Enlivening the Waterfront: Crime prevention through design

This paper proposed a theoretical design principle to enlivening waterfront space planning for crime prevention. Waterfront is usually the focal point of urban or port activity and became the symbiosis between water-related and urban-based functions. Increasing reports on crime problem have caused design, planning and development of waterfronts to be challenging and contentious. This study involved qualitative method and observation to Lumut Waterfront in Perak, Malaysia. Design approaches were identified based on crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Characteristics and criteria of CPTED were adapted to emphasise on public safety. It may be costly, but safety is more important.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Crime Prevention; Environmental Design; Public Safety; Waterfron

Information sharing on effects of exposure to building materials in adaptation projects / Sabarinah Sh Ahmad ... [et al.]

Research findings confirm the existence of hazardous and toxic substances in most building materials. There is limited studies and information on building materials and the effects to health and safety. This study develops an evaluation method that is used to identify the presence of hazardous substances from building materials and assess their public health impact. The information allows stakeholders to identify potential risks and could improve knowledge sharing on building materials information on health and safety in the built environment industry

Fly Ash as a Cementitious Material for Concrete

This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area

Mechanical Properties of Artificial Lightweight Geopolymer Aggregate (ALGA) Concrete using Volcano Mud with Various Sintering Temperature

The mechanical properties of artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA) using volcano mud in concrete have been investigated at various sintering temperature. The volcano mud was mixed with alkaline activator, formed into spherical pellets, then sintered in the furnace at temperature of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 950°C, and 1000 °C. The lightweight concrete with density below than 1800 kg/m3 can be achieved at sintering temperature ALGA of 950 °C. The optimum compressive strength of 30.1 MPa was achieved at 28 days of testing. The lower water absorption of ALGA concrete was produced with 5-8 in range

Chapter Fly Ash as a Cementitious Material for Concrete

This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area

Performances of Artificial Lightweight Geopolymer Aggregate (ALGA) in OPC Concrete

The non-availability of natural lightweight aggregate and demand are increasing in worldwide, thus new alternatives on producing artificial aggregate should be developed. This paper discussed on the mechanical properties of artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA) made from LUSI mud and alkaline activator in concrete. LUSI means Sidoarjo mud from Indonesia which erupted on 2006 with high volume and impacted an area of almost 770 hectare. The alkaline activator used was combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The geopolymer paste formed need to be pelleted and sintered at 950 °C. The results showed that the compressive strength of OPC-ALGA concrete is 41.89 MPa at 28 days of testing with a density of 1760.1 kg/m3 which can be classified as lightweight concrete. The water absorption of ALGA concrete is 2.77%

Utilization of bottom ash for alkali-activated (SI-AL) materials: a review

In Malaysia, 180 tons/day of solid waste bottom ash are produced by a Tanjung Bin power station, which is one of the four coal power plants in Malaysia. Hence, to overcome this problem, the solid waste could be used as source material in construction industry using geopolymer technique. Alkali-activated materials are introduced as an alternative materials to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction industry. There are many types of alkaline activator raw materi als such as bottom ash, fly ash, metakaolin and so on that can be substituted the materials existing such as cement and fine or course aggregate in the market now to make any production where the materials are coming from waste.The geopolymerization process involves a substantially fast chemical reaction under alkaline conditions with Si and Al minerals that results in a three‐dimensional polymeric chain and ring structure consisting of Si‐O‐Al‐O. The higher Si‐O‐Al‐O bonds are contained in the geopolymer, the higher compressive strength results will find. Several types of building materials such as

A study of Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) for calcium oxalate renal screening

Nephrolithiasis is a process of stone formation in the kidney by crystallization. The increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis from time to time had sought an alternative from the conventional imaging techniques that is invasive, radiative, and non-rapid usage. This paper enclosed a design simulation study of Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) system using COMSOL Multiphysics for renal imaging. MIT is a soft field tomography and non-contact imaging modality which can project the passive electromagnetic properties (conductivity, permittivity and permeability) under the principle of electromagnetic induction. In this research, 8 copper transreceiver coils were employed in the MIT system and fixed by the insulation belt. Meanwhile, geometric set-up of renal organ was set to imitate the transverse section of human renal. In the methodology, sensor performance analyses were done using frequency ranging from 50 kHz to 2 MHz of the MIT system on radii of calcium oxalate in renal. The sensor response and pattern are discussed in this paper

Visual Signal Device (VSD) For Deaf Sports Athletics Malaysia

Previous study revealed that the advancement of technology has widen the potential for all individual including the disable to participate in any sport competition. Deaflympic and Malaysia Deaf Games,SOPMA respectively provide the opportunity for the deaf people to compete in sports event internationally and locally. From the literature, it is shown that deaf individuals have some visual-spatial advantages relative to hearing individuals. Hence, in this study, Visual Signal Device (VSD) being developed as a sight-based visual starting system for deaf sports athletes in track and field event. VSD system consist of a RGB LED panel, controller and the SEIKO brand electronic gun. The VSD system were explored to see its effectiveness during the sports for deaf people. The results show that, VSD successfully employed during the recent SOPMA 2018 in Perak, Malaysi