consumption of used equipments and associated complexity in the transceiver design. To meet these requirements, we propose a novel index modulation (IM) scheme, namely pulse index modulation (PIM) for single-input single-output (SISO) schemes. The proposed model uses well-localized and orthogonal Hermite-Gaussian pulses for data transmission and provides high spectral efficiency owing to the Hermite-Gaussian pulse indices. Considering the high complexity of maximum-likelihood (ML) detector, we propose a matched filtering-based low complexity detector to implement the PIM scheme in practice

Investigation into the effect of systemic single high-dose erythropoietin on the healing of Achilles tendons in rats

Objective: This study aimed to examine systemic erythropoietin's effect on the Achilles tendon's healing in a rat model. Methods: Twenty-five adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The Achilles tendon of each rat was transected 5 mm proximal to its insertion to the calcaneus. All Achilles tendons were then repaired using modified Kessler methods. A single dose (5000 U/kg) of intraperitoneal erythropoietin (EPO) was administered to group I. Group II was a control group and did not receive an EPO injection. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after injection. Histopathological assessments were performed by observers blinded to the treatment. Results: Groups I and II showed a similar increase in fibroblast cytoplasmic content and fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix. Collagen deposition, cellular proliferation, number of lipid vacuoles and capillary increases were similar between the groups. Conclusion: Evidence from this study has shown no direct effect of a single systemic high dose of EPO on the histological properties of the Achilles tendon in rats

The accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of Mullerian duct anomalies and its concordance with magnetic resonance imaging

This retrospective study was performed to comparatively evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for identification of Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). A total of 27 women with suspected MDAs underwent gynaecological examination, 2D-US, 3D-US and MRI, respectively. The MDAs were classified with respect to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology-European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE/ESGE) and American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) systems. Based on the ESHRE/ESGE classification, there was a discrepancy for only one patient between US and MRI. Thus, the concordance between US and MRI was 26/27 (96.3%). With respect to ASRM classification, there was a disagreement between MRI and 3D-US in three patients, thus the concordance between MRI and 3D-US was 24/27 (88.9%). To conclude, the 3D-US has a good level of agreement with MRI for recognition of MDAs.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are relatively common malformations of the female genital tract and they may adversely affect the reproductive potential. The establishment of accurate and timely diagnosis of these malformations is critical to overcome clinical consequences of MDAs. What the results of this study add? The concordance between US and MRI for diagnosis of MDAs based on ESHRE-ESGE classification and ASRM were 96.3% and 88.9%, respectively. These results indicate that 3D US has a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy for MDAs and it can be used in conjunction with MRI. Minimisation of diagnostic errors is important to improve reproductive outcome and to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Efforts must be spent to eliminate the discrepancies between the clinical and radiological diagnosis of MDAs. Further trials should be implemented for establishment and standardisation of radiological images for identification and classification of MDAs

The accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and its concordance with magnetic resonance imaging

This retrospective study was performed to comparatively evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for identification of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs). A total of 27 women with suspected MDAs underwent gynaecological examination, 2D-US, 3D-US and MRI, respectively. The MDAs were classified with respect to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology–European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE/ESGE) and American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) systems. Based on the ESHRE/ESGE classification, there was a discrepancy for only one patient between US and MRI. Thus, the concordance between US and MRI was 26/27 (96.3%). With respect to ASRM classification, there was a disagreement between MRI and 3D-US in three patients, thus the concordance between MRI and 3D-US was 24/27 (88.9%). To conclude, the 3D-US has a good level of agreement with MRI for recognition of MDAs.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are relatively common malformations of the female genital tract and they may adversely affect the reproductive potential. The establishment of accurate and timely diagnosis of these malformations is critical to overcome clinical consequences of MDAs. What the results of this study add? The concordance between US and MRI for diagnosis of MDAs based on ESHRE-ESGE classification and ASRM were 96.3% and 88.9%, respectively. These results indicate that 3D US has a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy for MDAs and it can be used in conjunction with MRI. Minimisation of diagnostic errors is important to improve reproductive outcome and to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Efforts must be spent to eliminate the discrepancies between the clinical and radiological diagnosis of MDAs. Further trials should be implemented for establishment and standardisation of radiological images for identification and classification of MDAs