Genetic diversity analysis of Nardostachys jatamansi DC, an endangered medicinal plant of Central Himalaya, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

The genetic diversity analysis of eight populations of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. collected from different altitude of Central Himalaya has been attempted using 24 sets of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. These sets of RAPD marker generated a total of 346 discernible and reproducible bands across the analysed population with 267 polymorphic and 75 monomorphic bands. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters: I, II and III. The cluster I was represented by N. jatamansi population collected from Panwali Kantha (3200 m asl) and Kedarnath (3584 m asl), India together with Jumla (2562 m asl) from Nepal. Cluster II included collections from Har Ki Doon (3400 m asl) and Tungnath (3600 m asl) from India while Cluster III was represented by collections from Munsiyari (2380 m asl), Dayara (3500 m asl) and Valley of Flowers (3400 m asl) from India. The clustering of these populations was independent of variations in altitude and geographical locations. The genetic variations observed in different populations of Jatamansi might be due to environmental influences (biotic and abiotic), rather than altitude level differences. The abiotic (geographical or climatic differentiation) and biotic (pollination between population and seed dispersal) factors might be responsible for the genetic variations among these accessions of Jatamansi.Keywords: Genetic diversity, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Nardostachys jatamansi, Central Himalaya, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 2816-282

भा कृ अनु प - केंद्रीय समुद्री मात्स्यिकी अनुसंधान संस्थान, कोच्ची में वर्ष 2017 के दौरान आयोजित राजभाषा हिंदी के कार्यक्रम

भा कृ अनु प - केंद्रीय समुद्री मात्स्यिकी अनुसंधान संस्थान, कोच्ची में वर्ष 2017 के दौरान आयोजित राजभाषा हिंदी के कार्यक्र

Study of antepartum haemorrhage and its maternal and perinatal outcome

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract after the period of viability until delivery of fetus. Etiology includes placenta previa, abruptio placentae, local causes, systemic causes and idiopathic origin. Objective of this study was to identify factors associated with APH, and to quantitate maternal morbidity, mortality and perinatal outcome in patients with APH at a tertiary care center in India.Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study and patient information was obtained from delivery records of 100 women presenting at gestational age of 28 weeks and above with APH. All patients with bleeding per vagina after 28 weeks of gestation were included in the study and were grouped as – Placenta Previa (PP), Abruptio Placenta (AP) or unknown causes.Results: Out of total 100 cases of APH, placenta previa contributed to 80%, abruptio placenta 19% and 1% unknown causes. Overall maternal mortality was 6%. Perinatal mortality was 42%. Prevalence of low birth weight and preterm babies was high.Conclusions: APH is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality which could be prevented by early registration, regular antenatal care, early detection of high risk cases, and early referral to higher center. Good facilities for caesarean section, availability of blood banks and multidisciplinary approach with a good NICU can improve maternal and perinatal outcome of APH. The results of this study were found in good agreement with previous studies

Transfusion practices in obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary care center

Background: This study was an effort to identify and highlight existing transfusion practices in our hospital, including the indications of various blood components used and the allergic reaction encountered. Obstetric hemorrhage remains major cause of maternal mortality worldwide and Blood transfusion can be a lifesaving intervention.Methods: This was a prospective cross- sectional study conducted on 172 patients who underwent blood and blood component transfusion. Hb concentration <7g/dL was determined to be an indication for blood product transfusion.Results: In this study the most common indication for blood transfusion was antenatal patient with anemia (32.8%) followed by ruptured ectopic pregnancy (19.5%) and postpartum hemorrhage (18.8%). Amongst gynecological patients, the most common cause for transfusion was abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) (61.4%). Majority patients were given single unit transfusion. Adverse reactions found in our study were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Therefore this study concludes that we still need to go a long way in order to train the medical fraternity at all levels to learn to identify the valid indications for transfusion and select appropriate component for management

Entrepreneurship in India's handicraft industry with the support of digital technology and innovation during natural calamities

This research aimed to identify the characteristics that either foster or stifle digital innovation and entrepreneurship amongst small businesses operating in the Handicraft industry during times of economic downturn. In the eyes of young Indian craft entrepreneurs, digital technology is essential for surviving the crisis and would help, for the most part, the artisanal and handmade goods market and the entrepreneurial spirit. Fifty owners of online handicraft businesses, all of whom held unique craft skills, were interviewed using a qualitative technique, and the researcher then utilized inductive (qualitative) content analysis to draw out common threads from the transcripts. The findings showed that the Pandemic's internal and external factors encourage the movement of handicraft businesses to digital platforms, fostering entrepreneurship and digital innovation. The respondents identified several obstacles, including a lack of available high-quality digital infrastructures, the spread of pandemics, market worries over digital platforms, and the lack of knowledge and IT skills required to run an online business. The article's findings contribute to the growing body of digital information on novel approaches to entrepreneurship and suggest avenues for carrying out quantitative research toward the end of creating aid programmes for proprietors of handmade goods enterprises during economic downturns. This could serve as a standard against which new policies and tactics for reviving the economy and expanding the handmade goods industry through technological and entrepreneurial ingenuity can be measured.peer-reviewe

