217 research outputs found
Leadersâ response to employee overqualification:An explanation of the curvilinear moderated relationship
This research aimed to advance overqualification literature by examining how leadersâ perceived employee overqualification (LPEO) influences their empowering behaviour and employee work behaviours. Drawing upon the individualized leadership theory, we proposed that LPEO has an inverted U-shape relationship with their empowering behaviour such that leaders are more motivated to empower employees from low to moderate levels of overqualification, but this tendency decreases after a certain inflection point. We also predicted that the inflection point occurs at a lower level of employee overqualification when leaders perceive higher (vs. lower) status threats. Leader empowering behaviour was hypothesized to positively predict employeesâ voice and negatively predict their withdrawal behaviour. Two multi-source and time-lagged studies were conducted to examine this moderated mediation curvilinear model. In Study 1, survey data from 372 leaderâemployee dyads supported the inverted U-shape mediation model from leadersâ perceived overqualification to empowering behaviour, then to employee outcomes (i.e., voice and withdrawal behaviour). In Study 2, we collected data from a sample of 73 team leaders and 286 employees, and the results supported the full model. Taken together, these findings offer a perspective to enrich the understanding of employee overqualification and have important practical implications.Practitioner pointsWhen leaders regard employees as overqualified, they can assist them via the means of appropriate empowerment to best utilize their skills to benefit the company.Leader empowerment can inspire employeesâ voice behaviour but reduce their withdrawal behaviours.To minimize potentially negative aspects from highly overqualified employees, organizations should reduce leadersâ concern about the status threat, and encourage leadersâ proactive responses to these employees so as to achieve positive returns from overqualified employees
Leadersâ response to employee overqualification:An explanation of the curvilinear moderated relationship
This research aimed to advance overqualification literature by examining how leadersâ perceived employee overqualification (LPEO) influences their empowering behaviour and employee work behaviours. Drawing upon the individualized leadership theory, we proposed that LPEO has an inverted U-shape relationship with their empowering behaviour such that leaders are more motivated to empower employees from low to moderate levels of overqualification, but this tendency decreases after a certain inflection point. We also predicted that the inflection point occurs at a lower level of employee overqualification when leaders perceive higher (vs. lower) status threats. Leader empowering behaviour was hypothesized to positively predict employeesâ voice and negatively predict their withdrawal behaviour. Two multi-source and time-lagged studies were conducted to examine this moderated mediation curvilinear model. In Study 1, survey data from 372 leaderâemployee dyads supported the inverted U-shape mediation model from leadersâ perceived overqualification to empowering behaviour, then to employee outcomes (i.e., voice and withdrawal behaviour). In Study 2, we collected data from a sample of 73 team leaders and 286 employees, and the results supported the full model. Taken together, these findings offer a perspective to enrich the understanding of employee overqualification and have important practical implications.Practitioner pointsWhen leaders regard employees as overqualified, they can assist them via the means of appropriate empowerment to best utilize their skills to benefit the company.Leader empowerment can inspire employeesâ voice behaviour but reduce their withdrawal behaviours.To minimize potentially negative aspects from highly overqualified employees, organizations should reduce leadersâ concern about the status threat, and encourage leadersâ proactive responses to these employees so as to achieve positive returns from overqualified employees
Evolution of palladium sulfide phases during thermal treatments and consequences for acetylene hydrogenation
We thank Diamond Light Source for beamline access B18 (SP15151-5) and are grateful to the expertise and help provided by Dr Emma Gibson (UK Catalysis Hub, Harwell) and Diego Gianolio (Beamline Scientist on B18) whilst data collecting. XPS data collection was performed at the EPSRC National Facility for XPS (âHarwellXPSâ), operated by Cardiff University and UCL, under contract No. PR16195. We would also like to thank Prof. Philip R. Davies for helpful discussions on XPS data analysis. This work was partly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0301601), National Natural Science Foundation of China.Peer reviewedPostprin
TWIN: TWo-stage Interest Network for Lifelong User Behavior Modeling in CTR Prediction at Kuaishou
Life-long user behavior modeling, i.e., extracting a user's hidden interests
from rich historical behaviors in months or even years, plays a central role in
modern CTR prediction systems. Conventional algorithms mostly follow two
cascading stages: a simple General Search Unit (GSU) for fast and coarse search
over tens of thousands of long-term behaviors and an Exact Search Unit (ESU)
for effective Target Attention (TA) over the small number of finalists from
GSU. Although efficient, existing algorithms mostly suffer from a crucial
limitation: the \textit{inconsistent} target-behavior relevance metrics between
GSU and ESU. As a result, their GSU usually misses highly relevant behaviors
but retrieves ones considered irrelevant by ESU. In such case, the TA in ESU,
no matter how attention is allocated, mostly deviates from the real user
interests and thus degrades the overall CTR prediction accuracy. To address
such inconsistency, we propose \textbf{TWo-stage Interest Network (TWIN)},
where our Consistency-Preserved GSU (CP-GSU) adopts the identical
target-behavior relevance metric as the TA in ESU, making the two stages twins.
