Indonesian Trainees in Japanese SMEs, Capital Accumulation and Micro-Small Business Development in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study

Indonesia is one of the world important suppliers of young trainees in Japan. We present a preliminary study’s result on Indonesian trainees in Japanese SMEs and their potential to develop micro-small business in Indonesia. This paper utilizes three step approaches. First, an online survey of potency of Indonesian trainees in Japan has been conducting since October 2007 followed up by a Japan-wide Entrepreneurship and Banking Trainings (PWEP). Second, web-based business start-ups consultation forums for Indonesian trainees have been conducted since January 2008 followed up by networking creation with Bank of Indonesia. Third, a key performance indicator of business proposed and money invested was developed. We report three main findings: first, over 70% of Indonesian trainees were working at manufacturing-based Japanese SMEs and might acquire a necessary human capital in developing micro-small manufacturing-based business start-ups. In addition, more than 60% of them could save their income at least 25-40% of their total monthly income, suggested that capital foundation required for business creation might then be compromised. Second, the structural constraint of unmonitored Indonesian trainees might cause problems in which—after having cultural distress while working in Japan and less conducive condition in managing their capital after returning to Indonesia—the potential to become an law-breaking overstay workers is considerably high and might cause a more sophisticated problem in the future. Third, the importance of directing step for Indonesian trainees who are interested in creating businesses and key performance indicators for measuring its achievement are acknowledged.Indonesian trainees, Japanese SMEs, PWEP, capital accumulation, key performance indicator, compliance meter

Proposed model and strategy for Indonesian higher education facing technological disruption and Industrial Revolution 4.0 using Newton's Laws analogy

All economic sectors in the world cannot be separated from the challenges of facing an era of technological disruption and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (TD4IR). As centers of higher education, campuses also cannot escape from this difficult situation. Many studies have discussed the impact of TD4IR on higher education, unfortunately, without a detailed strategy for dealing with it. The global issues were analyzed using a physical approach, such as Newton's laws. Our study's purpose is to evaluate a strategic principle that Indonesian colleges can use to prepare for TD4IR. We applied Newton's analogy system to strategic management, then modeled with the derivation of the formula, followed by modeling with the simulation, to determine the changes that higher education would need to make in response to Industrial Revolution 4.0. Acceleration and deceleration scenarios are implemented with a square or cube increase or reduction. From the modeling, the parameters of Newton's laws, such as mass, friction (barriers to change), force (internal assets as a driving force), etc., must be properly matched to the idea of strategic management of higher education to give a clear picture of the problems. From the simulation, higher education needs to know the minimum value of its organizational system so it can figure out what needs to be done right away. The organization doesn't suddenly slow down or stop; higher education needs to speed up as much as possible

Indonesian Trainees in Japanese SMEs, Capital Accumulation and Micro-Small Business Development in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study

Indonesia is one of the world important suppliers of young trainees in Japan. We present a preliminary study’s result on Indonesian trainees in Japanese SMEs and their potential to develop micro-small business in Indonesia. This paper utilizes three step approaches. First, an online survey of potency of Indonesian trainees in Japan has been conducting since October 2007 followed up by a Japan-wide Entrepreneurship and Banking Trainings (PWEP). Second, web-based business start-ups consultation forums for Indonesian trainees have been conducted since January 2008 followed up by networking creation with Bank of Indonesia. Third, a key performance indicator of business proposed and money invested was developed. We report three main findings: first, over 70% of Indonesian trainees were working at manufacturing-based Japanese SMEs and might acquire a necessary human capital in developing micro-small manufacturing-based business start-ups. In addition, more than 60% of them could save their income at least 25-40% of their total monthly income, suggested that capital foundation required for business creation might then be compromised. Second, the structural constraint of unmonitored Indonesian trainees might cause problems in which—after having cultural distress while working in Japan and less conducive condition in managing their capital after returning to Indonesia—the potential to become an law-breaking overstay workers is considerably high and might cause a more sophisticated problem in the future. Third, the importance of directing step for Indonesian trainees who are interested in creating businesses and key performance indicators for measuring its achievement are acknowledged

Design of Power Monitoring and Electrical Control Systems to Support Energy Conservation

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the decreasing supply of fossil fuels in recent years have increased the cost of electrical energy. So that the culture of saving electrical energy is a habit that must be cultivated in the community. On the other hand, energy-saving behavior cannot be realized massively without a support system that can control energy use. With these concerns, it is necessary to develop a method that encourages a culture of saving electrical energy. This paper proposes a system that supports active energy efficiency methods that can support an energy-efficient culture. This system is an electric power monitoring system that is integrated with a smart electrical panel that continuously monitors the use of electrical energy and can control electrical loads automatically, record electricity usage, provide comprehensive reports and analyze energy usage. The method used to carry out this research is research and development. This research has produced a prototype of electrical power control and monitoring system that has a smart panel based on a raspberry PI 3 and PZEM-004t power energy meter. The monitoring system performs and executes automatic control of electrical loads. The system can also provide reports in the form of data monitoring in daily, weekly, monthly or annual period. From the test results, it can be concluded that the system can work well. This research is expected to contribute to providing a system that can support government efforts in saving energy