Role of Encoders and PLC in Electrical Control Drives of CNC Machines and Automation

Today is the age of automation with the applications of Electrical Power and Drives, invariably, in all modern industries,CNC machines, transportation system, Metro Trains, Automobile Vehicles and domestic applications. PLCs and microcontrollers are inbuilt combination of various Digital Integrated Circuits. Most of the automobile vehicles(medium and heavy) are rapidly changing the mechanical drives and engine parts with electrical and electronic control devices. This includes,ignition control, combustion, engine cooling and emergency signals.Electrical drives are playing vital role in speed variation with reduced power consumption for heavy duty motor. In this paper,efforts have been made, to focus on the role and application of Encoder and PLC, in CNC Machines and Automation

Platelet aggregation, mean platelet volume and plasma fibrinogen as risk factors for acute myocardial infarction

Background: The Aim of this study was to assess the role of platelet aggregation, mean platelet volume (MPV) and plasma fibrinogen levels in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted on 30 cases of AMI and 30 normal healthy age and sex matched controls. The cases and controls were investigated for platelet aggregation studies (done in platelet rich plasma (PRP) using light transmission chrono-log optical aggregometer), MPV (measured by automated cell counter) and plasma fibrinogen levels (estimated by Clauss method).Results: The mean platelet aggregation (%) in cases AMI was 57.61±11.91 which was significantly higher compared with 35.00±10.40 for healthy controls (p<0.001). Using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, most patients of AMI had a platelet aggregability of ≥49% on optical aggregometry (sensitivity = 83.3 % and specificity = 93.7%). The MPV (fL) in cases of AMI was 8.04±0.39 which was significantly larger when compared with 7.67±0.43 for controls (p= 0.001). The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration in cases of AMI was 383.1±48.3mg/dl which was significantly higher when compared with 271.33±57.7mg/dl for healthy controls (p<0.001).Conclusions: Platelet hyperaggregability, elevated MPV and plasma fibrinogen levels are found in patients with AMI and contribute significantly to risk of developing coronary thrombosis. These variables should be considered as additional screening tools to identify individuals at increased risk of developing AMI

A study to assess the effectiveness of clinical teaching on the level of knowledge regarding nursing care bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia among ICU nursing officers at AIIMS Bhopal

Background: Healthcare is a professional area bound to the ethical foundation of “do no harm.”, But in the current scenario, a rush to promote the curative scenario has led to the total downplay of the preventive aspect of care. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding nursing care bundle for the prevention of VAP among nursing officers before and after clinical teaching and to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical teaching. Methods: This pretest-post-test study was conducted on nursing officers working in the ICU of the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 100 nursing officers were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling technique. The self-structured tool was validated by 10 experts with a mean CVI value of 0.94. The reliability of the self-structured knowledge questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and found to be 0.87. The collected data was analysed for frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and association. Results: Findings showed that the mean knowledge score was 18.46±3.543 before intervention. After the intervention of video-assisted clinical teaching, a post-test was conducted, and the mean post-test knowledge scores was 25.07±2.801 at the p value &lt;0.01. Knowledge of subjects about nursing care bundle for prevention of VAP was found to have a significant association with only educational qualification. Conclusions: This study's findings concluded that educational interventions are necessary for the enhancement of knowledge and better compliance of nursing officers with guidelines regarding the bundle of care for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Simulation of Grid Connected Solar Power System and Harmonic Reduction

The use alternative sources of Power Generation is the need of today. In general, the renewable energy resources are pollution free (Such as Wind, Hydro, Solar), easily constructible, and require less maintenance as compared to conventional energy sources (Such as Natural gas and oil). Most effective method for generation of Power, among renewable energy sources, is photovoltaic system (using solar cell).  Solar Photovoltaic System is easy to install, clean and light. Once installed, it has no recurring expenditure except the battery. This Paper deals with connecting solar system with 3 phase grid system. Thereby reducing the need of  battery. MPPT technique is used to extract the maximum power obtained from the sun radiation and transfer it to grid. Three phase inverter is also used to convert DC, of boost converter, into AC, which is fed into grid. Further, harmonic is also reduced from the grid by using filters