Specifically, to break TA's computational bottleneck and extend it from ESU to
GSU, or namely from behavior length to length , we build a
novel attention mechanism by behavior feature splitting. For the video inherent
features of a behavior, we calculate their linear projection by efficient
pre-computing \& caching strategies. And for the user-item cross features, we
compress each into a one-dimentional bias term in the attention score
calculation to save the computational cost. The consistency between two stages,
together with the effective TA-based relevance metric in CP-GSU, contributes to
significant performance gain in CTR prediction.Comment: Accepted by KDD 202
Optimization of preparation technology on fibre metal laminates (FMLs) for high-temperature applications
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the TCP Family Genes in Spike and Grain Development of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
The TCP family genes are plant-specific transcription factors and play important roles in plant development. TCPs have been evolutionarily and functionally studied in several plants. Although common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop worldwide, no systematic analysis of TCPs in this important crop has been conducted. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey in wheat and found 66 TCP genes that belonged to 22 homoeologous groups. We then mapped these genes on wheat chromosomes and found that several TCP genes were duplicated in wheat including the ortholog of the maize TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1. Expression study using both RT-PCR and in situ hybridization assay showed that most wheat TCP genes were expressed throughout development of young spike and immature seed. Cis-acting element survey along promoter regions suggests that subfunctionalization may have occurred for homoeologous genes. Moreover, proteinâprotein interaction experiments of three TCP proteins showed that they can form either homodimers or heterodimers. Finally, we characterized two TaTCP9 mutants from tetraploid wheat. Each of these two mutant lines contained a premature stop codon in the A subgenome homoeolog that was dominantly expressed over the B subgenome homoeolog. We observed that mutation caused increased spike and grain lengths. Together, our analysis of the wheat TCP gene family provides a start point for further functional study of these important transcription factors in wheat
Genome-wide association studies and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing identify regulatory variants influencing eyebrow thickness in humans
Hair plays an important role in primates and is clearly subject to adaptive selection. While humans have lost most facial hair, eyebrows are a notable exception. Eyebrow thickness is heritable and widely believed to be subject to sexual selection. Nevertheless, few genomic studies have explored its genetic basis. Here, we performed a genome-wide scan for eyebrow thickness in 2961 Han Chinese. We identified two new loci of genome-wide significance, at 3q26.33 near SOX2 (rs1345417: P = 6.51Ă10â10) and at 5q13.2 near FOXD1 (rs12651896: P = 1.73Ă10â8). We further replicated our findings in the Uyghurs, a population from China characterized by East Asian-European admixture (N = 721), the CANDELA cohort from five Latin American countries (N = 2301), and the Rotterdam Study cohort of Dutch Europeans (N = 4411). A meta-analysis combining the full GWAS results from the three cohorts of full or partial Asian descent (Han Chinese, Uyghur and Latin Americans, N = 5983) highlighted a third signal of genome-wide significance at 2q12.3 (rs1866188: P = 5.81Ă10â11) near EDAR. We performed fine-mapping and prioritized four variants for further experimental verification. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing provided evidence that rs1345417 and rs12651896 affect the transcriptional activity of the nearby SOX2 and FOXD1 genes, which are both involved in hair development. Finally, suitable statistical analyses revealed that none of the associated variants showed clear signals of selection in any of the populations tested. Contrary to popular speculation, we found no evidence that eyebrow thickness is subject to strong selective pressure
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