Nationalist Movements in the Balkans and Ottoman Government

The 19th century was a century where the Balkans were reshaping by ideological and cultural polarisation. Until this century, the Ottoman Empire have maintained its multireligious, multilingual and multicultural structure without a problem. However in this century, the nationalist uprisings have caused a change in the Empire’s borders, leading to a Balkan region where Ottoman Empire has almost no presence. Notions that came with the French revolution such as freedom, motherland, nation and the policies of major European states have also affected the separation process.  It would be possible to divide Ottoman foreign policy at the time into three eras. The first era is the time until 1865 was the time where the Empire was no longer unrivalled. The second era until 1878, was the era where the Empire guaranteed its territorial integrity and independence via Paris Peace Treaty in 1856. And finally the third era between 1878 and 1908 mainly focused on the balance policies to preserve its territorial integrity. In this era where the Empire was unsettled and vulnerable against interference the policies were based on integrity of the state. Ottoman state governors have tried to attune to the European system which was formed by 1815 Vienna Congress. They have seen internal and external administration as a whole and seeked for a new political culture and identity that can coexist with traditional and western values. They have tried activating the connective power of religion and use religion as a common bonding factor against attacks from Europe. As an external policy, a balance policy that works with the rising powers of the era and makes use of the adverse interests masterfully was being followed.  After the 1877-1878 Ottoman Russian War, as a result of the immigration policies, the situation of the Muslim community was a determinant in the formation of new policies. Railways were used both as a tool of development and external policy. While keeping diplomacy in the foreground, blocks, polarisation and wars were avoided. These policies were not enough to save the state, however extended the life of it.          This study primarily puts emphasis on notions related to nationalism. Furthermore it aims to explore the Balkan nationalism, which led to the end of the Ottoman Empire and characteristics of the Ottoman state policies at the time

Influence of actinomycete isolates on cereal cyst nematode heterodera filipjevi juvenile motility

The effects of 126 actinomycete isolates were investigated in vitro on the motility of the second stage juveniles of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi Madzhidow. Among them, isolate 3208 inhibited the motility of juveniles by 56.6% more than the negative control after one day of exposure. Motility inhibition reached 59.6% with isolate 3307 relative to the negative control after three days of exposure. All active actinomycete isolates were identified at the genus level as Streptomyces spp. Some of the isolates appear promising and worthy of further investigation for use as bio-control agents

Digital Transformation: A Cognitive Study for Organizations to Shape their Journeys

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reveal novelties of digital transformation with a holistic approach based on expert experience, that may help digital business leaders to shape their digital transformation journeys.   Theoretical framework: With the acceleration of technological advancements, the complexity of digital transformation is increasing and it leads to novel impacts. As expected, this raises the difficulty of developing a final methodology. Therefore, there is still more research required to explore these novelties.   Design/methodology/approach: As a basis, existing maturity models and frameworks were inspected. Then, C-Level managers were interviewed to explore the novelties. Axial and selective coding was used to interpret the interview data. Findings: Findings showed that digital transformation is not only about digital technologies but also the transformation of business models and cultural change. In addition, technologies like 5th-generation networks (5G), quantum computing, and blockchain may affect these models more in the future. Organizations may have to consider law regulations, hiring, management support, and customer experience more, to do a successful digital transformation.   Research, Practical & Social implications: Future research is recommended to bring more practitioner experience to the theory and highlight the cultural effects of digital transformation for organizations.   Originality/value: The results show that the complex nature of digital transformation both requires and causes the number of publications to grow exponentially. Also, this can help business leaders to make use of the results to improve their digital transformation strategies

