Increasing the Capital Income Tax Leads to Faster Growth

This paper shows that under rather mild conditions, higher capital income taxes lead to faster growth in an overlapping generations economy with endogenous growth. Government expenditures are financed with labor income taxes as well as capital income taxes. Since capital income accrues to the old, taxing it reliefs the tax burden on the young and leaves them with more income out of which to save. We argue that savings are sufficiently interest inelastic so that higher savings and therefore higher growth result. The basic argument is not seriously challenged by a grandfather clause for initial capital or by the old receiving some labor income as well.

Increasing the Capital Income Tax Leads to Faster Growth

This paper shows that under rather mild conditions, higher capital income taxes lead to faster growth in an overlapping generations economy with endogenous growth. Government expenditures are financed with labor income taxes as well as capital income taxes. Since capital income accrues to the old, taxing it reliefs the tax burden on the young and leaves them with more income out of which to save. We argue that savings are sufficiently interest inelastic so that higher savings and therefore higher growth result. The basic argument is not seriously challenged by a grandfather clause for initial capital or by the old receiving some labor income as well.

Temperature dependence of infrared reflectance spectra of InN

To investigate both the optical and electrical properties of InN, we have measured the infrared reflectance spectra of InN thin films and performed the fitting analyses of the infrared spectra to obtain not only phonon frequencies and the damping factors but also the carrier concentration of InN. In this paper, we extend the aim of those analyses to the electron mobility and demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the electron mobility can be discussed using the infrared reflectance spectra analyses

Monte Carlo simulation of ice models

We propose a number of Monte Carlo algorithms for the simulation of ice models and compare their efficiency. One of them, a cluster algorithm for the equivalent three colour model, appears to have a dynamic exponent close to zero, making it particularly useful for simulations of critical ice models. We have performed extensive simulations using our algorithms to determine a number of critical exponents for the square ice and F models.Comment: 32 pages including 15 postscript figures, typeset in LaTeX2e using the Elsevier macro package elsart.cl

An infinite family of convex Brunnian links in RnR^n

This paper proves that convex Brunnian links exist for every dimension $n \geq 3$ by constructing explicit examples. These examples are three-component links which are higher-dimensional generalizations of the Borromean rings.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Long-Term Seizure Suppression and Optogenetic Analyses of Synaptic Connectivity in Epileptic Mice with Hippocampal Grafts of GABAergic Interneurons

Studies in rodent epilepsy models suggest that GABAergic interneuron progenitor grafts can reduce hyperexcitability and seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although integration of the transplanted cells has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for these disease-modifying effects, prior studies have not explicitly examined cell types and synaptic mechanisms for long-term seizure suppression. To address this gap, we transplanted medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells from embryonic day 13.5 VGAT-Venus or VGAT-ChR2-EYFP transgenic embryos into the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice 2 weeks after induction of TLE with pilocarpine. Beginning 3–4 weeks after status epilepticus, we conducted continuous video-electroencephalographic recording until 90–100 d. TLE mice with bilateral MGE cell grafts in the DG had significantly fewer and milder electrographic seizures, compared with TLE controls. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the transplants contained multiple neuropeptide or calcium-binding protein-expressing interneuron types and these cells established dense terminal arborizations onto the somas, apical dendrites, and axon initial segments of dentate granule cells (GCs). A majority of the synaptic terminals formed by the transplanted cells were apposed to large postsynaptic clusters of gephyrin, indicative of mature inhibitory synaptic complexes. Functionality of these new inhibitory synapses was demonstrated by optogenetically activating VGAT-ChR2-EYFP-expressing transplanted neurons, which generated robust hyperpolarizations in GCs. These findings suggest that fetal GABAergic interneuron grafts may suppress pharmacoresistant seizures by enhancing synaptic inhibition in DG neural circuits

Aortoesophageal fistula involving the central aortic arch salvaged with emergent percutaneous TEVAR, great vessel coverage and in vivo graft fenestration

Immediate intervention is needed for aortoesophageal fistulas (AEF), a rare but highly lethal cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Emergent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is considered first-line treatment for massive bleeding from AEFs. We describe an unusual and challenging case of TEVAR coverage of an AEF involving the central aortic arch immediately followed by in vivo endograft fenestration to regain arch vessel perfusion. In vivo fenestration, currently a procedure for emergency or investigational purposes only, was shown to be life saving in our case. The main complications associated with the procedure included stroke and infection, requiring esophagectomy and cervical diversion as well as ongoing antibiotic treatment

Rapid antibody selection by mRNA display on a microfluidic chip

In vitro antibody-display technologies are powerful approaches for isolating monoclonal antibodies from recombinant antibody libraries. However, these display techniques require several rounds of affinity selection which is time-consuming. Here, we combined mRNA display with a microfluidic system for in vitro selection and evolution of antibodies and achieved ultrahigh enrichment efficiency of 106- to 108-fold per round. After only one or two rounds of selection, antibodies with high affinity and specificity were obtained from naïve and randomized single-chain Fv libraries of ∼1012 molecules. Furthermore, we confirmed that not only protein–protein (antigen–antibody) interactions, but also protein–DNA and protein–drug interactions were selected with ultrahigh efficiencies. This method will facilitate high-throughput preparation of antibodies and identification of protein interactions in proteomic and therapeutic fields