Molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of Panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses

Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). GPX catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. The presence of GPXs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. Two GPX cDNAs were isolated and characterized from the embryogenic callus of Panax ginseng. The two cDNAs had an open reading frame (ORF) of 723 and 681 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 240 and 226 residues, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the matured proteins are approximately 26.4 kDa or 25.7 kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 9.16 or 6.11, respectively. The two PgGPXs were elevated strongly by salt stress and chilling stress in a ginseng seedling. In addition, the two PgGPXs showed different responses against biotic stress. The positive responses of PgGPX to the environmental stimuli suggested that ginseng GPX may help to protect against environmental stresses

Body Weight and Plasma Levels of Ghrelin and Leptin during Treatment with Olanzapine

Although enhanced appetite and weight gain are potential side effects of treatment with antipsychotic agents, particularly olanzapine and clozapine, the mechanisms underlying these side effects are poorly understood. Leptin and ghrelin were recently identified as hormones that play crucial roles in the regulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism. To elucidate relationships between weight change and plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin, we investigated the circulating ghrelin and leptin levels and body weight during olanzapine treatment. Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia were examined during 6-month administration of olanzapine. Ghrelin, leptin, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks of olanzapine treatment. The concentration of glucose and various lipid metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and at 24 weeks. Significant increases in weight, BMI and leptin were observed at week 24. On the other hand, the serum levels of ghrelin decreased significantly after olanzapine treatment. In addition, the level of ghrelin was negatively correlated with the leptin level, BMI and weight. The leptin level was positively correlated with both BMI and weight. Ghrelin is associated with metabolic changes, in combination with leptin, during olanzapine treatment. However, further large-scale and longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the metabolic changes involving ghrelin, leptin and insulin during treatment with antipsychotics

Differences in strength-duration curves of electrical diagnosis by physiotherapists between DJ-1 homozygous knockout and wild-type mice: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Buku Asuhan Keperawatan Anak pada Penyakit Tropis ini membahas tentang penyakit tropis pada anak yaitu demam berdarah, demam tifoid, morbili (campak), penyakit kaki-tangan- mulut, varicella (cacar air), chikungunya, difteri, pertusis, tetanus, hepatitis B, poliomielitis, serta malaria. Topik yang dibahas mulai dari pengertian, penyebab, gambaran klinis, pato_ siologi, pemeriksaan penunjang, penatalaksanaan medis, komplikasi, serta asuhan keperawatan yang disertai dengan diagnosis dan rasionalnya. Buku ini sesuai dengan kurikulum di bidang keperawatan yang disusun berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para ahli kesehatan yang ada di Indonesia sehingga sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat Indonesia. Selain itu, disertakan pula prosedurprosedur tindakan perawatan pada anak yang mengalami gangguan pernapasan dan penyakit tropis yang dilengkapi dengan foto berwarna dalam setiap urutan langkahnya.Prosedur tersebut meliputi: mencuci tangan dengan 7 langkah, _ sioterapi dada, inhalasi sederhana, memasang dan memberi makan melalui slang nasogastrik, water tepid sponge, imunisasi BCG/DPT, serta cara memandikan anak/bayi.188 hlm.; 24 cm