30 research outputs found
Characterisations for the depletion of reactant in a one-dimensional dynamic combustion model
In this paper, a novel observation is made on a one-dimensional compressible
Navier--Stokes model for the dynamic combustion of a reacting mixture of
-law gases () with discontinuous Arrhenius reaction rate
function, on both bounded and unbounded domains. We show that the mass fraction
of the reactant (denoted as ) satisfies a weighted gradient estimate , provided that at time zero the density is
Lipschitz continuous and bounded strictly away from zero and infinity.
Consequently, the graph of cannot form cusps or corners near the points
where the reactant in the combustion process is completely depleted at any
instant, and the entropy of is bounded from above. The key ingredient of
the proof is a new estimate based on the Fisher information, first exploited by
[2, 7] with applications to PDEs in chemorepulsion and thermoelasticity. Along
the way, we also establish a Lipschitz estimate for the density.Comment: 18 page
County axis of Yutu map's imagery: a historical interpretative method of Shaanxi County's morphology
Rec4Ad: A Free Lunch to Mitigate Sample Selection Bias for Ads CTR Prediction in Taobao
Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction serves as a fundamental component in
online advertising. A common practice is to train a CTR model on advertisement
(ad) impressions with user feedback. Since ad impressions are purposely
selected by the model itself, their distribution differs from the inference
distribution and thus exhibits sample selection bias (SSB) that affects model
performance. Existing studies on SSB mainly employ sample re-weighting
techniques which suffer from high variance and poor model calibration. Another
line of work relies on costly uniform data that is inadequate to train
industrial models. Thus mitigating SSB in industrial models with a
uniform-data-free framework is worth exploring. Fortunately, many platforms
display mixed results of organic items (i.e., recommendations) and sponsored
items (i.e., ads) to users, where impressions of ads and recommendations are
selected by different systems but share the same user decision rationales.
Based on the above characteristics, we propose to leverage recommendations
samples as a free lunch to mitigate SSB for ads CTR model (Rec4Ad). After
elaborating data augmentation, Rec4Ad learns disentangled representations with
alignment and decorrelation modules for enhancement. When deployed in Taobao
display advertising system, Rec4Ad achieves substantial gains in key business
metrics, with a lift of up to +6.6\% CTR and +2.9\% RPM
Joint Optimization of Ranking and Calibration with Contextualized Hybrid Model
Despite the development of ranking optimization techniques, pointwise loss
remains the dominating approach for click-through rate prediction. It can be
attributed to the calibration ability of the pointwise loss since the
prediction can be viewed as the click probability. In practice, a CTR
prediction model is also commonly assessed with the ranking ability. To
optimize the ranking ability, ranking loss (e.g., pairwise or listwise loss)
can be adopted as they usually achieve better rankings than pointwise loss.
Previous studies have experimented with a direct combination of the two losses
to obtain the benefit from both losses and observed an improved performance.
However, previous studies break the meaning of output logit as the
click-through rate, which may lead to sub-optimal solutions. To address this
issue, we propose an approach that can Jointly optimize the Ranking and
Calibration abilities (JRC for short). JRC improves the ranking ability by
contrasting the logit value for the sample with different labels and constrains
the predicted probability to be a function of the logit subtraction. We further
show that JRC consolidates the interpretation of logits, where the logits model
the joint distribution. With such an interpretation, we prove that JRC
approximately optimizes the contextualized hybrid discriminative-generative
objective. Experiments on public and industrial datasets and online A/B testing
show that our approach improves both ranking and calibration abilities. Since
May 2022, JRC has been deployed on the display advertising platform of Alibaba
and has obtained significant performance improvements.Comment: Accepted at KDD 202
Free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D thresholds for bone metabolism and their associations with metabolic syndrome in Chinese women of childbearing age
