Managerial communication as a lever for preventing psychosocial risks in organizations in times of crisis: the case of the Moroccan hospital sector [La communication managériale comme levier de prévention des risques psychosociaux dans les organisations]

Abstract. In a fast-changing world, companies are facing many upheavals and challenges. Therefore, they must adapt to the different social, economic, technological and human changes which deeply affect their methods of organization and management. As a result, employees will be required to adopt new management methods and tools in order to guarantee stability and sustainability. Although psychosocial risks constitute a real public health problem that requires global reflection on the part of both decision-makers and managers, few studies in human resource management have focused on the determinants of these risks and more particularly their protective factors. Hence, this work falls within such a context and it is conducted in the frame of a quantitative research, aiming to put into perspective the role of managerial communication in the prevention of PSR among nursing staff in Moroccan public hospitals in times of crisis.Keywords. PSR; Managerial communication; Prevention; Crisis.JEL. I10; M50; J50

Female single parenthood, poverty and livelihoods strategies in rural area: Evidence from Cameroon

Abstract. In Sub-Saharan Africa, female single-parent families of rural areas face many difficulties in their daily lives. This article analyses the determinants of single parenthood and the livelihoods strategies of single parents facing poverty in the Abang and Longo localities, located in the Nanga-Eboko Sub-division, in Cameroon. The observation of these populations and the analysis carried with the semi-structured interview method in 2021 reveal that these single-parent families suffer from poverty, due to their vulnerable situation. In response to this, in order to meet their basic needs, they develop livelihoods strategies based on family solidarity, social support and small income-generating activities, mainly in the informal sector of the local economy.Keywords. Single parenthood; Poverty; Livelihoods strategies; Cameroon, Daily life.JEL. A13; D10; Z10

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The currency boards of Trinidad (1906-1951) and Barbados (1938-1951)

Abstract. We provide the first spreadsheet data series and legislative history of note issue by the Commissioners of Currency, in Trinidad, and the Board of Commissioners of Currency, in Barbados. The paper assesses how orthodox the operations of these two currency boards were, analyzing both the legislation and statistics from their balance sheets. The two boards’ operations are compared in their structure and level of orthodoxy. There is also some limited discussion of the effects of the boards on the colonies’ economies. The paper makes the various balance sheet data available in machine-readable form for the first time, in a companion spreadsheet workbook.Keywords. Trinidad and Tobago; Barbados; Currency board.JEL. A10; E59; N16

Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Evaluating/auditing corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices

Abstract. The concepts of corporate social responsibility and social audit have been developed to a great extent in the last century. Analysis reveals a mature and sophisticated philosophical framework developed over the decades to enhance the relationship between the laborers, the state and the local government. Furthermore, there exists a framework to audit the economic and social activities of the business and a concern and focus in both the private sector and the public sector towards sustainable practices and a culture of ethical leadership. An audit criterion is developed and an examination of 3 top fortune companies reveals valuable insights into social audit and corporate social responsibility as well as the current best practices and benchmarks in the literature.Keywords. Corporate responsibility, Social audit, Apple, Amazon, Mckesson.JEL. M14

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Meaning of a political system

Witnessing the actual Trump presidency, one searches for conceptual tools to document US decline. The World Justice Project (WJP) comes to mind, attempting to measure rule of law (RL) comparatively. The WJP presents interesting findings for 2017-2020. Canada ranks higher than USA. Venezuela is bottom 128 country. Rationale of rule of law?Keywords. Limited government; Countervailing competences; Natural regularity; Moral law of nature; Locke.JEL. D72; P16; P26; P48

Energy and emissions on the African Continent: Can and will the COP21 treaty be implemented?

Abstract. African nations share a common situation in that they pollute little in terms of CO2s globally speaking, but at the same time global warming may have terrible consequences for the continent, set to face a sharp population increase. They have now access to few energy resources, which is conducive to their poverty.  New renewables belong to the future (solar, wind, geo-thermal), whereas old renewables – wood coal – are a thing of the past. The coal or oil and gas dependent giants must start energy transformation, as must the many countries relying upon traditional biomass. The use of wood coal is simply too large for the survival of the African forest. Under the COP21, African countries have right to financial assistance, especially for more electricity to connect its rural and also many urban people to heating, air-conditioning and the electronic high ways. Without the COP21 promises, decarbonisation will be impossible in Africa, and thus its large need for more energy will lead to more CO2:s.Keywords. COP21 Agreement, African energy diversity, new and old renewables, coal or oil and gas dependency, Super Fund.JEL. A10; A22; A23; B10; E10