Fusão de imagens médicas no âmbito da transformada de wavelet: modelo matemático discreto

Introduction: Image compression is a great instance for operations in the medical domain that leads to better understanding and implementations of treatment, especially in radiology. Discrete wavelet transform (dwt) is used for better and faster implementation of this kind of image fusion. Methodology: To access the great feature of mathematical implementations in the medical domain we use wavelet transform with dwt for image fusion and extraction of features through images. Results: The predicted or expected outcome must help better understanding of any kind of image resolutions and try to compress or fuse the images to decrease the size but not the pixel quality of the image. Conclusions: Implementation of the dwt mathematical approach will help researchers or practitioners in the medical domain to attain better implementation of the image fusion and data transmission, which leads to better treatment procedures and also decreases the data transfer rate as the size will be decreased and data loss will also be manageable. Originality: The idea of using images may decrease the size of the image, which may be useful for reducing bandwidth while transmitting the images. But the thing here is to maintain the same quality while transmitting data and also while compressing the images. Limitations: As this is a new implementation, if we have committed any mistakes in image compression of medical-related information, this may lead to treatment faults for the patient. Image quality must not be reduced with this implementation.Introducción: la compresión de imágenes es una gran instancia para las operaciones en el ámbito médico que conduce a una mejor comprensión e implementación del tratamiento, especialmente en radiología. La transformada de ondícula discreta (dwt) se utiliza para lograr una mejor y más rápida implementación de este tipo de fusión de imágenes. Metodología: para aprovechar los grandes beneficios de las implementaciones matemáticas en el ámbito médico, empleamos la transformada de ondícula con dwt para la fusión de imágenes y extracción de características mediante imágenes. Resultados: el resultado previsto o esperado es ser capaces de comprender mejor cualquier tipo de resolución de imagen e intentar comprimir o fusionar las imágenes para reducir su tamaño, pero no la calidad de píxel de la imagen. Conclusiones: la implementación del enfoque matemático dwt ayudará a investigadores o profesionales en el campo médico a lograr una mejor implementación de la fusión de imágenes y transmisión de datos, lo que conduce a mejores procedimientos en el tratamiento y también a disminuir el índice de transferencia de datos debido a la reducción en el tamaño de las imágenes; la pérdida de datos también se vuelve más manejable. Originalidad: la idea de fusionar las imágenes puede disminuir el tamaño de las mismas, lo cual sería útil para reducir el ancho de banda necesario para su transmisión. Lo que resulta crucial es poder mantener la misma calidad mientras se transmiten los datos y mientras se comprimen las imágenes. Limitaciones: como se trata de una nueva implementación, si se ha cometido algún error en la compresión de la imagen de información médica, esto puede conducir a fallas en el tratamiento de un paciente. La calidad de la imagen no debe reducirse con esta implementación.Introdução: a compreensão de imagens é uma grande instância para as operações no âmbito médico e conduz a uma melhor compreensão e implantação do tratamento, especialmente em radiologia. A transformada discreta de wavelet (dwt) é utilizada para obter uma implantação melhor e mais ágil desse tipo de fusão de imagens.Métodos: para aproveitar os grandes benefícios das implantações matemáticas no âmbito médico, empregamos a transformada discreta de wavelet (dwt) para a fusão de imagens e obtenção de características a partir de imagens.Resultados: o resultado previsto ou esperado é que seja possível compreender melhor qualquer tipo de resolução de imagem e tentar comprimir ou fusionar as imagens para reduzir o tamanho delas, mas não a qualidade de pixel da imagem.Conclusões: a implantação do enfoque matemático dwt ajudará os pesquisadores ou profissionais no campo médico a obterem uma melhor implantação da fusão de imagens e da transmissão de dados, o que conduz a melhores procedimentos de tratamento e também a diminuir o índice de transferência de dados que, devido à redução no tamanho das imagens e à perda de dados, também se torna mais maleável.Originalidade: a ideia de juntar as imagens pode diminuir o tamanho delas, o que pode ser útil para reduzir a largura da banda que é necessária para a sua transmissão. O que resulta crucial é poder manter a mesma qualidade enquanto os dados são transmitidos e as imagens são comprimidas.Limitações: como se trata de uma nova implantação, se for cometido algum erro na compreensão da imagem de informação médica, isso poderá levar a falhas no tratamento de um paciente. A qualidade da imagem não deve ser reduzida com essa implantação

Epidermoid Cysts of Face: Clinicopathological Presentation and a report of four cases.

ABSTRACT: Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts. While these may occur anywhere on the body, they occur most frequently on the face, scalp, neck and trunk. A report of four cases and their clinicopathological features are described in this article

Dengue fever causing febrile neutropenia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An unknown entity

Dengue fever is endemic in many parts of the world but it has not been described as a cause of febrile neutropenia. We describe here clinical features, laboratory values and outcome in 10 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and with dengue fever as a cause of febrile neutropenia. These data are compared to an age-matched control population of 22 children with proven dengue infection without ALL. Except for fever in all patients and plethoric face in one patient, typical symptoms of dengue such as abdominal pain, myalgias, and headaches, were absent. Mean duration of hospital stay was 6.3±2.0 days in ALL patients vs. 5.0±2.0 in controls (p=0.096). Median platelet count was 13,000/cmm (range 1000–28,000) in cases vs. 31,500 (range 13,000–150,000) in controls (p=0.018). Mean time for recovery for platelet was 6.0±1.3days in ALL patients vs. 2.5±0.9days in controls (p<0.001). All 10 patients survived. In endemic areas, high suspicion of dengue fever should be maintained in children with ALL and febrile neutropenia although typical symptoms may be lacking. Platelet recovery may be significantly delayed

