Pilot Study Of Electromyography Analysis Of The Arm Muscle Using Levenberg-Marquadt Back Propagation Neural Network

The study on the EMG signal is useful in providing the information regarding to the force and motion command that can be used in clinical research, rehabilitation and assistive technology. However, it is difficult for one feature parameter to reflect as a unique feature of the measured EMG signals to the force and motion commands perfectly. Moreover, it is challenging to identify and classify the muscle force that exerted by a muscle and the muscle activities according to a specific movement. This research aims to propose EMG signal pattern recognition that based on back propagation neural network approach to identify the force and motion commands. This research focuses on the upper arm muscle, which is the biceps brachii muscle that leads in the improvement of the system of the prosthetic upper arm. The proposed EMG signal pattern recognition is consisting of data acquisition, data processing, data classification and data testing. The data acquisition phase is designed to acquire EMG signal from the subject. Features extraction for the EMG signal is carried out in the data processing phase. In this phase, statistical features such as maximum amplitude, mean and root mean square are computed for the features extraction purpose. In data classification phase, the three extracted time domain features are used as inputs to train the measured EMG signal via Levenberg-Marquadt backpropagation neural network training function. Then the EMG signal is classified via conjugate gradient backpropagation neural network training function. In data testing phases, three additional subjects are selected to follow the proposed EMG signal pattern recognition phases. In this research, muscle force model is used to determine the value of the force exerted by the biceps muscle. The muscle force model is based on the lever system in human body, which is third class lever. The results from the statistical analysis shows that the changes of the amplitude of the EMG signal are changing correlated to the changes of the muscle force exerted by the biceps muscle depending on the size of the loads. The analysis of pattern recognition for the measured EMG signal shows a good performance of the classification. The EMG signal can be classified based on the tasks of different weight of loads and different angle of the arm motion. The analysis of the muscle force model shows that the value of the muscle force exerted by the biceps muscle is different for all subjects. As the conclusion, it is proved that this research has been successfully accomplished and the relevance of the relationship between the changes in the movement of the hand towards the EMG signal changes and the changes of the force exerted by the biceps muscle has been proved. These findings are useful to be applied on the development of the assistive technology in helping the disabled person. These findings also can lead to improve the system of the assistive technology, especially for the improvement of prosthetic arms

McCabe’s complexity and CK Metrics on the internal quality of test first implementation in Malaysian education settings

Test first is promoted in test driven development method as one of an effective Agile manifesto in producing a better quality applications. Several research have been conducted in education settings and among industrial practitioners in order to investigate the test first contribution in producing better quality software compared to a traditional approach. This paper focuses on studying the internal quality of the project developed by undergraduates with the implementation of test first over test last approach in Malaysian education settings. In the analyses, JHawk is used as the metrics extraction tools, and the analysis utilized the SPSS and G*Power statistical packages. The metrics collected are based on six object oriented metrics by Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) and the McCabe’s cyclomatic complexity (CC). However, only four CK Metric (Lack of Cohesion in Method, Coupling between Objects, Weighted Methods per Class, and Response for a Class) were evaluated, in addition, the complexity is measured based on McCabes’s CC. The outcome based on t-test and Mann-Whitney test shows that none of the metrics is statistically significant for test first in producing better internal quality; however, the hypothesis is accepted due to the effect size and achieved power contributed by the Weighted Method per Class

Analisis Lafaz Tanshurullaha dalam Tafsir Fi Zilal Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir Al-Kabir

