Efficiency of Developing Renewable Energy Market in Russia

The goal of this study is to systematize and provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential positive economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of a new mechanism for supporting renewable energy in Russia. It should result in achieving the national medium-term objective to increase the share of renewable energy in the wholesale electricity and capacity market to 2.5 % by 2024. The introduction examines the mechanism for supporting the generators of renewable energy by capacity charge in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. It is assumed that the main positive effects from implementing this mechanism will be the replacement of hydrocarbon fuels burned for generating the electricity in traditional coal or gas power plants; improvement in the trade balance; multiplier effects from the development of RES in related industrial sectors, new value added and jobs in the sectors producing the generating and auxiliary equipment for generators; reduction of carbon dioxide emissions; decrease in average prices in the wholesale electricity market; reduction of expenditure on environmental activities and measures to protect the health in the territories with traditional power plants; additional scal charges. As a result, the quantification of these effects amounts to 47.77 billion rubles in 2024. The authors rely on the experience of foreign countries, expert estimates, forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, research by the Russian Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Community for Renewable Energy Policy in the 21st Century (REN21), statistics of Russian Federal State Statistics Service.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of the project 14–06–00075 “National Economic and Environmental Security: Threats, Effects, and Scenario for Interaction of Economy and Environment.

Wavelet Methods in Steganography

This paper is devoted to graphic information protection by means of computer steganography using wavelet techniques. The methods of the image processing using digital watermarking are classified. Some research of the structure of the digital image is investigated. In the first solution the steganographic system, which usesa discrete wavelet transform for embedding of grayscale watermark into wavelet coefficients of grayscale container is mоdeled and realized. Stego image is achieved by the inverse discrete wavelet transform. Binarization using halftoning algorithm is considered as a kind of powerful attack to stego image. After binarization attack the extracted watermark was found to have acceptable visual quality. The degradation ofthe embedded digital watermark after binarization is estimated using human visual system. Corresponding conclusions on steganographic system stability are drawn. In the second solution we propose the steganographic scheme which uses the proposed wavelet basis images

The elemental composition of Patrinia scabiosifolia

Aim. To study the mineral composition of the aerial organs of Patrinia scabiosifolia Fisch. ex Link. Materials and methods. Objects of research - leaves and flowers of Patrinia scabiosifolia Fisch. The multi-element analysis was performed on an 1CP-MS quadrupole Agilent 7500ce mass spectrometer using a micro-flow nebulizer and a sample introduction system. As external standards, a sample of Baikal water and multicell standard solutions 1CP-MS-68A-A and 1CP-MS-68A-B were used. The analysis was made of the results of quantitative content of mineral components of at least 100 pg/kg and a relative error of determination of not more than 5 %. Results. As a result of the study, the content of 8 macro- and 64 micro- and ultra-microelements was determined in the samples of leaves and flowers of Patrinia scabiosifolia. Of these, 13 elements are classified as essential and conditionally essential - Cu, Fe, 1, Co, C.R., M.N., Mo, S.E., Zn, A.L., B., V., Co, Si. The magnesium content in the test samples is close to the content of this element in Valeriana officinalis. Conclusion. The composition and content of the chemical elements in the flowers and leaves of Patrinia scabiosifolia, which grows on the territory of Eastern Siberia, has been studied. The similarity of the mineral composition of the samples studied and the row of Valeriana officinalis is similar

Charge ordering and interlayer phase coherence in quantum Hall superlattices

The possibility of the existence of states with a spontaneous interlayer phase coherence in multilayer electron systems in a high perpendicular to the layers magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that phase coherence can be established in such systems only within individual pairs of adjacent layers, while such coherence does not exist between layers of different pairs. The conditions for stability of the state with interlayer phase coherence against transition to a charge-ordered state are determined. It is shown that in the system with the number of layers N\leq 10 these conditions are satisfied at any value of the interlayer distance d. For N>10 there are two intervals of stability: at sufficiently large and at sufficiently small d. For N\to \infty the stability interval in the region of small d vanishesComment: 10 page

НАДЛЕЖАЩАЯ ДИСТРИБЬЮТОРСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА: МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ КАЧЕСТВА ДИСТРИБЬЮЦИИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ В РОССИИ

The article describes the main stages of introduction of the Good Distribution Practice (GDP) in Russia following the adoption of new laws making it mandatory for wholesalers to comply with requirements for storage and transportation of medicinal products. The article compares the regulatory requirements of the European Union, Eurasian Economic Commission and the Russian Federation for GDP system development by entities involved in medicines circulation. It highlights the main activities that help a wholesaler create an efficient GDP system. The key role in the implementation of GDP principles is played by the director of the company and the employee in charge. The article analyses the risk-oriented approach that the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare relies upon when supervising wholesalers of medicinal products. It was demonstrated that the compliance of a product with efficacy and safety criteria can only be assured if GDP standards are met.В статье представлены основные этапы внедрения надлежащей дистрибьюторской практики (GDP) в России, связанные с вступлением в силу новых законодательных актов об обязательном соблюдении организациями оптовой торговли правил хранения и перевозки лекарственных препаратов для медицинского применения. Выполнен сравнительный анализ требований нормативных документов Европейского союза, Евразийской экономической комиссии и Российской Федерации, регламентирующих создание системы GDP субъектами обращения лекарственных средств. Обозначены основные разделы работы, по которым строится эффективно функционирующая система GDP в организации оптовой торговли. Отмечена роль руководителя и назначаемого им ответственного лица в реализации принципов надлежащей дистрибьюторской практики. Рассмотрена модель риск-ориентированного подхода, используемого Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере здравоохранения, применяемая в отношении организаций оптовой торговли лекарственными средствами при проведении надзорных мероприятий. Показано, что гарантировать соответствие лекарственного препарата критериям эффективности и безопасности можно только при соблюдении стандартов GDP

Project approach to the development of rural tourism

The authors of the article provide an overview of scientific approaches to the definition of the essence and role of event and gastronomic tourism against the backdrop of the rural tourism promotion currently carried out. The interrelation between all the aforementioned types of tourism and the expediency of their joint development are substantiated. The necessity of holding events in order to smooth out the seasonality of rural tourism and attract tourists interested not only in standard services of rural guest houses but also in entertainment events is proved. Special emphasis is placed on the application of the project approach to the process of creating events. A description of the festivals held in the Vologda region is provided. The main problems of the implementation of project management at the municipal level are identified. The possibility of holding gastronomic festivals within the clusters operating in the region is considered. The example of the «SyrFest» gastronomic festival is used to demonstrate a possible project structure designed for such event