ÖRGÜTSEL DAVRANIŞTA ÇATIŞMA YÖNETİMİ ÇALIŞMALARININ GELİŞİM SÜRECİ

Conflict as a part of daily life is also of concern for the organizations that seek harmony and effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to know and understand the characteristics, definitions and contributions of conflict management in organizations. This study aims to discuss how conflict as a concept developed in the scope of organizational behavior. Conflict management is analyzed in the frame of various approaches and a comprehensive perspective is presented in order to demonstrate the current understanding of conflict management. The analysis begins with drawing the structure of conflict studies and the study further follows a historical perspective beginning from the 1950s coming to contemporary views.&nbsp

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

RT-PCR Cycle Threshold for Predicting COVID-19-related Cardiac Complications: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causes several cardiovascular (CV) complications. The cycle threshold (Ct) value of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is inversely related to the viral load. Thus, it could be used as a predictor of outcomes. We aimed to present the risk factors for developing CV events and to determine whether the Ct value can be used as a predictor of CV events in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 296 hospitalized patients with a confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of CV events: cardiac (n=60) and non-cardiac (n=236). The clinical manifestation, comorbidities history, and laboratory and radiographic findings were compared between the two groups. In order to assess the link between CV complications and Ct values while controlling for confounders, binary logistic regression analysis was used. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for estimating the cut-off Ct value for predicting the occurrence of CV events. Results: Approximately 50% of the patients were male. The mean age was 60.85±19.57 years. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a lower Ct value at the time of admission [odds ratio (OR)=0.836, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.753-0.928, p=0.001], higher troponin level (OR=1.209, 95% CI: 1.050-1.392, p=0.008), smoking history (OR=7.336, 95% CI: 3.34-16.114, p<0.001), advanced age (OR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.001-1.044, p=0.039), and the male sex (OR=2.742, 95% CI: 1.271-5.919, p=0.010) were independent risk factors of CV events in patients with COVID-19. The median Ct for all participants was 24.6 (21-28). The Ct value demonstrated a sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 72%, negative predictive value of 91%, and positive predictive value of 40% for the prediction of CV complications at a cut-off value of 23, according to an ROC curve analysis. Conclusion: A Ct of <23 at the time of admission for COVID-19 could predict the risk of a CV event. Thus, if patients with risk factors for CV events have a Ct of <23 Ct on admission, they should be evaluated by a competent COVID-19 heart team

Clinical efficacy and safety of prolonged versus intermittent administration of antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics in adults with severe acute infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction: In order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of prolonged versus intermittent antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotic infusion for the treatment of severe acute infections in adult patients, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases until December 2022. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, clinical success, microbiological eradication and adverse events. The pooled risk ratios (RR) were estimated by the fixed or random effect methods according to heterogeneity statistics. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence for each outcome. Results: Twenty eligible RCTs with 2081 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the prolonged infusion group than in the intermittent infusion group (RR 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.95, p = 0.01, I2 = 0%; moderate certainty). Treatment with prolonged infusion showed significant benefit in clinical success (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, p = 0.008, I2 = 19%; moderate certainty). There were no significant differences in microbiological eradication (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.99–1.28, p = 0.07, I2 = 49%; low certainty), any adverse events (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.86–1.08, p = 0.50, I2 = 27%; moderate certainty) and serious adverse events (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.70–1.39 p = 0.95, I2 = 0%; low certainty). Conclusions: Prolonged antipseudomonal beta-lactam infusion probably decreases all-cause mortality. Additionally, it probably increases clinical success in adults with severe acute infections. This infusion strategy may result in little to no difference in microbiological eradication and is probably not associated with a rise in any adverse events.The evidence suggests that prolonged infusion may not increase serious adverse events

Development Process of Conflict Studies in Organizational Behavior

Conflict as a part of daily life is also of concern for the organizations that seek harmony and effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to know and understand the characteristics, definitions and contributions of conflict management in organizations. This study aims to discuss how conflict as a concept developed in the scope of organizational behavior. Conflict management is analyzed in the frame of various approaches and a comprehensive perspective is presented in order to demonstrate the current understanding of conflict management. The analysis begins with drawing the structure of conflict studies and the study further follows a historical perspective beginning from the 1950s coming to contemporary views. Keywords: Organizational Behavior, Conflict Management, Conflict Management ModelsÖZETGünlük yaşamın bir parçası olan çatışma, uyum ve etkililik arayışında olan örgütler için de göz önüne alınması gereken bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle, örgütlerde, çatışma yönetiminin özelliklerini, tanımlarını ve katkılarını bilmek ve anlamak büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma örgütsel davranış kapsamında bir kavram olarak çatışmanın ne şekilde geliştiğini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çatışma yönetimi farklı yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde analiz edilmekte ve çatışma yönetiminin güncel anlayışını göstermek için kapsamlı bir bakış açısı sunulmaktadır. Analiz çatışma çalışmalarının yapısını ortaya koyarak başlamakta ve çalışma 1950’lerden çağdaş görüşlere tarihsel bir bakış açısını izlemektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Örgütsel Davranış, Çatışma Yönetimi, Çatışma Yönetimi Modeller</p

STALKER HARASSMENT; CASE REPORT

Stalking is defined as the act of determining the person as a target and following and communicating with the person repeatedly without his/her consent, creating concern for her safety. Compared to forensic medicine applications, it’s a group that is relatively common in the field of psychiatry, and reporting the results of forensic medical evaluation is rarely done in this respect. The case applied to the clinic with the allegation of mobbing, and besides it’s a rare case in forensic medicine practice due to the characteristics of the event she experienced, it was aimed to discuss the evaluation to be made in such cases in terms of stalking. The 33-year-old female case, working in a company as senior manager, stated that she didn’t accept the proposal of a male employee in another city and in the same position as her, to be her girlfriend and she was verbally threatened by this person afterwards, wandered around her workplace and home and followed her for a long time. In her mental evaluation; It was found that the person was subjected to psychological violence and stalking harassment; the verbal threats and behaviors of the aggressor had a traumatic effect on her mental health for a long time and the action she was exposed to permanently deteriorated the mental health of the person.Stalking is addressed in different areas within the framework of mobbing or violence against women. Considering that in cases of stalking harassment, which doesn’t have a specific legal provision, it may result in the most severe form of violence against women due to its consequences, besides studies on prevention and legal regulation, as highlighted in the case presented, the identification of trauma and forensic medical documentation and also the need for psychiatric follow-up and support in terms of treatment should be considered. Keywords: Stalking harasser, Stalking, Mental trauma, Forensics