Helping others is mandatory in certain ways that one's fellow human beings can understand. But in the Qur'an Allah not only commands people to help their neighbors, Allah also commands us to help Him, there are different interpretations among ulama regarding the sentence nashrullah. In this study, the author will express the thoughts of Sayyid Qutb in his interpretation of Fi Zhilâl al-Qur'an and al-Râzi in Tafsîr al-Kabîr against lafaz nashrullah. The goal is to find out how different interpretations of lafaz nashrullah according to Sayyid Qutb and al-Râzi. The results showed that in sayyid Qutb's view, nashrullah is done by purifying the values of godliness and reviving His manhaj and shari'a. Meanwhile, according to al-Râzi nashrullah is to fight against the infidels as the Messenger of Allah did to defend Allah t and this religion of Islam from their insults and slurs. Tolong-menolong terhadap sesama merupakan hal wajib dilaksanakan dengan cara-cara tertentu yang dapat dipahami sesama manusia. Namun dalam al-Qur’an Allah tidak hanya memerintahkan manusia untuk tolong-menolong antar sesama mereka, Allah juga memerintahkan kita untuk menolong-Nya, di sini muncul perbedaan para ualam dalam menafsirkan makna kalimat nashrullah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan mengungkapkan pemikiran Sayyid Qutb dalam tafsirnya Fi Zhilâl al-Qur’an dan al-Râzi dalam Tafsîr al-Kabîr terhadap lafaz Nashrullah. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbedaan penafsiran lafaz nashrullah menurut Sayyid Qutb dan al-Râzi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pandangan Sayyid Qutb, nashrullah dilakukan dengan cara memurnikan kembali nilai-nilai ketauhidan dan menghidupkan kembali manhaj dan syariat-syariat-Nya. Sedangkan menurut al-Râzi nashrullah adalah melakukan peperangan melawan kaum kafir sebagaimana dilakukan Rasulullah untuk membela Allah t dan agama Islam ini dari hinaan dan cercaan mereka

Exploring Psychological Well-Being Among Tahfiz Al-Quran Students: Emprical Study Using Psychoeducation Counseling and Therapy

This study aims to explore mental stress, self-efficacy and coping strategies that contribute to the stability of tahfiz students' mental health. This study is a qualitative study that uses phenomenological methods in psychoeducational group counseling. The respondents of this study consisted of 5 students of Tahfiz School and Malaysian Armed Forces Orphans (STAY ATM) who were 17 years old. Data analysis using content analysis techniques. The results of the study found that the mental stress faced by tahfiz students is caused by parental coercion, military- lifestyle and environmental factors. As a result of the mental stress experienced, emotional changes also occur. In the aspect of self-efficacy, tahfiz students have personal advantages such as being talented in various fields, extroverted, and independent, but their introvert attitude, low self-esteem and not knowing how to manage time are also their weaknesses. From the aspect of coping strategies, tahfiz students have a mature and rational coping strategy in managing the mental stress they face and have a clear future plan. Al Quran approach clearly shows that it can have a positive effect on the mental stability of tahfiz students. The results of this study have positive implications for students, parents, STAY ATM’s and community

ISO 9126 Quality Model For Evaluating of Student Portal: Al-Madinah International University (Case study)

E-learning is a teaching system that involves electronic resources such as computers and the Internet, and the student portal is an essential tool that supports learning in universities. However, there is a limited evaluation model for educational websites. Therefore, a framework is required to guide the creation of such a model. The study conducted evaluates the quality of the student portal at Al-Madinah International University based on ISO 9126 quality model from the student's perspective, and the results show a good quality portal. Nonetheless, students suggest improvements to enhance its effectiveness, ease of use, and learning process. Keywords: ISO 9126; Al-Madinah International University; Quality Model; Student Portal. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER and cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8iSI15.510

Intelligent profile analysis graduate entrepreneur (iPage) system using business intelligence technology

The increase use of information in Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) is resulted from the process of huge and complex data in several stages and at different locations.This situation leads to the difficulties of data management and problematic usage for decision making. Business Intelligence (BI), which is, the process of collecting, analyzing, and transforming data using Data Warehouse (DW) is seen as one of the growing approaches to provide meaningful information.The MOHE is responsible for managing various activities to promote the graduate entrepreneurs to venture into the business and ensure the country has many successful entrepreneurs.Therefore, systematic and accurate information needs to be available for planning, implementation, and monitoring entrepreneurs' performances.This paper proposes the modeling and designing of the graduate entrepreneur profile application called Intelligent Profile Analysis Graduate Entrepreneur (iPAGE) using BI technologies and supporting by a DW approach.Two main methodologies were used namely: Requirements Centric Operational Data Store (ReCODS) and Rapid Application Development (RAD) to develop this system.The iPAGE system was validated and evaluated by iPAGE users and DW experts.It is used to be a guideline for the development of an entrepreneur information system in the future

Social influence and eco-label factors towards purchase intention of home products: A PLS approach / Nor Hashima Hashim ... [et al.]

