Uber die Welch-Fraenkelschen Bazillen und ihre Verwandten im Darmkanal

Der Welch-Fraenkelsche Bazillus, der sich als ein Bodenbakterium weit im Boden verbreitet, ist obligater Anaerobier, und bekannt als Erreger des Gasoedems, welches eine chirurgisch und insbesonders kriegschirurgisch wichtige Wundinfektionskrankheit ist. Die Tatsache, dass dieses Stabchen nicht nur aus dem Boden, sondern auch aus menschlichem Darm gezuchtet wird, hat viele Autoren schon bisweilen beschaftigt. Dieser Bazillus ist Gram-positiv, gross und kraftig, abgerundet, unbeweglich und sporuliert nicht im gewohnlichen Nahrboden. Die Milch wurde sturmisch mit Gasbildung vergoren. Schon nach 20 Stunden schwamm das Kasein deutlich geschieden in truber, immer klarer werdender Molke. Die Kaseingerinnsel wurden ferner nicht wieder durch Peptonisierung gelost, noch kam es nach dem leicht sauerlich bleibenden Geruch zu Eiweissfaulniss. Die oben beschriebene Eigenschaft, die sog. Sturmische Gerinnung , ist charakteristisches Merkmal zur Diagnose-stellung des Welch-Fraenkelschen Bazillus. Der Verfasser hat aus 172 Faeces der Menschen 244 Stamme der Welch-Fraenkelschen Bazillen und 39 ahnliche Stamme, die von erstem Bazillus deutlich voneinander in Eigenstumlichkeit abweicht gezuchtet; d. h. dem Letzteren fehlt die sturmische Gerinnung. Diesen Bazillus nennt der Verfasser einen Verwandten der Welch-Fraenkelschen Bazillen , und vergleicht dieses Stabchen morphologisch und biologisch mit den Welch-Fraenkelschen Bazillen, welche er aus menschlichen Faeces und klassischem Gasoedem isoliert hat. Morphologie: Die Verwandten sind ebenso mit abgerundetem Ende 0.8-1.0μ breit, 4.0-1.0μ, nicht haufig 15μ in der Lange, zuweilen leicht gekrummt, und werden zarter als Welch-Fraenkelche Bazillen beobachtet. Sporen und Kapseln: Nicht nur in gewohnlichen Nahrboden, sondern auch in den alkalischen-, natriumphosphathaltigen Nahrsubstraten und im Hirnbrei nahm der Verfasser keine Sporen oder Kapseln wahr. Aber nur bei aus Gasoedem gezuchtetem Stamm beobachtete er beide im spezifischen antiserumhaltigen Nahrboden. Kolonientypen: Auf d

MDCGA-Net: Multiscale Direction Context-Aware Network With Global Attention for Building Extraction From Remote Sensing Images

Building extraction from remote sensing images (RSIs) requires exploring multiscale boundary detailed information and extracting it completely, which is challenging but indispensable. However, existing solutions tend to augment feature information solely through multiscale fusion and apply attention mechanisms to focus on feature relationships within a single layer while ignoring the multiscale information, which affects segmentation results. Therefore, enhancing the capability of the network to adaptively capture multiscale information and capture the global relationship of features remains a pivotal challenge in overcoming the aforementioned hurdles. To address the preceding challenge, we propose a Multiscale Direction Context-aware network with Global Attention (MDCGA-Net), employing a classic encoder–decoder architecture enhanced with direction information and global attention flow. Specifically, in the encoder part, the multiscale layer is used to extract contextual information from the interlayer. In addition, the multiscale direction context-aware module is adopted to adaptively acquire multiscale information. In the decoder part, we propose a global attention gate module to capture discriminative features. Furthermore, we construct an operation of attention feature flow to obtain the global relationship among the different features with long-range dependencies, which guarantees the integrity of results. Finally, we have performed comprehensive experiments on three public datasets to showcase the efficacy and efficiency of MDCGA-Net in building extraction

Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Composited Films Based on Potato Starch/Glycerol/Gelatin

The use of plastics is resisted worldwide. Therefore, finding alternatives to plastic packaging products is an urgent issue. This work was dedicated to the preparation of biodegradable composited films with potato starch, glycerol, and gelatin. The formulation of the biodegradable film was first optimized via response surface methodology combined with the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method that considered physical properties (thickness, water solution (WS), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E%)) and barrier property (light transmittance (T%)). Results indicated that the optimal conditions were 2.5% starch, 2.0% glycerol, and 1.5% gelatin (based on water). The optimized film presented excellent properties with TS of 4.47 MPa, E% of 109.91%, WS of 43.64%, and T% of 41.21% at 500 nm, and the comprehensive evaluation score of the composite film was 28.68. Moreover, a model verification experiment was further conducted, which proved that the predicted value highly matched experimental values, indicting the credibility and accuracy of the model. The resulting films were further characterized on the basis of rheological measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological measurements proved that the film-forming solution exhibited low shear viscosity and non-Newtonian fluid behavior. FTIR and SEM revealed excellent compatibility among starch, glycerol, and gelatin. Hence, the resulting optimized film may be expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the food packing industry

Improvements for Tissue-Chopping-Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method of Chloroplast Proteins

Immunofluorescence staining is a very common method for the subcellular localization study of proteins. A tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method for chloroplast proteins overcomes the restriction of plant cell wall, makes the operation simpler, and uses less experimental materials. Here we provide some improvements for this method. We found that the stained tissues can be directly observed with a confocal microscope without tissue lysis. Samples maintained at a low temperature (0–4 °C) throughout the process can reduce the intensity of chlorophyll autofluorescence and the background signal. A low temperature is also good for the storage of the sample. Fluorescence signal of the stained samples can be kept for several weeks if they are stored at −20 °C. FtsZ is an essential component of the chloroplast division apparatus. We demonstrated this method with the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in wildtype Arabidopsis and some chloroplast division mutants. We also successfully tested this method by the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in many other plants, including woody plants. With these procedures, the performance of tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method are further improved

Chemical Constituents with Anti-Proliferative Activity on Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells from the Roots of <i>Anthriscus sylvestris</i> (L.) Hoffm.

A chemical investigation of Anthriscus sylvestris roots led to the isolation and characterization of two new nitrogen-containing phenylpropanoids (1–2) and two new phenol glycosides (8–9), along with fifteen known analogues. Structure elucidation was based on HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). In addition, compounds 3, 6, 9–10, 12, and 17 exhibited inhibitory effects against the abnormal proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells with IC50 values ranging from 10.7 ± 0.6 to 57.1 ± 1.1 μM

Effect of Dicarboxylate Ligands on the Construction of Cd(II) Complexes Based on a Flexible Bis-Triazole Ligand

<div><p>In this work, two dicarboxylate ligands, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (H₂oba) and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H₂bpdc) were employed as coligands to perform a comparison on the structures of Cd(II)-btmx complexes (btmx = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene) motifs. Two new complexes, {[Cd(btmx)(oba)]·H₂O}_n (1) and [Cd(btmx)(bpdc)]_n (2), have been synthesized and characterized. Structural analyses show that 1 shows a 1D double-chain, while 2 displays an undulating 2D 4⁴-<i>sql</i> network with 2-fold interpenetration. The structural differences of the two complexes suggest that the dicarboxylate ligands have great impact on the formation of such coordination architectures. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 have also been investigated.</p></div