Агентно-ориентированный подход к решению логистических задач диспетчеризации материальных потоков

В даній роботі розглядається клас логістичних задач диспетчеризації матеріальних потоків. Даний клас задач має методи вирішення із застосуванням великої кількості підходів з залученням знань із різних областей математики для побудови математичних моделей логістичних систем. Дана робота пропонує і обгрунтовує використання новітнього агентно-орієнтованого підходу для вирішення вказаного типу задач, вперше запропонованого для вирішення задач побудови експертних систем підтримки прийняття рішень та штучного інтелекту.The article discusses class of problems related to material flows dispatching logistic. This class of problems has solutions that involve large quantity of approaches and methods taken from different branches of mathematics for creating models of studied systems. Current work offers using modern agent-oriented approach to solving such kind of engineering problems that was firstly used for creating expert decision making support systems and solving artificial intelligence problems.В данной работе рассматривается класс логистических задач диспетчеризации материальных потоков. Данный класс задач имеет методы решения с применением большого количества подходов с привлечением знаний из разных областей математики, используемых для построения математических моделей логистических систем. В данной работе предложено и обосновано использование нового агентно-ориентированного подхода для решения указанного типа задач, впервые предложенного для решения задач построения экспертных систем поддержки принятия решений и искусственного интеллекта

On the Hyperbolicity of Lorenz Renormalization

We consider infinitely renormalizable Lorenz maps with real critical exponent $\alpha>1$ and combinatorial type which is monotone and satisfies a long return condition. For these combinatorial types we prove the existence of periodic points of the renormalization operator, and that each map in the limit set of renormalization has an associated unstable manifold. An unstable manifold defines a family of Lorenz maps and we prove that each infinitely renormalizable combinatorial type (satisfying the above conditions) has a unique representative within such a family. We also prove that each infinitely renormalizable map has no wandering intervals and that the closure of the forward orbits of its critical values is a Cantor attractor of measure zero.Comment: 63 pages; 10 figure

Dynamics of the Universal Area-Preserving Map Associated with Period Doubling: Hyperbolic Sets

It is known that the famous Feigenbaum-Coullet-Tresser period doubling universality has a counterpart for area-preserving maps of {\fR}^2. A renormalization approach has been used in \cite{EKW1} and \cite{EKW2} in a computer-assisted proof of existence of a "universal" area-preserving map $F_*$ -- a map with orbits of all binary periods 2^k, k \in \fN. In this paper, we consider maps in some neighbourhood of $F_*$ and study their dynamics. We first demonstrate that the map $F_*$ admits a "bi-infinite heteroclinic tangle": a sequence of periodic points $\{z_k\}$, k \in \fZ, |z_k| \converge{{k \to \infty}} 0, \quad |z_k| \converge{{k \to -\infty}} \infty, whose stable and unstable manifolds intersect transversally; and, for any N \in \fN, a compact invariant set on which $F_*$ is homeomorphic to a topological Markov chain on the space of all two-sided sequences composed of $N$ symbols. A corollary of these results is the existence of {\it unbounded} and {\it oscillating} orbits. We also show that the third iterate for all maps close to $F_*$ admits a horseshoe. We use distortion tools to provide rigorous bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of the associated locally maximal invariant hyperbolic set: $$ 0.7673 \ge {\rm dim}_H(\cC_F) \ge \varepsilon \approx 0.00044 e^{-1797}.$

Novel Mouse Model Reveals Distinct Activity-Dependent and –Independent Contributions to Synapse Development

