Vektor Malaria Baru di Kabupaten Kotabaru, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia

Nyamuk Anopheles merupakan vektor dari Malaria. Dari sekitar 400 spesies nyamuk Anopheles telah ditemukan 67 spesies dapat menularkan malaria dan 24 diantaranya ditemukan di Indonesia. Kabupaten Kotabaru merupakan kabupaten endemis malaria di Kalimantan Selatan. Data mengenai spesies vektor malaria spesifik pada suatu daerah sangat berperan penting sebagai salah satu bahan rekomendasi bagi tindak lanjut kebijakan pengendalian malaria. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui data vektor malaria di Kabupaten Kotabaru melalui uji PCR. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan di Desa Siayuh Trans dan Magalau Hulu, tambang emas Kura-Kura dan Desa Muara Uri dengan metode penangkapan UOL, UOD, dinding dan kandang. Uji PCR dilaksanakan di laboratorium biomolekuler BBPPVRP Salatiga pada bulan Februari-April 2015. Hasil penangkapan nyamuk didapatkan 345 ekor nyamuk Anopheles yang terdiri dari 9 spesies: An. barbirostris, An. tesselatus, An. balabacensis, An. vagus, An. hyrcanus group, An. peditaeniatus, An. kochi, An. flavirostris, An. umbrosus. Seluruh nyamuk Anopheles yang didapatkan dibuat 56 pool sampel Anopheles sp untuk diuji PCR yang telah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan spesies, tanggal dan metode penangkapan. Hasil PCR terindentifikasi 3 spesies vektor malaria di Desa Siayuh Trans yaitu An. vagus, An. peditaeniatus dan An. tesselatus yang merupakan vektor malaria baru di Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan

A single-step direct hydrothermal synthesis of SrTiO3 nanoparticles from crystalline P25 TiO2 powders

In the study, strontium titanium (SrTiO3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a single-step direct hydrothermal process under alkaline condition from crystalline P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders and strontium hydroxide octahydrate (Sr(OH)(2)center dot 8H(2)O) at 220A degrees C. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicating that the products were highly crystalline cubic SrTiO3 nanoparticles. The lattice parameter, unit cell volume, and atomic position were refined by Highscore Plus and Maud program to determine the crystal structure parameters. The thermal field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer (FE-SEM-EDS) showed the samples prepared were cubic SrTiO3 nanoparticles with regular morphology. The fine morphologies and structures of SrTiO3 were investigated by field emission high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The specific surface areas of samples were investigated by the BET method. As a comparison, SrTiO3 nanoparticles also were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The samples synthesized by hydrothermal method have bigger specific surface areas and smaller grain sizes than the sample synthesized by solid-state method. Big mole ratio Sr/Ti and short reaction time are helpful to produce small particles with large specific surface area. The reaction mechanism of the hydrothermal process was illustrated finally

Single-step hydrothermal synthesis of strontium titanate nanoparticles from crystalline anatase titanium dioxide

In the present study, strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a single-step direct hydrothermal process under the strong alkaline condition using crystalline anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium hydroxide octahydrate (Sr(OH)(2) center dot 8H(2)O) as the starting materials at 220 degrees C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns identified the products were highly crystalline and well matched with standard SrTiO3 data. The crystalline structure, lattice parameters, and atomic position were refined by Highscore Plus and Maud program. The results of Rietveld refinement showed high purity of products. The thermal field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (FE-SEM-EDS) displayed the samples prepared were perovskite phase cubic SrTiO3 nanoparticles having regular morphology and small particle with a size distribution of 32-45 nm. The fine morphologies and structures of SrTiO3 nanoparticles were investigated by field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). The results showed the important roles played by reaction duration and mole ratio of Sr and Ti (Sr/Ti) to the grain size of SrTiO3 nanoparticles. The particle sizes increased with prolonging reaction duration and reducing Sr/Ti. Compared to SrTiO3 synthesized by solid state reaction, the as-synthesized SrTiO3 nanoparticles had large specific surface areas (up to 32.98 m(2)/g), which would exhibit potential applications in photocatalysis. The reaction mechanism of the process was illustrated using the dissolution precipitation mechanism finally. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved

