Low-complexity iterative receivers for multiuser space-time block coding systems

Iterative processing has been shown to be very effective in multiuser space-time block coding (STBC) systems. The complexity and efficiency of an iterative receiver depend heavily on how the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the coded bits are computed and exchanged at the receiver among its three major components, namely the multiuser detector, the maximum a posterior probability (MAP) demodulators and the MAP channel decoders. This thesis first presents a method to quantitatively measure the system complexities with floating-point operations (FLOPS) and a technique to evaluate the iterative receiver's convergence property based on mutual information and extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts.Then, an integrated iterative receiver is developed by applying the sigma mappings for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) constellations. Due to the linear relationship between the coded bits and the transmitted channel symbol, the multiuser detector can work on the bit-level and hence improves the convergence property of the iterative receiver. It is shown that the integrated iterative receiver is an attractive candidate to replace the conventional receiver when a few receive antennas and a high-order M-QAM constellation are employed. Finally, a more general two-loop iterative receiver is proposed by introducing an inner iteration loop between the MAP demodulators and the MAP convolutional decoders besides the outer iteration loop that involves the multiuser detection (MUD) as in the conventional iterative receiver. The proposed two-loop iterative receiver greatly improves the iteration efficiency. It is demonstrated that the proposed two-loop iterative receiver can achieve the same asymptotic performance as that of the conventional iterative receiver, but with much less outer-loop iterations

Probing Triple-W Production and Anomalous WWWW Coupling at the CERN LHC and future 100TeV proton-proton collider

Triple gauge boson production at the LHC can be used to test the robustness of the Standard Model and provide useful information for VBF di-boson scattering measurement. Especially, any derivations from SM prediction will indicate possible new physics. In this paper we present a detailed Monte Carlo study on measuring WWW production in pure leptonic and semileptonic decays, and probing anomalous quartic gauge WWWW couplings at the CERN LHC and future hadron collider, with parton shower and detector simulation effects taken into account. Apart from cut-based method, multivariate boosted decision tree method has been exploited for possible improvement. For the leptonic decay channel, our results show that at the sqrt{s}=8(14)[100] TeV pp collider with integrated luminosity of 20(100)[3000] fb-1, one can reach a significance of 0.4(1.2)[10]sigma to observe the SM WWW production. For the semileptonic decay channel, one can have 0.5(2)[14]sigma to observe the SM WWW production. We also give constraints on relevant Dim-8 anomalous WWWW coupling parameters.Comment: Accepted version by JHE

Mitochondrial genetic differentiation across populations of the malaria vector Anopheles lesteri from China (Diptera: Culicidae)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Anopheles lesteri </it>is a primary vector of <it>Plasmodium </it>spp. in central China. A complete understanding of vector population structure and the processes responsible for the differentiation is important to the vector-based malaria control programmes and for identifying heterogeneity in disease transmission as a result of discrete vector populations. There is no adequate <it>An. lesteri </it>population genetic data available.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Polymorphism of sequence variations in mitochondrial COII and Cytb genes were assessed to explore the level of genetic variability and differentiation among six populations of <it>An. lesteri </it>from China.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 30 (4.37%) and 21 (5.33%) polymorphic sites for mtDNA-COII and Cytb gene, respectively. Totally 31 COII and 30 Cytb haplotypes were obtained. The range of <it>F_ST</it>values was from 0.101 to 0.655 by mtDNA-COII, and 0.029 to 0.231 by Cytb gene. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the percentage of variation within populations (65.83%, 88.48%) was greater than that among populations (34.17%, 11.52%) using both genes. The Tajima's <it>D </it>and Fu's <it>Fs </it>values were all negative, except Tajima's <it>D </it>values of YN and HNB populations, which suggest a large number of low-frequency mutations in populations and the populations were in expansion proceeding.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Levels of genetic variation within <it>An. lesteri </it>populations were higher than among them. While these results may suggest considerable levels of gene flow, other explanations, such as the effect of historical population perturbations can also be hypothesized.</p

Confucian Sports Thought: Combining Sports with Education

Since the reform and opening up, China has developed rapidly, and people’s ideas, ethics, and values have been constantly changing. Because of the changes in the morals and values of students’ parents, it has also brought a significant impact on education. They only focus on student’s academic achievements, and students’ physical quality and moral education are ignored. How should school education do? China’s Confucianism may inspire us. Confucianism attaches importance to moral, intellectual, and physical education, and emphasizes the all-round development of human character, intelligence, and body. Confucianism integrates ethical code into physical activities and achieves the purpose of education. Confucianism inspires us that school physical education should not only focus on improving students’ physical quality but also pay attention to its educational function

