35 research outputs found

    The Heterogeneous Earnings Impact of Job Loss Across Workers, Establishments, and Markets

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    Using generalized random forests and rich Swedish administrative data, we show that the earnings effects of job displacement due to establishment closures are extremely heterogeneous across workers, establishments, and markets. The decile of workers with the largest predicted effects lose 50 percent of annual earnings the year after displacement and accumulated losses amount to 250 percent during a decade. In contrast, workers in the least affected decile experience only marginal losses of less than 6 percent in the year after displacement. Workers in the most affected decile tend to be lower paid workers on negative earnings trajectories. This implies that the economic value of (lost) jobs is greatest for workers with low earnings. The reason is that many of these workers fail to find new employment after displacement. Overall, the effects are heterogeneous both within and across establishments and combinations of important individual characteristics such as age and schooling. Adverse market conditions matter the most for already vulnerable workers. The most effective way to target workers with large effects, without using a complex model, is by focusing on older workers in routine-task intensive job

    Ботвосрезающее устройство

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    Ботвосрезающее устройство, содержащее раму с режущим механизмом, отличающееся тем, что режущий механизм выполнен в виде вертикально установленных многозаходных шнеков с заточенной торцевой кромкой, причем сзади шнеков по ходу движения установлен под углом плоский щиток с увеличивающимся зазором в вертикальном направлении

    Очиститель головок корнеплодов от ботвы на корню

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    1. Очиститель головок корнеплодов от ботвы на корню, содержащий горизонтальный вал, на котором посредством крепежных пластин попарно закреплены эластичные очистительные элементы, отличающийся тем, что каждый очистительный элемент состоит из промежуточного и рабочего участков, соединенных между собой, причем рабочие участки выполнены из материала, имеющего большую жесткость и износостойкость по сравнению с материалом промежуточных участков, а длина рабочих участков по крайней мере в два раза меньше длины промежуточных участков

    Транспортер коренезбиральної машини

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    1. Транспортер коренезбиральної машини, що включає розташоване на шківах пруткове полотно, на прутках якого розташовані скоби із жорстко закріпленими скребками, який відрізняється тим, що робоча поверхня скребків розташована під гострим кутом до полотна

    Очиститель головок корнеплодов от ботвы на корню

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    (57) Очиститель головок корнеплодов от ботвы на корню, содержащий горизонтальный вал, на который посредством пластин попарно закреплены эластичные очистительные билы, установленные в виде двухзаходной спирали, отличающийся тем, что на каждой эластичной биле равноудаленно от поперечной оси выполнены отверстия, которые смещены в одну сторону от продольной оси, причем рабочие концы образуют между собой тупой угол

    Коренезбиральна машина

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    1. Коренезбиральна машина, що містить ра­му, на якій в ряд розташовані копіюючі колеса, пристрій для автоматичного ведення машини по рядках коренеплодів, викопуючі робочі органи, очисні вали, прутковий транспортер, бункер, задній міст, відрізняється тим, що транспортер ви­конаний з двох частин Г-подібної форми, перша частина якого утворює гострий кут з горизонталь­ною площиною, причому напрямок кута направле­ний в сторону напрямку руху машини. 2. Коренезбиральна машина по п.1, відрізняється тим, що полотно Г-подібного транспортеру виконане з еластичних стрічок, що мають внутрішні зачепи, до яких прикріплені прутки з несучими скребками

    Очиститель головок корнеплодов от ботвы на корню

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    Очиститель головок корнеплодов от ботвы на корню, содержащий вал, на котором по винтовой линии размещены очистительные билы, закрепленные одним концом на валу прижимными пластинами, имеющими в центральной части криволинейный участок, а их концы выполнены прямолинейной формы, отличающийся тем, что у каждой пары прижимных пластин один из прямолинейных концов с одной из сторон выполнен большей длины, чем с противоположной

    Грунтообробне знаряддя

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    Ґрунтообробне знаряддя, що складається з рами, до якої шарнірно кріпляться підтиснуті до землі пружинами ґрунтообробні катки, яке відрізняється тим, що на повздовжній балці, шарнірно з’єднаній з рамою, з можливістю поперечного провертання, розташована пара ґрунтообробних катків, жорстко з’єднаних між собою, а по лінії розташування центру мас ґрунтообробних катків з рамою шарнірно зв’язана різьбова тяга, на якій в ряд розташовані силові гайки, пружина стиску, позиційна різьбова втулка, зовнішня поверхня якої розташована у кільцевому кронштейні, що шарнірно пов’язаний з повздовжньою балкою, причому довжина циліндричної частини кільцевого кронштейну менша ніж довжина спряженої з нею поверхні позиційної різьбової втулки