Atatürk Döneminin Son Kazanımı İskenderun Sancağı - Hatay

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Fransızlar ve İngilizlerin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun İskenderun Sancağını da içine alan bölgesini işgal etmesinin sonrasında, Fransa ile ateşkes sağlayan 20 Ekim 1921 tarihli Ankara Anlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bu anlaşma ile Türkiye-Suriye sınırı belirlenmiş ve Sancak için özel bir yönetim uygulaması öngörülmüştür. 24 Temmuz 1922’de Fransa, Suriye ve Lübnan’ın bir parçası olarak İskenderun Sancağını manda yönetimi altına almıştır. Fransızlar Ortadoğu’daki çıkarları doğrultusunda 1936 yılı sonuna kadar oluşturduğu siyasi ve idari düzenlemelerle bölgede yönetimi sağlamıştır. Dış politikada zamanlamanın önemini iyi bilen Atatürk, Hatay’ın Türkiye’ye katılması sürecinde sorunun barışçı ve hukuka uygun bir şekilde çözümlenmesinin aşamalarında belirleyici bir rol oynamıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak resmî arşiv belgelerine ve gazetelere dayanan bu çalışmada, İskenderun Sancağının anavatan topraklarının dışında kalması, 1921 Ankara Anlaşması temelinde verilen taahhütler, Fransa’nın Suriye ve Lübnan Manda Yasası’na dayanarak yürüttüğü uygulamalar, Hatay’ın Türkiye’ye devri ve 23 Haziran 1939 Antlaşması ile bölgeden çekilmesi ile Fransa’ya yapılan ödeme araştırma konusu olarak yer almıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerine göre çalışmanın bulguları kapsamında incelenen belgeler, özgün şekline mümkün olduğunca bağlı kalınarak ve gerektiğinde katılımcıların ifadelerinden doğrudan alıntılar yapılarak betimsel bir yaklaşımla sunulmaktadır

Plane-wave theory of single-crystal upconversion optical parametric oscillators

Ankara : Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Institute of Engineering and Sciences, Bilkent Univ., 1998.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1998.Includes bibliographical references leaves 62-66.'rhis thesis pi'('s('nts a theoi'etical analysis of single-crystal upconversion optical parametric oscillators (OPO’s) where a single nonlinear crystal is used for both the OPO and sum-frequency generation (SPG) or second-harmonic generation (SHG). In these devices, the OPO and SFG/SHG processes are both phase matched for the same direction of propagation inside the crystal. Different polarization geometries for which this simultaneous phase matching condition can potentially be satisfied are identified and categorized, for both biréfringent. a.nd quasi-phcise matching methods. This categorization results in four classes of sumfrequency generating OPO’s (SF-OPO’s) and three classes of self-doubling OPO’s (SD-OPO’s). Plane-wa.ve coupled mode equations a.re presented for each of these seven classes. Solutions of these coupled mode equations, and calculation of the single-pass saturated signal gain are outlined. The dependence of the photon conversion efficiency on various design parameters are investigated. .Λ pulsed plane-wave model that takes into account the temporal profiles of the fields and the group velocity mismatch between pulses is constructed. This model is in good qualitative agreement with experimental measurements of a class-G SF-OPO.Dikmelik, YamaçM.S

Empiric treatment of children with gastroesophageal reflux- like symptoms: Effect of proton pump inhibitors

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is an important cause of morbidity in childhood. Although various diagnostic methods are available, short course of empiric treatment with a proton pump inhibitor is widely used in adults as a diagnostic test. Data about empiric treatment is scarce in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of empiric treatment of reflux-like symptoms in children.Pediatric gastroenterology outpatient files were searched and patients with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux were found. Patient complaints, history and the treatments provided were recorded. Treatment naive patients older than 2 years of age with symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux were selected and included if they were given empiric treatment with a proton pump inhibitor. Empiric treatment was found to be effective in 78% of patients. Treatment response tended to be better in children older than 5 years of age. Of the 22 non-responders 9 underwent endoscopy and pathological findings were discovered in 7 of them. Treatment of children with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms with a proton pump inhibitor might significantly decrease the need for extensive evaluations. However it is important to investigate non-responders to empiric therapy, as it seems there might be high probability of pathological findings

