Measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillations with very large volume neutrino telescopes

Neutrino oscillations have been probed during the last few decades using multiple neutrino sources and experimental set-ups. In the recent years, very large volume neutrino telescopes have started contributing to the field. First ANTARES and then IceCube have relied on large and sparsely instrumented volumes to observe atmospheric neutrinos for combinations of baselines and energies inaccessible to other experiments. Using this advantage, the latest result from IceCube starts approaching the precision of other established technologies, and is paving the way for future detectors, such as ORCA and PINGU. These new projects seek to provide better measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, and eventually determine the neutrino mass ordering. The results from running experiments and the potential from proposed projects are discussed in this review, emphasizing the experimental challenges involved in the measurements.Comment: Review paper to appear in the special issue "Neutrino Masses and Oscillations" of Advances in High Energy Physics (accepted); 22 pages, 24 figure

On the use of machine learning algorithms in the measurement of stellar magnetic fields

Regression methods based in Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA) have become an important tool for data analysis in many different disciplines. In this work, we use MLA in an astrophysical context; our goal is to measure the mean longitudinal magnetic field in stars (H_ eff) from polarized spectra of high resolution, through the inversion of the so-called multi-line profiles. Using synthetic data, we tested the performance of our technique considering different noise levels: In an ideal scenario of noise-free multi-line profiles, the inversion results are excellent; however, the accuracy of the inversions diminish considerably when noise is taken into account. In consequence, we propose a data pre-process in order to reduce the noise impact, which consists in a denoising profile process combined with an iterative inversion methodology. Applying this data pre-process, we have found a considerable improvement of the inversions results, allowing to estimate the errors associated to the measurements of stellar magnetic fields at different noise levels. We have successfully applied our data analysis technique to two different stars, attaining by first time the measurement of H_eff from multi-line profiles beyond the condition of line autosimilarity assumed by other techniques.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Contacto y servicios locales en Andalucía: el «efecto contextual» del lugar de residencia

Contact between the public and public administration is a form of long-term, relevant participation since it assumes the transmittal of requests and information about problems and services in cities, making, in effect, the citizenry part of public service provision. By presenting a representative survey of the Andalusian population taken in 2010, this article analyzes the frequency of contact of the Andalusian public, their socio-political characteristics and their reasons for the contact. This permits a view of the extent of this rarely studied participatory phenomenon, as well as its causes. In particular, this article seeks to show the existence of contextual effects based on the size of the municipality and its participation in the dynamics of urban areas.El contacto entre ciudadanía y administración municipal es una forma de participación extendida y relevante, pues supone la transmisión de demandas e información sobre problemas y servicios en las ciudades, actuando, pues, la ciudadanía como coprovisores de servicios públicos. A través de una encuesta representativa de la población andaluza realizada en 2010, en este artículo se analiza la frecuencia del contacto de la ciudadanía andaluza, los rasgos socio-políticos de quienes lo hacen y las razones por las que contactan. Esto permite ofrecer una visión de la extensión de este fenómeno participativo, comúnmente poco estudiado, así como las razones que lo originan. En especial, se pretende mostrar la existencia de efectos contextuales derivados del tamaño municipal y su inserción en la dinámica de áreas metropolitanas

Luxación aislada del piramidal

ResumenAunque las luxaciones carpianas son lesiones relativamente frecuentes, la luxación aislada del piramidal es excepcional. Presentamos un caso aislado de luxación volar del hueso piramidal, revisando los casos similares publicados en la literatura y analizando los aspectos más importantes en relación con su diagnóstico y tratamiento.Varón de 38 años de edad, con caída sobre su mano derecha en hiperextensión. Inicialmente el diagnóstico pasó desapercibido. Al mes se realizó reducción abierta y estabilización con agujas de Kirchner.A los 4 años de la cirugía el paciente se encuentra asintomático y con la misma fuerza de agarre que la mano contralateral. Las radiografías postoperatorias muestran una buena reducción del carpo sin signos de inestabilidad.La falta de un diagnóstico inicial y en consecuencia un retraso en el tratamiento hacen más difícil el manejo de las lesiones, pero es una reducción inadecuada del carpo el factor pronóstico más negativo.AbstractAlthough carpal dislocations are a relatively common injury, isolated dislocation of the triquetrum is exceptional. The report of a new case is presented of isolated volar dislocation of the triquetrum, as well as an analysis of similar cases published in the literature. The main factors related to their diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed.A 38-year-old man fell and landed on his right hand in hyper-extension. Diagnosis was initially unnoticed. An open reduction and Kirchner wires stabilisation was performed one month later.Four years after surgery the patient was asymptomatic and with the same grip strength as contralateral hand. Post-operative X-rays were favourable with good carpal reduction and alignment and without carpal instability signs.The lack of an initial diagnosis and consequently a delayed treatment, make more difficult the injury management more difficult, but an inadequate carpal reduction the most negative prognostic factor

