152 research outputs found
Indirect estimates of infant and child mortality in Pakistan: based on Pakistan fertility survey, 1975
A Re-examination of Fertility Transition in Pakistan
Pakistan is passing through an early stage of fertility
transition. The slow-paced transition has been analysed in an earlier
study done by Sathar and Casterline (1998), which concludes that the
increase in the levels of prevalence has accelerated the fertility
transition in Pakistan and as a consequence marital fertility has
declined. However, this claim is not supported by the relevant
statistics. A re-examination reveals that the effect of contraception is
the lowest in the decline of fertility. The rise in marriages and
breastfeeding has played a significant inhibiting role in the decline of
fertility and marital fertility has remained constant. The structural
adjustment programme (SAP), initiated in late 1980s, has led to more
poverty and the proportion of never-married has increased in Pakistan as
revealed by the Population Census 1998. Labour force participation by
the females increased in the post-SAP period. The new economic situation
appears to be indirectly responsible for the decline of fertility, and
it appears to be consistent with the Malthusian macro theory of
fertility
An Analysis of Fertility Change in Pakistan
In most of the developing countries, sustained population
growth rates have been a dominant factor in decelerating socio-economic
development. The continuing decline in mortality rates has been a major
contributor to the acceleration of growth of population in these
countries which started in the period following the second World War,
and has not abated yet in most of the developing world. There is every
likelihood that the population of these developing countries will double
in the course of the next generation or so, because of the demographic
momentum that is built into their age structure. The rapidly increasing
population in low-income countries is not keeping pace with the
necessary cultural and technological changes that may help them to raise
the standard of living of their masses. Also, high rates of population
growth have become a barrier to a successful attainment of the desired
socioeconomic development, both quantitative and qualitative
Enhanced Cloud Computing Model Using Systematic Approach Towards The Quality Of Service In A Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is modrendevelopingtechnoloy which provides on-claim resources in cloud computing envoirnment. Cloud computing is modern technology which guarantees to provide elastic Infrastructure, resources accessible via the Internet with low cost. Cloud refers to a huge bundle of computing and data resources which can be access to different protocols and interfaces. Cloud service model containsSoftware-as-a-service (SaaS),Infrastructure-as-a service (IaaS), and Platform-as-a-service (PaaS. Cloud users can enjoy these services without knowing the underlying technology behind the cloud. Quality of service playsa vital role in any network while providing efficient resourcesto users. To competitive gain, it is compulsory to cloud computing network operator to gain trust of users by providing the best quality of services. Resource virtualization, share pool of resources, on-demand network access, large datacentres, and highly-interactive web applications needs quality of services. In this paper we put an effort to enhance the cloud computing model to show the âQuality as-a-service(QaaS)âlayer. This service layer will help the cloud provider how to enhance the quality of service to cloud users to gain competitive advantage over other cloud service providers. Parameters which are to useto measure the quality of services includeService Response Time, Reliability, Interoperability, Accuracy,Execution time etc
Trade Openness and FDI Inflows: A Comparative Study of Asian Countries
This study presents the new regression estimates of relationship among openness of trade and Foreign Direct Investment inflows for India, Iran and Pakistan over the period 1982-2012. Fixed effect and Pooled OLS techniques are used to analyze the panel data for measuring individual country effects, group effects and time effects while exploring the relationship among openness of trade and FDI inflows. Results showed that higher openness of trade have significant positive impact on FDI inflows. The results also investigated that FDI inflows seem to be affected significantly by conventional determinants like as Exchange rate, Inflation (consumer price index) and GDP per capita etc. Based on results the author has concluded that increase in trade openness would be a better option for more and sustained FDI inflows for the long run and also improving the welfare of the people
Trade Openness and FDI Inflows: A Comparative Study of Asian Countries
This study presents the new regression estimates of relationship among openness of trade and Foreign Direct Investment inflows for India, Iran and Pakistan over the period 1982-2012. Fixed effect and Pooled OLS techniques are used to analyze the panel data for measuring individual country effects, group effects and time effects while exploring the relationship among openness of trade and FDI inflows. Results showed that higher openness of trade have significant positive impact on FDI inflows. The results also investigated that FDI inflows seem to be affected significantly by conventional determinants like as Exchange rate, Inflation (consumer price index) and GDP per capita etc. Based on results the author has concluded that increase in trade openness would be a better option for more and sustained FDI inflows for the long run and also improving the welfare of the people
Numberdar Ka Neela: A Study of Postcolonial Context & Anti-Colonialism
Syed Ashraf's novel, "Numberdar Ka Neela," serves as a potent critique of the post-colonial condition. It illustrates how oppression and exploitation persist even after country gains independence. The author delves into issues like power concentration, power abuse, and resistance to oppression, set in the early 1950s post-colonial context. The central character, Thakur Odal Singh, embodies power, exploitation, and tyranny. He symbolizes the forces struggling to retain their dominance in a changing society. Thakur's authority is epitomized by his blue bull, âNeelaâ, representing the violent and destructive consequences of concentrated power. Despite Neela's sacred status in Hindu religion, the villagers gradually realize it is merely a tool of oppression wielded by Thakur to maintain control. The novel culminates with the villagers finally rebelling against this cruelty, resulting in Neela's defeat and disappearance, as well as the demise of Thakur and his two sons. This article critically analyzes the symbolism and postcolonial context of "Neela" in "Numberdar Ka Neela.
Boron, zinc and microtone effects on growth, chlorophyll contents and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar
The micronutrient required in minute quantity and their deficiency leads to diminished growth and yield of crops. The effect of soil application of Zinc (Zn), Boron (B) and Microtone (MT) on growth, chlorophyll contents, mineral profile and yield components were investigated in rice at Chakkanwali Reclamation Research Station District, Gujranwala, Pakistan in the year 2011. Seven treatments which includes Zn 33% at 3 kg/acre, Zn 33% at 6 kg/acre, B 11.3% at 1.5 kg/acre, B 11.3% at 3 kg/acre, Zn + B at 3 + 1.5 kg/acre, Zn + B at 6 + 3 kg/acre and MT + Zn 6% + B + Fe + Mn + Cu 1% each at 500 ml/acre, and F0 considered as the control were used. The results reveal that foliar application of Zn and B (Zn + B at 6 + 3 kg/acre) were proved as the best balanced fertilizer dose for higher growth and yield response. The plant height, tiller/plant, panicle length, kernels/plant, filled kernel/plant, productive kernel, straw, paddy and biological yield increased up to 29.75, 38.40, 28.19, 25.81, 36.52, 38.52, 32.47, 38.27 and 31.79%, respectively. The chlorophyll contents, B and Zn contents in rice plant also increased significantly as compared to the control. However, the B, Zn and MT application reduced the amylase and protein contents of rice plant at all treatment levels.Keywords: Micronutrients, rice crop, growth, chlorophyll contents, Oryza sativa L., yield attribute
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