The balanced action of both pre- and postsynaptic organizers regulates the formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The precise mechanisms that control the regional specialization of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation, guide ingrowing axons and contribute to correct synaptic patterning are unknown. Synaptic activity is of central importance and to understand synaptogenesis, it is necessary to distinguish between activity-dependent and activity-independent processes. By engineering a mutated fetal AChR subunit, we used homologous recombination to develop a mouse line that expresses AChR with massively reduced open probability during embryonic development. Through histological and immunochemical methods as well as electrophysiological techniques, we observed that endplate anatomy and distribution are severely aberrant and innervation patterns are completely disrupted. Nonetheless, in the absence of activity AChRs form postsynaptic specializations attracting motor axons and permitting generation of multiple nerve/muscle contacts on individual fibers. This process is not restricted to a specialized central zone of the diaphragm and proceeds throughout embryonic development. Phenotypes can be attributed to separate activity-dependent and -independent pathways. The correct patterning of synaptic connections, prevention of multiple contacts and control of nerve growth require AChR-mediated activity. In contrast, myotube survival and acetylcholine-mediated dispersal of AChRs are maintained even in the absence of AChR-mediated activity. Because mouse models in which acetylcholine is entirely absent do not display similar effects, we conclude that acetylcholine binding to the AChR initiates activity-dependent and activity-independent pathways whereby the AChR modulates formation of the NMJ

Demonstration of Detuning and Wavebreaking Effects on Raman Amplification Effciency in Plasma

A plasma-based resonant backward Raman amplifier/compressor for high power amplification of short laser pulses might, under ideal conditions, convert as much as 90% of the pump energy to the seed pulse. While the theoretical highest possible efficiency of this scheme has not yet been achieved, larger efficiencies than ever before obtained experimentally (6.4%) are now being reported, and these efficiencies are accompanied by strong pulse compression. Based on these recent extensive experiments, it is now possible to deduce that the experimentally realized efficiency of the amplifier is likely constrained by two factors, namely the pump chirp and the plasma wavebreaking, and that these experimental observations may likely involve favorable compensation between the chirp of the laser and the density variation of the mediating plasma. Several methods for further improvement of the amplifier e�ciency in current experiments are suggested

Designing redder and brighter fluorophores by synergistic tuning of ground and excited states

We strategically modified the GFP core via chemical synthesis to make redder and brighter biomimetic fluorophores. Based on quantum calculations, solvatochromism analysis, and femtosecond Raman, we unveiled the additive effect of tuning the electronic ground and excited states, respectively, to achieve a dramatic emission redshift with a "double-donor-one-acceptor" structure

Plants with genetically encoded autoluminescence

Autoluminescent plants engineered to express a bacterial bioluminescence gene cluster in plastids have not been widely adopted because of low light output. We engineered tobacco plants with a fungal bioluminescence system that converts caffeic acid (present in all plants) into luciferin and report self-sustained luminescence that is visible to the naked eye. Our findings could underpin development of a suite of imaging tools for plants

Hypermutable Non-Synonymous Sites Are under Stronger Negative Selection

Mutation rate varies greatly between nucleotide sites of the human genome and depends both on the global genomic location and the local sequence context of a site. In particular, CpG context elevates the mutation rate by an order of magnitude. Mutations also vary widely in their effect on the molecular function, phenotype, and fitness. Independence of the probability of occurrence of a new mutation's effect has been a fundamental premise in genetics. However, highly mutable contexts may be preserved by negative selection at important sites but destroyed by mutation at sites under no selection. Thus, there may be a positive correlation between the rate of mutations at a nucleotide site and the magnitude of their effect on fitness. We studied the impact of CpG context on the rate of human–chimpanzee divergence and on intrahuman nucleotide diversity at non-synonymous coding sites. We compared nucleotides that occupy identical positions within codons of identical amino acids and only differ by being within versus outside CpG context. Nucleotides within CpG context are under a stronger negative selection, as revealed by their lower, proportionally to the mutation rate, rate of evolution and nucleotide diversity. In particular, the probability of fixation of a non-synonymous transition at a CpG site is two times lower than at a CpG site. Thus, sites with different mutation rates are not necessarily selectively equivalent. This suggests that the mutation rate may complement sequence conservation as a characteristic predictive of functional importance of nucleotide sites