68 research outputs found
Soldierās beliefs in abstinence before and after the implementation of a novel army nicotine-free policy
United States Army soldiers have used tobacco for decades1 despite known health risks associated with these products.2 Material connections between the tobacco industry and the military during the early part of the 20th century, coupled with pervasive advertising images of soldiers using tobacco during combat, served to promote tobacco use among young recruits entering training.3 A variety of policieshave been instituted during the training period, to varied and sometimes suboptimal effect.4 Currently, tobacco (defined as any non-therapeutic nicotine product) is banned during basic combat training (BCT), the first phase of training in a soldierās career, which lasts 10 weeks. It is allowed in the longer subsequent advanced individual training (AIT), during which soldiers learn their military occupationspecialty. Trainee soldiers in an AIT aviation battalion on Fort Eustis in Virginia previously reported a reduction in overall tobacco use following BCT,5 prompting a decision to institute a proposed nicotine-free policy during AIT, which lasts approximately 3ā6 months. This study aimed to determine if the AIT nicotine-free policy implementation process would change the tobacco userās intentionto remain abstinent following AIT, when tobacco use would not be restricted
How studentsā achievement goals shape their beliefs about effective teaching: A ābuild-a-professorā study
The present study tested the hypothesis that students pursuing mastery goals
favour instructors who stimulate and challenge them intellectually, whereas those
pursuing performance goals favour instructors who present material clearly and provide
clear cues about how to succeed
Alkali environments in tellurite glasses
Neutron diffraction measurements are reported for five binary alkali tellurite glasses, xM2O Ā· (100 ā x)TeO2 (containing 10 and 20 mol% K2O, 10 and 19 mol% Na2O, and 20 mol% 7Li2O), together with 23Na MAS NMR measurements for the sodium containing glasses. Differences between neutron correlation functions are used to extract information about the local environments of lithium and sodium. The NaāO bond length is 2.37(1) Ć
and the average NaāO coordination number, nNaO, decreases from 5.2(2) for x = 10 mol% Na2O to 4.6(1) for x = 19 mol% Na2O. The average LiāO coordination number, nLiO, is 3.9(1) for the glass with x = 20 mol% Li2O and the LiāO bond length is 2.078(2) Ć
. As x increases from 10 to 19 mol% Na2O, the 23Na MAS NMR peak moves downfield, confirming an earlier report of a correlation of peak position with sodium coordination number. The close agreement of the maximum in the TeāO bond distribution for sodium and potassium tellurite glasses of the same composition, coupled with the extraction of reasonable alkali coordination numbers using isostoichiometric differences, gives strong evidence that the tellurium environment in alkali tellurites is independent of the size of the modifier cation used
Neurocritical Care Resource Utilization in Pandemics: A Statement by the Neurocritical Care Society
The Strategic Planning in Terms of the Enterpriseās Marketing Potential
The need to address the economic problem of optimizing the distribution of resources in the midst of uncertainty and unpredictability of changes in the economic environment requires formation of an appropriate strategic approach to the management of enterprise by choosing a specific development strategy, the implementation of which should lead to the achievement of desirable economic outcomes. The article analyzes the regularities of strategic planning in terms of the enterpriseās marketing potential. Solving the complex tasks of improving the use of the enterpriseās marketing potential requires a thorough marketing study of business conditions, definition of the market segmentation characteristics and determining the key advantages that would ensure that producers would be sustainable in the competitive concurrence
Systems of two immiscible liquids for a new type of membraneless fuel cells using renewable fuel
Systems of two immiscible liquids are proposed for a new type of membraneless fuel cells using renewable fuel, in which the stationary phase boundary carries out a role of membrane. These systems consist of water, alcohol (preferable ethanol) and a number of electrolytes (salts and bases) leading to the layering of aqueous alcohol. In such systems top phase has significant alcohol content and insignificant electrolyte content, bottom phase has significant electrolyte content and insignificant alcohol content. To study the layering conditions in these systems, binodal curves were plotted for three two-phase liquid systems (EtOH + K2CO3 + H2O; EtOH + K3PO4 + H2O, EtOH + KOH + H2O), using the cloud point method. Comparison of our experimental data with the results of other authors showed that they are consistent for the first and second systems, and the temperature dependence of the binodal curves is clearly visible for the third system. The specific system EtOH ā 30 % m/m; KOH ā 40 % m/m; H2O ā 30 % m/m was taken as the basis for studies of fuel cells based on two immiscible liquids. A further area of research lies in the field of optimizing the composition of both phases, studying the processes of mass transfer in these systems and their physicochemical characteristics
Infra-Red Spectra, Electron Spin Resonance Spectra, and Density of (TeO2)100āxā(WO3)x and (TeO2)100āxā(ZnCl2)x Glasses
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