198,104 research outputs found
Quantum steering of electron wave function in an InAs Y-branch switch
We report experiments on gated Y-branch switches made from InAs ballistic
electron wave guides. We demonstrate that gating modifies the electron wave
functions as well as their interference pattern, causing the anti-correlated,
oscillatory transconductances. Such previously unexpected phenomenon provides
evidence of steering the electron wave function in a multi-channel transistor
structure.Comment: 15 pages, including 3 figure
Proposal for a QND which-path measurement using photons
A scheme is proposed for experimentally realizing the famous two-slit gedaenken experiment using photons. As elegantly discussed for electrons by Feynman, a particle's quantum pathways interfere to produce fringes in the probability density for the particle to be found at a particle location. If the path taken by the particle is experimentally determined, the complementarity principle says that the fringes must disappear. To carry out this experiment with photons is difficult because normally the act of determining a photon's location destroys it. We propose to overcome this difficulty by putting a type-2 optical parametric amplifier (OPA) in each arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and observing fringes at the output. An OPA responds to an input photon by increasing its probability to produce a pair of photons with polarization orthogonal to the input, the detection of which allows partial inference about the path taken by the input photon without destroying it. Thus, the measurement is of the quantum nondemolition (QND) type
Breaking a secure communication scheme based on the phase synchronization of chaotic systems
A security analysis of a recently proposed secure communication scheme based
on the phase synchronization of chaotic systems is presented. It is shown that
the system parameters directly determine the ciphertext waveform, hence it can
be readily broken by parameter estimation of the ciphertext signal.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Surface roughness and interfacial slip boundary condition for quartz crystal microbalances
The response of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is considered using a wave equation for the substrate and the Navier-Stokes equations for a finite liquid layer under a slip boundary condition. It is shown that when the slip length to shear wave penetration depth is small, the first order effect of slip is only present in the frequency response. Importantly, in this approximation the frequency response satisfies an additivity relation with a net response equal to a Kanazawa liquid term plus an additional Sauerbrey "rigid" liquid mass. For the slip length to result in an enhanced frequency decrease compared to a no-slip boundary condition, it is shown that the slip length must be negative so that the slip plane is located on the liquid side of the interface. It is argued that the physical application of such a negative slip length could be to the liquid phase response of a QCM with a completely wetted rough surface. Effectively, the model recovers the starting assumption of additivity used in the trapped mass model for the liquid phase response of a QCM having a rough surface. When applying the slip boundary condition to the rough surface problem, slip is not at a molecular level, but is a formal hydrodynamic boundary condition which relates the response of the QCM to that expected from a QCM with a smooth surface. Finally, possible interpretations of the results in terms of acoustic reflectivity are developed and the potential limitations of the additivity result should vapour trapping occur are discussed
Neutrino Spectra from Nuclear Weak Interactions in -Shell Nuclei Under Astrophysical Conditions
We present shell model calculations of nuclear neutrino energy spectra for 70
-shell nuclei over the mass number range . Our calculations
include nuclear excited states as appropriate for the hot and dense conditions
characteristic of pre-collapse massive stars. We consider neutrinos produced by
charged lepton captures and decays and, for the first time in tabular form,
neutral current nuclear deexcitation, providing neutrino energy spectra on the
Fuller-Fowler-Newman temperature-density grid for these interaction channels
for each nucleus. We use the full -shell model space to compute initial
nuclear states up to 20 MeV excitation with transitions to final states up to
35-40 MeV, employing a modification of the Brink-Axel hypothesis to handle high
temperature population factors and the nuclear partition functions.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. Until data available at JINA-CEE, contact GWM
for spectra data file
Breaking parameter modulated chaotic secure communication system
This paper describes the security weakness of a recently proposed secure
communication method based on parameter modulation of a chaotic system and
adaptive observer-based synchronization scheme. We show that the security is
compromised even without precise knowledge of the chaotic system used.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, latex forma
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