Agricultural policies in France: from EU regulation to national design.

The present document presents the French way EU agricultural policies have been, are, and will be, implemented, considering not only the means but also financing resources and procedures to achieve the national agricultural goals. For a better understanding a review of the CAP foundations is firstly provided in order to address the historic issues of the evolution of European agricultural policies. Then, main agricultural highlights of the French situation are briefly depicted, in order to better frame the two head points that are the French translation of markets policy on the one hand and of rural development on the other hand. Both issues are policy-oriented and sketches of national underlying strategies are given whenever the available data were relevant enough.EU Agricultural Policies, France

MidiShare : a Real Time multi-tasks software module for Midi applications

International audienceThis paper introduces MidiShare, a real time software module meant for the development of Midi applications in a multi-tasks context. MidiShare brings facility in most of the fields concerned with the development of musical applications: communications management, precise time control, tasks scheduling. The originality of MidiShare lies in its capacity to deal with multiple Midi applications running at the same time. Besides, MidiShare offers some interesting possibilities, particularly the one consisting in a dynamic connection between Midi applications through internal links. MidiShare was at first designed for the Macintosh under MultiFinder, it is now available on other machines

Effective flow surface of porous materials with two populations of voids under internal pressure: II. full-field simulations

International audienceThis study is devoted to the effective plastic flow surface of a bi-porous material saturated by a fluid. Highly irradiated uranium dioxide is a typical example of such a material. In part I of this study, a GTN-type approximation of the effective plastic flow surface has been derived. In this second part, the predictions of this new model are compared with full-field numerical simulations performed with a numerical method based on Fast Fourier Transforms. This method is successfully applied to voided materials with a Gurson matrix where the voids are subjected to internal pressure. Different microstructures containing a large number of spherical or ellipsoidal voids are investigated. The deviation from isotropy of their mechanical response is measured by a new criterion

Sparse Linear Algebra and Geophysical Migration

The pre-stack depth migration of reflection seismic data can be expressed, with the framework of waveform inversion, as a linear least squares problem. While defining this operator precisely, additional main characteristics of the forward model, like its huge size, its sparsity and the composition with convolution are detailed. It ends up with a so-called discrete ill-posed problem, whose acceptable solutions have to undergo a regularization procedure. Direct and iterative methods have been implemented with specific attention to the convolution, and then applied on the same data set: a synthetic bidimensional profile of sensible dimensions with some added noise. The efficiency with regard to computational effort, storage requirements and regularizing effect is assessed. From the standpoint of the global inverse problem, the extra feature of providing a solution that can be differentiated with respect to a parameter such as background velocity is also discussed

Active Control of Silicon Nanotweezers Detects Enzymatic Reaction at the Molecular Level

International audienceThis work achieved the control of micromachined tweezers for the enhancement of the sensing of DNA molecules and related enzymatic reactions. The mechanical stiffness of the silicon nanotweezers is decreased by feedback design and the sensitivity of the system is drastically improved

Evidence and modeling of mechanoluminescence in a transparent glass particulate composite

International audienceMechanoluminescence (ML) of a transparent alkali-phosphate glass composite with SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy particles is reported. Uniaxial compression experiments show the linear dependence of the mechanoluminescence intensity with the mechanical power. A theoretical model, based on the physics of delayed processes (in analogy of viscoelasticity), is proposed. This model accurately predicts the ML intensity changes induced by a complex mechanical loading and provides a convincing description of the mechanoluminescence response

k-space spin filtering effect in the epitaxial Fe/Au/Fe/GaAs(001) spin-valve

International audienceThe hot-electron magnetotransport of epitaxial Fe/Au/Fe/GaAs(001) spin-valves is investigated by ballistic-electron magnetic microscopy. A magnetocurrent amplitude larger than 500% is observed at room temperature close to the Schottky barrier energy. Remarkably, this magnetocurrent is not significantly affected by the thickness reduction of ferromagnetic films, down to 5 atomic layers of the Fe(001) top electrode. This rather suggests a dominant interfacial spin-filtering effect. Finally, the magnetocurrent is strongly reduced when the effective mass of the semiconductor collector is increased. These observations are consistent with recent theoretical prediction of k-space spin-filtering effect in epitaxial spin-valves attached to a semiconducting lead

Solution de Filtrage Triplaque en Bande Ku, sur la Base d'une Topologie hybride, Hairpin-DBR

National audienceCe papier présente un exemple de filtre planaire basé sur une topologie non conventionnelle associant des résonateurs hairpin et DBR. Ce concept a été choisi pour répondre à une spécification particulière en bande Ku. Nous montrons de quelle manière la topologie retenue permet de répondre efficacement au problème posé, au travers d'une conception et d'une réalisation en technologie triplaque. S'agissant d'un besoin industriel, nous effectuons ensuite une analyse de sensibilité intégrant l'ensemble les dispersions technologiques : l'objectif visé est toujours atteint

Closed-loop Control of Silicon Nanotweezers for Improvement of Sensitivity to Mechanical Stiffness Measurement and Bio-Sensing on DNA Molecules

International audienceIn this work we show that implementation of closed loop control to silicon nanotweezers improves the sensitivity of the tool for mechanical characterizations of biological molecules. Micromachined tweezers have already been used for the characterizations of mechanical properties of DNA molecules as well as for the sensing of enzymatic reactions on DNA bundle. However the resolution of the experiments does not allow the sensing on single molecules. Hereafter we show theoretically and experimentally that, reducing the resonance frequency of the system by the implementation of a state feedback, the sensitivity to stiffness variation is enhanced. Such improvement leads to better resolution for detection of enzymatic reactions on DNA