Мінімізація опору персоналу організаційним змінам на підприємстві

Обґрунтовано підходи до мінімізації опору персоналу організаційним змінам на підприємстві. На основі аналізу недоліків існуючих підходів запропоновано концептуальні положення мінімізації опору персоналу організаційним змінам на підприємствах, у рамках реалізації яких розроблено підхід до оцінки рівня підтримки організаційних змін у колективі після інформаційної взаємодії між співробітниками та підхід до прийняття рішень у сфері управління мінімізацією опору персоналу організаційним змінам на підприємстві, що базується на оптимізаційній моделі вибору оптимальних рішень. Здійснено практичну апробацію запропонованих підходів на діючому промисловому підприємстві та сформульовано перспективи подальших досліджень.Обоснованы подходы к минимизации сопротивления персонала организационным изменениям на предприятии. На основе анализа недостатков существующих подходов предложены концептуальные положения минимизации сопротивления персонала организационным изменениям на предприятиях, в рамках реализации которых разработаны подход к оценке уровня поддержки организационных изменений в коллективе после информационного взаимодействия между сотрудниками и подход к принятию решений в сфере управления минимизацией сопротивления персонала организационным изменениям на предприятии, базирующийся на оптимизационной модели выбора оптимальных решений. Осуществлена практическая апробация предложенных подходов на действующем промышленном предприятии и сформулированы перспективы дальнейших исследований.The article is devoted to substantiating the approaches to minimizing the resistance of staff to organizational changes at an enterprise. It was revealed that existing scientific approaches do not allow formalizing the assessment of organizational resistance and minimizing the costs of preventing organizational resistance; they do not take into account such important factors as the authority of the members of the staff, objective benefits of a decision for the staff members and their inclination to adopt other people’s opinions. They do not allow assessing the staff members support for organizational change taking into account the information interaction between them. Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of existing approaches conceptual positions to minimizing the resistance of staff to organizational changes at enterprises were proposed, as part of which an approach was developed to assessing the level of support for organizational changes by the staff after the information interaction between the staff members, as well as an approach to managing the minimization of staff resistance to organizational changes at an enterprise based on the optimization model of optimal (in terms of cost and results) decisions. In terms of decision-making, the main task is the choice of optimal measures (interventions) that work through changing the objective benefits of the decisions and the initial level of support. A practical approbation of the proposed approaches at an existing industrial enterprise was carried out, and perspectives for further research were formulated. Prospects for further research are in the development of tools for minimizing organizational resistance and developing methods for assessing the characteristics of workers

Relationship Between the Severity of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries and Helmet Use by Type in Motorcycle Accidents

Helmets are known to be effective in reducing the severity of head injuries in motorcycle accidents. Although, to our knowledge, few reports have examined the relationship between the severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries and helmet use by type in motorcycle accidents. We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with oral and maxillofacial injuries from motorcycle accidents and attempted to clarify the relationship between injury severity and the protective effects of a helmet. We studied 40 men and 14 women with a mean age of 26.1±15.0 years (range, 15 to 79 years) who sustained oral and maxillofacial injuries in motorcycle accidents treated in Dokkyo University Hospital from 1994 through 2003. In each case, we examined the mechanism of injury, type of helmet the injury severity score, the 1990 revision of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS-90) score, and the length of hospitalization. Of these 54 patients, 47 patients wore a helmet. Of these 47 patients, 8 (14.8%) wore a full-face type of helmet and 39 (72.2%) wore an open-face type of helmet. The injury severity scores and the Abbreviated Iniurv Scale scores for head and neck were not significantly different by helmet use or type of helmet. However, the AIS-90 scores for facial injuries were significantly decreased with helmet use. The scores for facial injuries in the patients who wore the full-face type of helmets (1.4±0.5) were significantly lower than those in the patients who wore the open-face type of helmets (1.8 ±0.4, p<0.05) and in patients without helmets (1.9±0.4, p<0.05). Wearing a helmet effectively prevented oral and maxillofacial injuries; although, it could not fully prevent all oral and maxillofacial injuries in motorcyclists. These injuries may have been caused by indirect forces transmitted through the helmet

コウクウ ヘンペイ ジョウヒ ガン ノ シツジュン ヨウシキ ニ タイスル サンジゲンテキ カイセキ

口腔扁平上皮癌において浸潤様式が治療成績に関連することは,これまでにも多数報告されているが,すべての症例で浸潤様式と治療成績が相関するとは限らず検討課題の一つとなっている.そこで,口腔扁平上皮癌23例を対象に,その連続標本の三次元画像をコンピュータグラフィクスにより再構築し,腫瘍の浸潤様式を検討するとともに,治療成績との関係ならびに従来より用いられている二次元解析法の山本・小浜分類(以下Y・K分類)との関係について比較検討した.三次元的解析による浸潤様式を形態的特徴から,連続型と非連続型の二つに大別し,さらに連続型は圧迫型と索状型の二つに分類した.腫瘍制御,非制御別では,非連続型は連続型に比較し有意に不良で,また,それらとY・K分類との関係では,比較的予後が良好とされるY・K分類2型でも非連続型の場合には制御不良であったのに対し,予後が不良とされる4C,4D型では連続型の場合には制御良好であった.三次元解析法では腫瘍の浸潤様式を立体的に再現できること,連続型と非連続型の2つに大別されるため判定が容易であること,さらに治療成績と有意に関連することなどから臨床において有用な方法と思われた.It has been described in many previous reports that mode of invasion is associated with prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, there is not necessarily correlation between mode of invasion and prognosis clinically. Although we have evaluated the grade for mode of invasion in OSCC by two-dimensional view from H-E section, in this study, we tried three-dimensional analysis for mode of invasion in OSCC. We performed three-dimensional reconstruction of mode of invasion in OSCC by computer graphics, and compared with that of two-dimensional evaluation and examined the relationship between three-dimensional analysis and prognosis. Mode of invasion in OSCC was classified into two types by three-dimensional analysis as follows; 1) continuous type, and 2) discontinuous type. Furthermore, continuous type was subclassified into a) solid type, and b) cord type. The cases of continuous type were recognized in all grade type of mode of invasion according to Yamamoto and Kohama classification, but the cases of discontinuous type were recognized in only 2, 4C, and 4D grade types. In continuous type, thirteen out of fifteen cases (86.7%) were controlled, where in discontinuous type only 4 out of 8 cases (50.0%) were controlled. The control rate of local recurrence in the patients with discontinuous type was significantly lower than that with the continuous type (p=0.0429). We suggest that three-dimensional analysis is useful clinically, because we could judge mode of invasion easily and reconstruct whole structure of OSCC more exactly, and furthermore, this analysis is associated with prognosis of OSCC