Spore photoproduct within DNA is a surprisingly poor substrate for its designated repair enzyme—The spore photoproduct lyase

DNA repair enzymes typically recognize their substrate lesions with high affinity to ensure efficient lesion repair. In UV irradiated endospores, a special thymine dimer, 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine, termed the spore photoproduct (SP), is the dominant DNA photolesion, which is rapidly repaired during spore outgrowth mainly by spore photoproduct lyase (SPL) using an unprecedented protein-harbored radical transfer process. Surprisingly, our in vitro studies using SP-containing short oligonucleotides, pUC 18 plasmid DNA, and E. coli genomic DNA found that they are all poor substrates for SPL in general, exhibiting turnover numbers of 0.01–0.2 min−1. The faster turnover numbers are reached under single turnover conditions, and SPL activity is low with oligonucleotide substrates at higher concentrations. Moreover, SP-containing oligonucleotides do not go past one turnover. In contrast, the dinucleotide SP TpT exhibits a turnover number of 0.3–0.4 min−1, and the reaction may reach up to 10 turnovers. These observations distinguish SPL from other specialized DNA repair enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, SPL represents an unprecedented example of a major DNA repair enzyme that cannot effectively repair its substrate lesion within the normal DNA conformation adopted in growing cells. Factors such as other DNA binding proteins, helicases or an altered DNA conformation may cooperate with SPL to enable efficient SP repair in germinating spores. Therefore, both SP formation and SP repair are likely to be tightly controlled by the unique cellular environment in dormant and outgrowing spore-forming bacteria, and thus SP repair may be extremely slow in non-spore-forming organisms

Design and research into the nonlinear main vibration spring in double-mass high energy vibration milling

Due to the shortcomings of one - mass vibration mill such as inefficiency, high energy consumption and big noise, a double - mass high energy vibration mill, in which transient high vibration intensity is produced, is investigated by applying the non - linear vibration theory. The nonlinear hard - feature variable-pitch spring i0s used in the main vibration system which has the characteristic of the stiffness that can be varied along with the dynamic load. In this way, the goals of operation stabilization and energy saving will be achieved. Results from the field test show that the efficiency is obviously improved, i.e. a 28% increase in the vibration intensity, 10% decrease in energy consumption and 4% decrease in noise. That verifies the correctness of the main vibration system construction. This system can be used by others as a reference design for this field

Assessment of Features between Multichannel Electrohysterogram for Differentiation of Labors

[EN] Electrohysterogram (EHG) is a promising method for noninvasive monitoring of uterine electrical activity. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the multichannel EHG signals to distinguish between term delivery and preterm birth, as well as deliveries within and beyond 24 h. A total of 219 pregnant women were grouped in two ways: (1) term delivery (TD), threatened preterm labor (TPL) with the outcome of preterm birth (TPL_PB), and TPL with the outcome of term delivery (TPL_TD); (2) EHG recording time to delivery (TTD) 24 h. Three bipolar EHG signals were analyzed for the 30 min recording. Six EHG features between multiple channels, including multivariate sample entropy, mutual information, correlation coefficient, coherence, direct partial Granger causality, and direct transfer entropy, were extracted to characterize the coupling and information flow between channels. Significant differences were found for these six features between TPL and TD, and between TTD 24 h. No significant difference was found between TPL_PB and TPL_TD. The results indicated that EHG signals of TD were more regular and synchronized than TPL, and stronger coupling between multichannel EHG signals was exhibited as delivery approaches. In addition, EHG signals propagate downward for the majority of pregnant women regardless of different labors. In conclusion, the coupling and propagation features extracted from multichannel EHG signals could be used to differentiate term delivery and preterm birth and may predict delivery within and beyond 24 h.This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program, grant number 2019YFC0119700, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number U20A20388.Zhang, Y.; Hao, D.; Yang, L.; Zhou, X.; Ye Lin, Y.; Yang, Y. (2022). Assessment of Features between Multichannel Electrohysterogram for Differentiation of Labors. Sensors. 22(9):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2209335211822