Comparison between Natural and Cabinet Drying on Weight Loss of Seaweed Euchuema cottonii Weber-van Bosse

In Indonesia, seaweed has a critical role in improving the welfare of coastal communities. As a source of nutrition, seaweed consists of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber and ash, vitamin, and beta-carotene. Right drying methods are needed to preserve the quality of dried seaweed. This study aims to compare the trend of weight reduction in seaweed during drying by natural and cabinet methods. The methods were used experimentally in the field and laboratory. And the data were analyzed using simple linear regression to formulate a trend of reduction in the weight of seaweed while drying. The results showed that the weight reduction in seaweed by the natural method can be illustrated by the simple regression linear equation Y = -2.385 3x + 943.65 with R² = 0.985 9, which means a reduction in weight of seaweed i.e. 2.385 3 g min during 340 min. While cabinet dryer method can be illustrated by Y = -0.858 8x + 913.55 with R² = 0.9315, which means a reduction in seaweed weight i.e, 0.858 8 g min during 340 min. The reduction of seaweed weight per minute by the natural drying method is higher than the cabinet drying method. Still, the cabinet drying method is more stable because it does not depend on the weather during the drying process

Sterilization of ready to serve product for special needs of Hajj and Umrah: Skipjack tuna in a retort pouch package

One crucial period in the provision of food for Hajj/Umrah is the time between opening the package and consuming it by the pilgrims. This study aimed to determine the sterilization time to prevent damage and maintain acceptance by consumers. The methodology of this research was sterilization with variations in retort pressure settings and raw materials: (A) 1.8 bar pressure, 100 % skipjack; (B) 1.2 bar pressure, 90 % skipjack; (C) 1.2 bar pressure, 70 % skipjack; (D) 1.8 bar pressure, 50 % skipjack. The analysis included two components. The (i) was the determination of the adequacy of sterilization time, the (ii) was the observation of quality deterioration, which was based on organoleptic and Total Plate Count. The results showed that the adequacy of sterilization for variations A, B, C, and D was: 121.5 °C for 4.8 min; 114.5 °C for 4.8 min; 115.4 °C for 5.31 min, and 124.0 °C for 13.4 min. TPC analysis, which was carried out at 0 h, 3 h, 9 h, and 12 h in a row were 4 × 100 , 2 × 102 , 2 × 102 , and 3 × 103 . In terms of consumer acceptance, sterilized products have good values, with organoleptic values ranging from 7.8 to 8.2 (scale 1 to 10

Techno-economic Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic System (RPVS) using Thin-Frameless Solar Panels for Household Customers in Indonesia

The availability of thin-frameless solar panels on the market today makes the installation of rooftop Photovoltaic (RPVS) systems more attractive. The purpose of this research is to analyze financially the use of thinframeless solar panels for on-grid RPVS by household electricity customers in Indonesia. The investment cost, the maintenance costs, and the electricity cost savings were involved for the financial analysis, such as Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Pay Back Period (PBP). The calculation is carried out for ideal conditions, the direction of a non-ideal rooftop and the yearly increase of electricity prices is 15 %. The analysis results show that the minimum available rooftop area is still sufficient for the rooftop area needs for solar panel placement, the thin solar panels are safer than standard solar panels, and savings on electricity payments for the return on investment of the RPVS is to be attractive with the IRR > 12 %. The average investment cost of the non-ideal condition is 8 % higher than the ideal condition. This study provides an overview to the policymakers and developers in exploiting the potential of RPVS, especially in Indonesia. For future research directions, this study needs to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of using hybrid smart-grid technology with batteries

Sustainable energy efficiency in aluminium parts industries utilizing waste heat and equivalent volume with energy management control system

The global aluminium industry faces a serious challenge in reducing greenhouse gas emissions as the demand for aluminium continues to increase. The aluminium industry has a responsibility to streamline its energy consumption, especially in the production process. There have been many studies discussing energy consumption performance in the industry. However, most of them only discuss energy saving partially, without involving energy consumption with various items produced. This paper proposes an energy savings measurement in the manufacturing industry. An energy baseline consumed per unit volume has been developed using the equivalent volume method with an energy management control system (EMCS). The study takes a case example from the automotiveâaluminium component industry. The steps taken in the study are: examining the production process, converting the production volume to equivalent, calculating the energy consumption ratio, developing an energy baseline, simulating the savings performance, and then proposing an EMCS with key performance indicators (KPI) for sustainability. The results show that the development of a baseline using the ratio of energy and an equivalent volume of production gives a better data correlation with an R2 value close to one. From the baseline, the best­demonstrated performance (BDP) can be used as a reference to set energy goals. Furthermore, the data and the deviant deleted have the same baseline value. They differ in energy reduction goal percentages. The practical application of this study is not only in the manufacturing industry but in other industries as well, such as building management. This study contributes to energy savings achieved with EMCS