Arap dilinde vahiy- dua ve dünya- ahiret kelimelerinin semantik analizi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bir toplumun dili o toplumun dünya görüşünü yansıtmaktadır. Bu nedenle dilde meydana gelen değişim o toplumun dünya görüşünde meydana gelen değişimi göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada ?Vahiy-Dua ve Dünya-Âhiret? kelimelerinin cahiliye döneminde ve Kur'ân'da hangi anlamlara geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın Kur'ân'ın Arap toplumuna getirdiği yeni dünya görüşünün tespit edilmesine yardımcı olması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda nüzul sürecinin kelimelerin temel anlamlarında bir değişiklik yapmadığı, ancak kelimelere temel anlamlarla bağlantılı yeni anlamlar yüklediği görülmüştür.Language of each society reflects its world-view. That is the reason why changes in Language reflects changes in the world-view of the same society. In this thesis words ?Reveletion-Prayer and World-Hereafter? have been analysed as their meanings apper in pre-Islamic period and in the Quran. The study aims to develop and help understanding the new world-view that Quran brought to the Arabic society. Conclusion reached at the end of the study is that the process of nuzul didnot change the fundamental meaning of words but derived new meanings of them which are built upon these fundamental meanings

TÜRKİYE’DE İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDE İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ UYGULAMALARI: TEKİRDAĞ İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG), çağımızın çağdaş halklarında kişilere verilmiş olan değerin yansıması şeklinde devamlı değişmeye hazır bilim çalışması şeklinde kabul görmektedir. Bu bilim dalının asıl amacı işçileri yaşanacak olan çalışma kazalarından ve mesleki bulaşıcı hastalıklardan uzaklaşmak ve gerekli önlemleri almak, çalışanların her açıdan çok daha güvende oldukları mekanlarda çalışma hayatlarını sürdürmelerini sağlayarak, hukuki, sosyal, ekonomik ve idari açıdan sağlıklı koşullar sağlamaktır. Türkiye’de İSG kavramı ve uygulamalarının 2012’de 4857 Sayılı İş Kanunu’ndan çıkartılarak tek kanun halinde toplanması ve bu konudaki uygulamaların daha da genişletilmesi amacıyla 6331 Sayılı İSG Kanunu yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bununla beraber çalışma hayatına dair düzenleme getiren bir çok yönetmelik yürürlüğe girmiştir. 6331 Sayılı İSG Kanunu ile çalışan niteliği değişmiş, işveren ve işçilerin sorumlulukları da artırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ’da inşaat sektöründe çalışan 600 çalışanla İSG uygulamaları anketi gerçekleştirilmiş, Kanunun çalışma hayatına dair yansımaları araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışanların İSG uygulamaları hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları görülmektedir. Ayrıca, hem kanunun yeni olması hem de yönetmeliklerin geç ve zamanında çıkmaması bu konunun aydınlanması ve aydınlatılması açısından bir eksiklik olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Anketten elde edilen bulgular Tekirdağ ili inşaat sektörü bağlamında İSG uygulamaları hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır.Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) is accepted as a science work that is ready to change continuously in the form of a reflection of the value given to people in contemporary rights of our time. The main purpose of this branch of science is to provide healthy conditions in terms of legal, social, economical and administrative aspects by getting away from occupational accidents and occupational infectious diseases and taking necessary precautions and ensuring that employees continue their working life in places where they are more secure from all angles. In order to collect the concept and applications of OHS in Turkey in 2012 by the Labor Law numbered 4857 and to enlarge the applications in this regard, the OHS Code No. 6331 entered into force. Meanwhile, a number of regulations have been put into force with regulations governing working life. With the OHS Code No. 6331, the quality of employees has changed and the responsibilities of employers and workers have been increased. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted on the OHS applications with 600 employees working in the construction sector in Tekirdağ, and the reflections on the working life of the law were searched. It appears that employees do not have enough knowledge about OHS practices. In addition, both the fact that the law is new and the fact that the regulations do not come up late and on time appear as a shortcoming in terms of enlightenment and clarification of this subject. Findings from the questionnaire provide important information about OHS practices in the context of Tekirdağ province construction sector