Consumers today are more aware of environmental issues. This rise in ecologically conscious consumer behavior sometimes known as green consumers has seen an incease in many studies on the nature of green consumers in different markets. This study examines the attitude-behavior relationship that integrates two factors, namely: social influence and knowledge of eco-labels to examine their influence in the intention to purchase green home electronic products.The green home electronic products for this study are air conditioner, television and refrigerator. Using convenience sampling, 251 self-administered questionnaires were acquired from the consumers. The result indicates that social influence and eco label are significant influencers on green purchase intention of home electronic products. The results of this study will support marketers to have an all-inclusive marketing plan and promotional approaches to attract consumers to participate in buying green product. Implication for marketers is further discussed

Impact of initialization of a modified particle swarm optimization on cooperative source searching

Swarm robotic is well known for its flexibility, scalability and robustness that make it suitable for solving many real-world problems. Source searching which is characterized by complex operation due to the spatial characteristic of the source intensity distribution, uncertain searching environments and rigid searching constraints is an example of application where swarm robotics can be applied. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the famous algorithms have been used for source searching where its effectiveness depends on several factors. Improper parameter selection may lead to a premature convergence and thus robots will fail (i.e., low success rate) to locate the source within the given searching constraints. Additionally, target overshooting and improper initialization strategies may lead to a nonoptimal (i.e., take longer time to converge) target searching. In this study, a modified PSO and three different initializations strategies (i.e., random, equidistant and centralized) were proposed. The findings shown that the proposed PSO model successfully reduce the target overshooting by choosing optimal PSO parameters and has better convergence rate and success rate compared to the benchmark algorithms. Additionally, the findings also indicate that the random initialization give better searching success compared to equidistant and centralize initialization

Optical properties of reduced graphene oxide-coated tellurite glass doped at different erbium composition

Graphene-based nanomaterials have significant potential to be used as coating materials for glass performance. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated tellurite glass was synthesized via melt-quenching and low-cost spray coating techniques for improving the optical properties in the glassy matrix. The structural properties investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural arrangement of an amorphous nature phase meanwhile, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis proved the morphological structure images of rGO onto the tellurite glass surface. The refractive index value of rGO-coated glass was found higher in the range of 2.402 - 2.775 due to the graphene-based effects. The optical bandgap energy value of rGO-coated glass was improved from 1.913 - 2.980 eV which correlated to the changes in rGO absorption characteristics. The Urbach energy showed a high number of defects in absorption with the presence of rGO structures. By virtue of improved optical properties, the rGO-coated glass may be beneficial to be used as a glass coating material f or high optical performance of fiber optics

Testing in blockchain-based systems: a systematic review

The Internet of Things (IoT), insurance, healthcare, government systems, financial services, and other industries have recently adopted the blockchain technology. As blockchain technology evolves, the list will continue to expand. Implementing blockchain technology is becoming more challenging due to various problems such as throughput issues, user identity exposure, and smart contract vulnerability. Therefore, blockchain-based technology should undergo appropriate testing before deploying to a broader range of businesses. This study conducted a comprehensive systematic review on testing the blockchain systems based on three main issues; performance, privacy and smart contract, which aims to identify opportunities for future research. The recently published publications are extracted from two selected digital libraries, IEEE Xplore and Scopus, by applying selected search terms and conditions. This research found that 27.78% of the relevant research is based on blockchain performance testing, 27.78% on blockchain privacy testing, and 44.44% on blockchain smart contract testing. It was observed that more research focuses on smart contract issues than other issues