    Workers and Occupations in a Changing Labour Market : The Heterogeneous Effects of Mass Layoffs and Social Safety Nets

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    Essay I: Sickness insurance guarantees employees the right to take leave from work when they are sick, but is vulnerable to excessive use. This paper studies which workers react to changes in monitoring by physicians in a large-scale randomised experiment. I use a causal forest to identify heterogeneous effects on the duration of workers’ sickness absence spells. Those who are most sensitive to monitoring have a history of extensive sick leave uptake, low socioeconomic status, and male gender. A targeted monitoring policy is estimated to be 40 percent more efficient than a random one. Essay II: Routine-biased technological change has depressed prospects for workers in exposed occupations, with those displaced in mass layoffs particularly affected. I compare labour market outcomes of displaced routine workers to those of displaced non-routine workers using Swedish microdata. The results show substantial and persistent routine penalties among displaced workers. A possible channel is the loss of occupation- and industry-specific human capital, as routine workers are unable to find jobs similar to those they had before displacement. I do not find evidence that switching to a non-routine occupation reduces routine workers’ losses. Essay III (with Susan Athey, Lisa Simon, Oskar Nordström Skans and Johan Vikström): We study heterogeneity in the impact of job loss in mass layoffs using generalized random forests. We identify the groups of workers who are hit the hardest and document substantial and persistent variation in displacement losses. Worker attributes and semi-aggregate local and industry conditions interact to generate this heterogeneity. Old and less-educated workers lose six times as much as young and highly educated workers. Nevertheless, there is overlap among the losses of these two groups, much of which is related to industries and locations. Working in manufacturing and living in a rural area are strong predictors of severe displacement losses. No simple rule is as effective at identifying vulnerable workers as the more flexible generalized random forest. Essay IV (with Adrian Adermon, Simon Ek and Georg Graetz): Using a new identification strategy, we jointly estimate growth in occupational wage premia and time-varying occupation-specific lifecycle profiles for Swedish workers in 1996–2013. We document a substantial increase in between-occupation wage inequality due to differential growth in premia. The association of wage premium growth and employment growth is positive, suggesting that premium growth is predominantly driven by demand side factors. Wage growth due to occupation-specific skill acquisition was more dispersed in the early years of the sample period. Our results are robust to allowing for occupation-level changes in returns to cognitive and psycho-social skills

    Workers and Occupations in a Changing Labour Market : The Heterogeneous Effects of Mass Layoffs and Social Safety Nets

    No full text
    Essay I: Sickness insurance guarantees employees the right to take leave from work when they are sick, but is vulnerable to excessive use. This paper studies which workers react to changes in monitoring by physicians in a large-scale randomised experiment. I use a causal forest to identify heterogeneous effects on the duration of workers’ sickness absence spells. Those who are most sensitive to monitoring have a history of extensive sick leave uptake, low socioeconomic status, and male gender. A targeted monitoring policy is estimated to be 40 percent more efficient than a random one. Essay II: Routine-biased technological change has depressed prospects for workers in exposed occupations, with those displaced in mass layoffs particularly affected. I compare labour market outcomes of displaced routine workers to those of displaced non-routine workers using Swedish microdata. The results show substantial and persistent routine penalties among displaced workers. A possible channel is the loss of occupation- and industry-specific human capital, as routine workers are unable to find jobs similar to those they had before displacement. I do not find evidence that switching to a non-routine occupation reduces routine workers’ losses. Essay III (with Susan Athey, Lisa Simon, Oskar Nordström Skans and Johan Vikström): We study heterogeneity in the impact of job loss in mass layoffs using generalized random forests. We identify the groups of workers who are hit the hardest and document substantial and persistent variation in displacement losses. Worker attributes and semi-aggregate local and industry conditions interact to generate this heterogeneity. Old and less-educated workers lose six times as much as young and highly educated workers. Nevertheless, there is overlap among the losses of these two groups, much of which is related to industries and locations. Working in manufacturing and living in a rural area are strong predictors of severe displacement losses. No simple rule is as effective at identifying vulnerable workers as the more flexible generalized random forest. Essay IV (with Adrian Adermon, Simon Ek and Georg Graetz): Using a new identification strategy, we jointly estimate growth in occupational wage premia and time-varying occupation-specific lifecycle profiles for Swedish workers in 1996–2013. We document a substantial increase in between-occupation wage inequality due to differential growth in premia. The association of wage premium growth and employment growth is positive, suggesting that premium growth is predominantly driven by demand side factors. Wage growth due to occupation-specific skill acquisition was more dispersed in the early years of the sample period. Our results are robust to allowing for occupation-level changes in returns to cognitive and psycho-social skills
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