Morphologically different hydroxyapatite nanoparticles exert differential genotoxic effects in Drosophila

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABHydroxyapatite (HAP) occurs naturally in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and constitutes the hard structures in many organisms. Since synthetic nano-sized HAP (HAP-NPs) are used in orthopedic applications and for heavy metal remediation in aquatic and terrestrial media, both environment and humans are exposed to them. Due to the concerns about their potential hazards, the genotoxic effects that round/rod forms of HAP-NPs were investigated in Drosophila using the wing-spot and the comet assays. Furthermore, caspase activities were evaluated to examine the activation of cell death pathways. As a novelty, the expression of 36 genes involved in DNA repair was investigated, as a tool to indirectly determine DNA damage induction. Obtained sizes were 35-60 nm (roundHAP-NPs) and 45-90 nm (rodHAP-NPs) with a low Zeta-potential (-1.65 and 0.37 mV, respectively). Genotoxicity was detected in the wing-spot (round form), and in the comet assay (round and rod-like HA-NPs). In addition, increased expression of Caspases 3/7, 8, and 9 activities were observed. For both HAP forms, increased changes in the expression were observed for mismatch repair genes, while decreased expression was observed for genes involved in ATM, ATR, and cell cycle pathways. The observed changes in the repair pathways would reinforce the view that HAP-NPs have genotoxic potential, although more markedly in the round form. Thus, the environmental presence of engineered nanoparticles, including HAPs, raises concerns about potential effects on human health. It is essential that the effects of their use are carefully assessed and monitored to ensure safety and to mitigate any potential adverse effects

N-(3-Oxo-1-thia-4-aza­spiro­[4.5]dec-4-yl)-6-phenyl­imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thia­zole-3-acetamide hemihydrate

The title compound, C21H22N4O2S2·0.5H2O, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the phenyl and imidazothiazole ring systems are 19.16 (9) and 21.37 (9)°. In the imidazothiazole ring systems, the cyclohexane rings adopt chair conformations, while the thiazole rings have distorted envelope conformations. The two mol­ecules are stabilized by intra­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions and the crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Revised: 17.05.2007 Accepted: 04.07.2007

Marine natural products have attracted the attention of biologists and chemists on the world over for the last five decades. The ocean is considered to be a source of potential drugs. Covering around 70 % of the planet surface, the oceans possess a huge potential for the new discovery 1. Th

Further Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Phlomis physocalyx Hub.-Mor. Received: 09.02.2006 Revised: 08.05.2006 Accepted: 16.05.2006

The genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae) is represented by 34 species in Turkey1. Previous investigations on Turkish Phlomis species by our research group led to the isolation and characterization of a number of secondary metabolites such as iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, lignans and flavonoids