Stokes Flow past a Swarm of Porous Nanocylindrical Particles Enclosing a Solid Core

This paper concerns the Stokes flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a swarm of porous nanocylindrical particles enclosing a solid cylindrical core with Kuwabara boundary condition. An aggregate of porous nanocylindrical particles is considered as a hydro-dynamically equivalent to a solid cylindrical core with concentric porous cylindrical shell. The Brinkman equation inside the porous cylindrical shell and the Stokes equation outside the porous cylindrical shell in their stream function formulations are used. Explicit expressions for the stream functions in both regions have been investigated. The drag force acting at each nanoporous cylindrical particle in a cell is evaluated. Also, we solved the same problem by using Happel boundary condition on the hypothetical cell. In certain limiting cases, drag force converges to pre-existing analytical results, such as the drag on a porous circular cylinder and the drag on a solid cylinder in Kuwabara's cell or Happel's cell. Representative results are then discussed and compared for both cases and presented in graphical form by using Mathematica software

Evolution of modern age drug discovery of lipopeptides and computer-aided drug discovery in India

503-508The endeavor has been attempted to present a review on the evolution of modern age drug discovery in India. The contribution of next generation therapeutics options microbial metabolites and the computational drug discovery aspects to the global market from India have been represented. Microbial metabolites such as lipopeptides and peptide therapeutics are gaining worldwide importance due to their multiple applications as broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer properties etc. Due to the surge of microbial resistance, tumor resistance, and ongoing pandemic due to constantly mutating corona virus, there is a need to develop next-generation therapeutics options from natural origin, less toxic to the environment, and have higher specificity towards target. Small molecule therapeutics are certainly less specific towards cancer targets hence the cytotoxicity is a major issue in cancer treatment while drug resistance due to the mutations are coming as challenges every day for drug discovery researchers. Microbial lipopeptide reserves a sweet spot in between the small molecule inhibitors and peptide therapeutics because of their amphiphilic compounds consist of a fatty acid side chain and a cyclic peptide moiety of hydrophilic nature. The computational drug discovery approach accelerates the drug discovery process due to the advancement in supercomputer facilities provided by various funding agencies such as the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in India. The current review article is focusing light on the research contribution of Indian Scientists and Govt. of India in the field of lipopeptide-based research and applications of Computer-aided drug discovery

Land degradation in the developing world: implications for food, agriculture, and the environment to 2020.

By the year 2020 land degradation may pose a serious threat to food production and rural livelihoods, particularly in poor and densely populated areas of the developing world. Appropriate policies are required to encourage land-improving investments and better land management if developing countries are to sustainably meet the food needs of their populations. The authors investigate the impact of land degradation on global agricultural production.However, land degradation could have dramatic effects in specific countries and subregions in the form of (1) Nutrient depletion; (2) Salinization; (3) Agrochemical pollution; (4) Soil erosion; (5) Vegetative degradation of rangelands and ; (6) Agriculture-induced deforestation by 2020. The brief identifies strategies to reduce land degradation. and makes policy recommendations.Food security., Soil conservation., Land degradation.,

Proteomics: a subcellular look at spermatozoa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Male-factor infertility presents a vexing problem for many reproductively active couples. Many studies have focused on abnormal sperm parameters. Recent advances in proteomic techniques, especially in mass spectrometry, have aided in the study of sperm and more specifically, sperm proteins. The aim of this study was to review the current literature on the various proteomic techniques, and their usefulness in diagnosing sperm dysfunction and potential applications in the clinical setting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Review of PubMed database. Key words: spermatozoa, proteomics, protein, proteome, 2D-PAGE, mass spectrometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Recently employed proteomic methods, such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and differential in gel electrophoresis, have identified numerous sperm-specific proteins. They also have provided a further understanding of protein function involved in sperm processes and for the differentiation between normal and abnormal states. In addition, studies on the sperm proteome have demonstrated the importance of post-translational modifications, and their ability to bring about physiological changes in sperm function. No longer do researchers believe that in order for them to elucidate the biochemical functions of genes, mere knowledge of the human genome sequence is sufficient. Moreover, a greater understanding of the physiological function of every protein in the tissue-specific proteome is essential in order to unravel the biological display of the human genome.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Recent advances in proteomic techniques have provided insight into sperm function and dysfunction. Several multidimensional separation techniques can be utilized to identify and characterize spermatozoa. Future developments in bioinformatics can further assist researchers in understanding the vast amount of data collected in proteomic studies. Moreover, such advances in proteomics may help to decipher metabolites which can act as biomarkers in the detection of sperm impairments and to potentially develop treatment for infertile couples.</p> <p>Further comprehensive studies on sperm-specific proteome, mechanisms of protein function and its proteolytic regulation, biomarkers and functional pathways, such as oxidative-stress induced mechanisms, will provide better insight into physiological functions of the spermatozoa. Large-scale proteomic studies using purified protein assays will eventually lead to the development of novel biomarkers that may allow for detection of disease states, genetic abnormalities, and risk factors for male infertility. Ultimately, these biomarkers will allow for a better diagnosis of sperm dysfunction and aid in drug development.</p

Identification of Comamonas species using 16S rRNA gene sequence

A bacterial strain Bz02 was isolated from a water sample collected from river Gomti at the Indian city of Lucknow. We characterized the strain using 16S rRNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with members of the genus Comamonas. The closest phylogenetic relative was Comamonas testosteroni with 95% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. It is proposed that the identified strain Bz02 be assigned as the type strain of a species of the genus Comamonas (Comamonas sp Bz02) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases together with the phylogenetic tree analysis. The sequence is deposted in GenBank with the accession number FJ211417