Juifs et Arabes sur la scène israélienne

La rencontre entre Juifs et Arabes par le théâtre israélien. Puisque le théâtre israélien joue un rôle important dans la formation et l'évolution de la société israélienne, il n'est pas étonnant que le conflit entre Juifs et Arabes, Israéliens et Palestiniens y joue également un rôle important depuis le début du XXe siècle. Cependant, le théâtre n'est pas seulement dramatique, c'est d'abord et avant tout une rencontre entre des personnes vivantes, des acteurs et spectateurs qui partagent le même espace pour la durée de l'événement théâtral. Cet article suit deux importants « moments » de l'histoire du théâtre israélien : l'émergence de la narration arabe sur la scène israélienne et l'entrée des acteurs arabes, afin de souligner la contribution spéciale du théâtre à la compréhension entre les deux peuples.Since Israeli theatre plays an important role in the formation and evolution of the Israeli society in Israel, It is not surprising, that the conflict between Jews and Arabs, Israelis and Palestinians plays an important part in Israeli drama since the beginning of the 20th century. However theatre is not only drama; it is first and foremost an encounter between living people, of actors and spectators sharing the same space for the duration of the theatrical event. This article follows two important "moments" in the history of the Israeli theatre: the emergence of the Arab narrative on the Israeli stage and the entrance of the Arab actors on the Israeli stage, in order to emphasize theatre's special contribution to the understanding between the two peoples.מאחר והתיאטרון הישראלי משקף את המציאות החברתית והפוליטית בארץ, אין זה מפתיע שהסכסוך הישראלי פלשתיני תופש בו מקום חשוב מראשית המאה ה-20. התאטרון הינו בראש ובראשונה מקום מיפגש בין בניאדם, שחקנים וצופים, החולקים ביניהם מרחב נתון לאורך זמן ההצגה. במאמר זה נידונים שני אירועים בעלי חשיבות בתלדות התיאטרון הישראלי: הופעתו של הנארטיב הפלשתיני בתיאטרון הישראלי ועלייתם של שחקנים ערבים על הבימה הישראלית. זאת, כדי להדגיש את תפקידו של התיאטרון בשיח הישראלי-פלשתיני

Risk for ASD in Preterm Infants: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in individuals who are born preterm and full-term using both observational instruments and parental reports. Neonatal risk factors and developmental characteristics associated with ASD risk were also examined. Method. Participants included 110 preterm children (born at a gestational age of ≤ 34 weeks) and 39 full-term children assessed at ages 18, 24, and 36 months. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, the Social Communication Questionnaire, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning were administered. Results and Conclusions. The long-term risk for ASD was higher when parental reports were employed compared to observational instruments. At 18 and 24 months, a higher long-term risk for ASD was found for preterm children compared to full-term children. At 36 months, only one preterm child and one full-term child met the cutoff for ASD based on the ADOS, yet clinical judgment and parental reports supported an ASD diagnosis for the preterm child only. Earlier gestational age and lower general developmental abilities were associated with elevated ASD risk among preterm children

The role of children in the spread of COVID-19: Using household data from Bnei Brak, Israel, to estimate the relative susceptibility and infectivity of children.

One of the significant unanswered questions about COVID-19 epidemiology relates to the role of children in transmission. This study uses data on infections within households in order to estimate the susceptibility and infectivity of children compared to those of adults. The data were collected from households in the city of Bnei Brak, Israel, in which all household members were tested for COVID-19 using PCR (637 households, average household size of 5.3). In addition, serological tests were performed on a subset of the individuals in the study. Inspection of the PCR data shows that children are less likely to be tested positive compared to adults (25% of children positive over all households, 44% of adults positive over all households, excluding index cases), and the chance of being positive increases with age. Analysis of joint PCR/serological data shows that there is under-detection of infections in the PCR testing, which is more substantial in children. However, the differences in detection rates are not sufficient to account for the differences in PCR positive rates in the two age groups. To estimate relative transmission parameters, we employ a discrete stochastic model of the spread of infection within a household, allowing for susceptibility and infectivity parameters to differ among children and adults. The model is fitted to the household data using a simulated maximum likelihood approach. To adjust parameter estimates for under-detection of infections in the PCR results, we employ a multiple imputation procedure using estimates of under-detection in children and adults, based on the available serological data. We estimate that the susceptibility of children (under 20 years old) is 43% (95% CI: [31%, 55%]) of the susceptibility of adults. The infectivity of children was estimated to be 63% (95% CI: [37%, 88%]) relative to that of adults

La littérature israélienne, miroir d’une société multiple

Ce numéro de Yod comporte les actes du colloque international qui a eu lieu en mai 2008 à l'Inalco (Paris) et à l'Université de Lille III. Il se donnait pour objectif de célébrer les soixante ans de littérature israélienne, mais aussi et surtout de présenter la production littéraire du pays à l'aube du XXIe siècle qui se caractérise par une extraordinaire diversité thématique et stylistique qui ouvre la voie et donne de la voix à des auteurs de toutes origines, religions et couches sociales

Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) Algorithms for Toddlers and Young Preschoolers : Application in a Non-US Sample of 1,104 Children

The current study aimed to investigate the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) algorithms for toddlers and young preschoolers (Kim and Lord, J Autism Dev Disord 42(1):82–93, 2012) in a non-US sample from ten sites in nine countries (n = 1,104). The construct validity indicated a good fit of the algorithms. The diagnostic validity was lower, with satisfactorily high specificities but moderate sensitivities. Young children with clinical ASD and lower language ability were largely in the mild-to-moderate or moderate-to-severe concern ranges of the ADI-R, nearly half of the older and phrase speech ASD-group fell into the little-to-no concern range. Although broadly the findings support the toddler algorithms, further work is required to understand why they might have different properties in different samples to further inform research and clinical use