ObjectiveThe free hormone hypothesis suggests that free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may better reflect vitamin D bioactivity. This study aimed to determine the free and bioavailable 25(OH)D characteristics, estimate their thresholds based on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone turnover markers (BTMs), assess their associations with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and evaluate their potential advantages.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a nationally representative database (nā=ā1,505, female, 18ā45āyears). Serum total 25(OH)D, vitamin D-binding protein, albumin, PTH, and BTMs [osteocalcin, Ī²-CrossLaps of type 1 collagen containing cross-linked C-telopeptide (Ī²-CTX), and procollagen type 1āN-terminal propeptide (P1NP)] were measured. Free 25(OH)D and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated. The threshold associations of 25(OH)D with PTH and BTMs were analyzed. The relationship between 25(OH)D and MetS risk was examined. An intervention study was then performed in 39 women (18ā47āyears) to assess the associations of increasing 25(OH)D with PTH and BTMs after vitamin D supplementation.ResultsIn the cross-sectional study, the three forms of 25(OH)D were found to have similar distribution characteristics. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D correlated well with total 25(OH)D. Significant total 25(OH)D cutoffs were observed for PTH (14.19āng/mL and 18.03āng/mL), osteocalcin (15.14āng/mL), Ī²-CTX (14.79āng/mL), and P1NP (15.08āng/mL). Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D cutoffs were only found for P1NP (3.47āpg/mL and 1.66āng/mL, respectively). A total 25(OH)D of <15.14āng/mL was marginally associated with a higher risk of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [odd ratios (OR)ā=ā1.371 (0.991ā1.899)]. The ORs of higher versus lower free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels for reduced HDL-C were 0.770 (0.621ā0.956) and 0.772 (0.622ā0.958), respectively. The results of the intervention study indicated that PTH and BTMs responded more sensitively to total 25(OH)D than to free or bioavailable 25(OH)D.ConclusionFree and bioavailable 25(OH)D only had a threshold effect on P1NP. The active 25(OH)D thresholds could be used for risk assessment of reduced HDL-C. However, no superiority of free or bioavailable 25(OH)D was found based on the response of PTH and BTMs to changes in 25(OH)D in Chinese women of childbearing age following vitamin D supplementation.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2200058290
Nicotine-prevented learning and memory impairment in REM sleep-deprived rat is modulated by DREAM protein in the hippocampus
Introduction: REM sleep deprivation is associated with impairment in learning and
memory, and nicotine treatment has been shown to attenuate this effect. Recent studies
have demonstrated the importance of DREAM protein in learning and memory
processes. This study investigates the association of DREAM protein in REM sleep-deprived
rats hippocampus upon nicotine treatment.
Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to normal condition, REM sleep deprivation
and control wide platform condition for 72 hr. During this procedure, saline or
nicotine (1 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously twice a day. Then, Morris water maze (MWM)
test was used to assess learning and memory performance of the rats. The rats were sacrificed
and the brain was harvested for immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.
Results: MWM test found that REM sleep deprivation significantly impaired learning
and memory performance without defect in locomotor function associated with a significant
increase in hippocampus DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and
DG regions and the mean relative level of DREAM protein compared to other experimental
groups. Treatment with acute nicotine significantly prevented these effects
and decreased expression of DREAM protein in all the hippocampus regions but only
slightly reduce the mean relative level of DREAM protein.
Conclusion: This study suggests that changes in DREAM protein expression in CA1,
CA2, CA3, and DG regions of ratās hippocampus and mean relative level of DREAM
protein may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented
REM sleep
deprivation-induced
learning and memory impairment in rat
AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study
: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNetĀ® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNetĀ® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery
Angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts misdiagnosed as cystic renal carcinoma: A case report
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric ectopic pancreas: a single-center experience
Abstract Background and objective Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimal invasive technology and could allow āen blocā resection for superficial gastric tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of ESD for gastric ectopic pancreas (EP). Methods A total of 93 patients diagnosed with ectopic pancreas who underwent ESD between January 2011 and June 2017 were enrolled. The demographic, clinical, and endoscopic data were collected and analyzed. Results The average maximal diameter of lesions was 1.01 (range 0.4ā3.0) cm with mean age of patients which was 39.75 (range 15ā66) years. Overall, all of procedures en bloc was successful. The median operative time was 76.87 (range 30ā160) min. A total of 12 patients experienced complications. In seven patients, bleeding occurred during the operation and was treated using hot biopsy forceps or metal clip. Five cases suffered from pneumoperitoneum which was managed well. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 (range 2ā17) days. There was no relapse in any cases during the follow-up. Conclusion ESD appears to be a safe and feasible approach for curative treatment in gastric ectopic pancreas. Larger studies are needed to identify the role and the outcomes of ESD in another center