Introduction and evaluation of the ACS BCon basic course in Zaragoza, Spain

Background: The American College of Surgeons Bleeding Control Basic (BCon) course aimed at teaching hemorrhage control techniques in the USA had not yet been taught in Spain. The purpose of this study is to assess its implementation among students and healthcare employees in the Lozano Blesa University Hospital of Zaragoza, a middle-sized Spanish city. Methods: The study was conducted in a University Hospital and at the University of Zaragoza, scheduling four free B-Con sessions from 2017 to 2018. Two groups were identified as forming the population: healthcare employees and medical students. An anonymous questionnaire was completed at the end of the course regarding content, applicability, usefulness, relevance, and satisfaction. Study variables were ranked from 0 to 10: poor (when graded from 0 to 3), fair (4 to 6) and good (7 to 10). Results were compared between the groups, expressed in percentages and ¿ 2 tested to analyze significant differences if any. Results: Among the 83 individuals who completed the course, 46 were medical students and 37 healthcare employees; 61% women and 39% men; aged 21 years to 52 years. Attendees evaluated satisfaction with the highest grade (84%), followed by usefulness (73%), applicability (70%), and relevance (66%). There was no variable graded as poor. The comparison of perceptions between groups did not reveal statistical differences based on a 0.05 significance level. Conclusion: We concluded that the B-Con course was valued as good for relevance, usefulness, applicability, and satisfaction by the majority of the studied population. Level of Evidence: Level III

Self-consistent numerical dispersion relation of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability of double ablation fronts in inertial confinement fusion

The linear stability analysis of accelerated double ablation fronts is carried out numerically with a self-consistent approach. Accurate hydrodynamic profiles are taken into account in the theoretical model by means of a fitting parameters method using 1D simulation results. Numerical dispersión relation is compared to an analytical sharp boundary model [Yan˜ez et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 052701 (2011)] showing an excellent agreement for the radiation dominated regime of very steep ablation fronts, and the stabilization due to smooth profiles. 2D simulations are presented to validate the numerical self-consistent theory

Manifestaciones corneales en las enfermedades sistémicas

Systemic diseases affecting the cornea have a wide range of manifestations. The detailed study of all pathologies that cause corneal alteration is unapproachable, so we have centered our interest in the most prevalent or characteristic of them. In this paper we have divided these pathologies in sections to facilitate their study. Pulmonar and conective tissue (like colagen, rheumatologic and idiopathic inflamatory diseases), dermatologic, cardiovascular, hematologic, digestive and hepatopancreatic diseases with corneal alteration are described. Endocrine and metabolic diseases, malnutrition and carential states are also studied, as well as some otorhinolaryngologic and genetic diseases that affect the cornea. Finally, a brie

Measurement of the social construction of knowledge: validation and reliability of the K-Social-C instrument

[EN] The social construction of knowledge developed in social innovation laboratories occurs through the open innovation approach, which is the focus of the present study. The study variables were measured with the K-Social-C questionnaire. It was necessary to consider the indicators of each of these variables reported in the literature and the characteristics of construct, content, and criterion validity and reliability to demonstrate solidly that the instrument measures what it is intended to measure. This document confrms the conceptualization and measurement of three variables: social construction of knowledge (SCK), open innovation (OI), and social innovation laboratories (SIL). The K-Social-C questionnaire is a selfadministered instrument that can measure the three variables and their indicators. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were demonstrated through statistical procedures; the content validation and expert agreement were through Kendall's concordance coefcient and the content validity coefcient. We also calculated the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha as the reliability coefcient. We extended the calculation with exploratory factor analysis and convergent and discriminant validity. However, to study the SCK, OI and SIL variables, we still had to consider the needs and social implications of innovation in each context.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE

Social innovation laboratories for the social construction of knowledge

Social innovation laboratories (SIL) are spaces for the construction of knowledge where UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goals can be met. The objective of the research was to identify the most relevant studies about the social construction of knowledge, within the framework of the SIL, related to environmental problems and to analyze them in order to propose solutions for sustainability. The method used to locate the articles published in open access, from 2010 to 2020, in Scopus, Web of Science and Google Academic, was the Systematic Literature Review. The findings show that the working groups are multidisciplinary and originate proposals from different areas of science. The products are built with an open approach. Universities are the spaces that most promote participation in the laboratories to generate sustainability actions applicable in real life and work is done to scale up the prototypes to local, national and international levels