The surgical treatment of anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta

Abstract Objective This study sought to summarize the clinical experience of surgical treatment of anomalous origin of pulmonary arteries from the ascending aorta (AOPA) in Fuwai hospital. Methods Fifty-two patients (28 males, 17.2 ± 27.2 months old and 8.7 ± 10.2 Kg weight) who have AOPA undertook surgical treatment between 1998 and 2017 were reviewed in this study, 47 out of 52 are anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA), among the rest of the patients are anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery (AOLPA). 27 out of 52 associate with simple cardiac abnormalities, 20 out of 52 associate with complex cardiac malformations, the remaining 5 patients without cardiac abnormalities. Among all patients who underwent surgical treatment, the direct end-to-side anastomosis strategy was applied in 26 patients, autologous pericardial-homograft patch and aortic flap were employed in 20 patients, and synthetic graft was used in 6 patients. Results No patient died during the perioperative period. 50 out of 52 patients were followed-up for 100.1 ± 70.9 months. The rate of pulmonary arterial free restenosis for 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years is 98.0, 96.0 and 92.0%, respectively. Conclusions The correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment for AOPA could obtain excellent early and medium-term result

Impact of Five Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors on DON Biosynthesis of <i>Fusarium asiaticum</i>, Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a class of mycotoxin produced in cereal crops infected with Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). In China, FGSC mainly includes Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. DON belongs to the trichothecenes and poses a serious threat to the safety and health of humans and animals. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a class of fungicides that act on succinate dehydrogenase and inhibit the respiration of pathogenic fungi. In this study, the fungicidal activities of five SDHIs, including fluopyram, flutolanil, boscalid, benzovindiflupyr, and fluxapyroxad, against FGSC were determined based on mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods. The five SDHIs exhibited better inhibitory activities in spore germination than mycelial growth. Fluopyram exhibited a higher inhibitory effect in mycelial growth and spore germination in comparison to the other four SDHIs. In addition, the biological characteristics of F. asiaticum as affected by the five SDHIs were determined. We found that these five SDHIs decreased DON, pyruvic acid and acetyl-CoA production, isocitrate dehydrogenase mitochondrial (ICDHm) and SDH activities, and NADH and ATP content of F. asiaticum but increased the citric acid content. In addition, TRI5 gene expression was inhibited, and the formation of toxisomes was disrupted by the five SDHIs, further confirming that SDHIs can decrease DON biosynthesis of F. asiaticum. Thus, we concluded that SDHIs may decrease DON biosynthesis of F. asiaticum by inhibiting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Overall, the findings from the study will provide important references for managing Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by FGSC and reducing DON contamination in F. asiaticum-infected wheat grains

Highly selective separation of small hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide in a metal–organic framework with open copper (II) coordination sites

Hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide are very important raw materials for industrial products and fine chemicals. The microporous metal–organic framework ZJU-25 with high density of open metal sites, has significantly better separation potential than other MOFs, ZIFs or zeolites. It can fractionate a 5-component CH₄/C₂H₂/C₂H₄/C₂H₆/CO₂ mixture to yield individual pure components as established by the sorption isotherms and simulated breakthrough and pulse chromatographic experiments. Such separations are likely to have a significant industrial impact, resulting in significant energy savings when compared to current technologies that rely on cryogenic distillation

Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against Fusarium graminearum and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis

Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019 ± 0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxisome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxisome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum

A new metal–organic framework with potential for adsorptive separation of methane from carbon dioxide, acetylene, ethylene and ethane established by simulated breakthrough experiments

A new three-dimensional microporous metal–organic framework, Cu₂ (MFDI) (ZJU-60, H₄MFDI = 5,5′-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)diisophthalic acid), was solvothermally synthesized. ZJU-60 features a three-dimensional structure with a rare sty-a type topology and has two different types of pore apertures. With open metal sites and suitable pore spaces, ZJU-60 can readily separate methane in nearly pure form from CO₂ and C₂-hydrocarbon quaternary gas mixtures at room temperature with high separation capacity and moderate selectivity. The separation feasibility has been further established by simulated breakthrough and pulse chromatographic experiments

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The dataset used to train the DLALNet