Examining the Academic Success of the Students in Drawing Techniques Course: The Case of Freshmen in Landscape Architecture

In Landscape Architecture education the students are expected to produce a unique and creative product and express this product in two or three dimensions. For this aim drawing techniques related to visualizing the design are instructed in the first year of landscape architecture education in the Drawing Techniques course using conventional methods of expression. As a result, the students can express themselves and acquire the ability to use the lines and the pencil. Knowing how to draw enables students to obtain basic knowledge about what to express and how; acquiring the ability to use the pencil provide them the opportunity to draw quality images - good sketches. After learning these skills, it will become easier for them to transfer their thoughts to digital media and to express their designs in digital media. In Landscape architecture education, to improve freshmen's technical drawing skills, practices related to two (plan, profile-view) and three (perspectives) dimensional drawing techniques are conducted within the scope of Drawing Techniques course. In the present study, the practices that are implemented by freshmen who took Drawing Techniques course during five semesters between 2012-2017 academic years were examined. The change in the drawing performance of the students in practices was analyzed. It was also examined whether the two or three dimensional drawing techniques led to this change and whether the type of drawing techniques utilized affected their level of making mistakes and the variety of those mistakes

Examining the Academic Success of the Students in Drawing Techniques Course: The Case of Freshmen in Landscape Architecture

In Landscape Architecture education the students are expected to produce a unique and creative product and express this product in two or three dimensions. For this aim drawing techniques related to visualizing the design are instructed in the first year of landscape architecture education in the Drawing Techniques course using conventional methods of expression. As a result, the students can express themselves and acquire the ability to use the lines and the pencil. Knowing how to draw enables students to obtain basic knowledge about what to express and how; acquiring the ability to use the pencil provide them the opportunity to draw quality images - good sketches. After learning these skills, it will become easier for them to transfer their thoughts to digital media and to express their designs in digital media. In Landscape architecture education, to improve freshmen's technical drawing skills, practices related to two (plan, profile-view) and three (perspectives) dimensional drawing techniques are conducted within the scope of Drawing Techniques course. In the present study, the practices that are implemented by freshmen who took Drawing Techniques course during five semesters between 2012-2017 academic years were examined. The change in the drawing performance of the students in practices was analyzed. It was also examined whether the two or three dimensional drawing techniques led to this change and whether the type of drawing techniques utilized affected their level of making mistakes and the variety of those mistakes

DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS

İlaca bağlı lupus, suçlu ilacın kesilmesiyle klinik bulguların geri dönebildiği, sistemik lupus eritematozun kendini sınırlayan bir formudur. En sık neden olan ilaçlar hidralazin ve prokainamiddir, bunları takiben klorpromazin, izoniazid, metildopa, penisilamin, kinidin ve sulfasalazin sık suçlanan ilaçlar arasındadır. Yeni biyolojik ajanların ve antisitokin tedavilerin gündemde olmasıyla birlikte ilaca bağlı lupus görülme sıklığı artmıştır. En sık görülen klinik bulgular; artralji, artrit, miyalji, serozit ve ateştir. Antihiston antikorları hastalarda çoğunlukla bulunmaktadır. İlaca bağlı lupusta, suçlu ilacın kesilmesi ile hastalık bulguları ortadan kalkmasına rağmen, bazen kısa dönem kortikosteroid tedavisine ihtiyaç olmaktadır. Drug-induced lupus is a self-limited form of systemic lupus erythematosus which resolves clinical manifestations when the offending drug is discountinued. The most common precipitants are hydralazine and procainamide, followed by chlorpromazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, penicillamine, quinidine and sulfasalazine. Some of the newer biologic and anticytokine therapies appear to be associated with an increased incidence of drug-induced lupus. The most common presentations of drug-induced lupus are arthralgias, arthritis, myalgias, serositis and fever. Anti-histone anitibodies are commonly found. Clinical manifestations of drug-induced lupus resolve on drug cessation, although short-term corticosteroid treatment is sometimes required

THE QUEEN ASKED: STATE OF MAINSTREAM ECONOMICS

The neoclassical economics owes its development to Alfred Marshall and Leon Walras in the late 19th century. Marshall is also attributed with the partial equilibrium theory. Walras is known for his general equilibrium theory. Both Marshall and Walras are also attributed with the introduction of mathematics in their explanations of economic phenomenon. Since their time mathematical economics has reached new heights. Marshall, a British economist relied on the Ceteris paribus assumption principle. Walras, a French mathematician used laissez-faire as his assumption principle. Neoclassical economics saw major changes post the Great Depression. The 1929 Great Depression changed the economic views of John Maynard Keynes who was the ardent fan and star pupil of Marshall. Over time, the rational behaviour of agents and value proposition helped change the various proposed models in mainstream economics. The 2008 global financial crisis jolted the sensibilities of the entire world. Since the last decade trillions of dollars have been pumped into the global financial systems to ensure that the mega-financial institutions do not fail. Several Nobel Laureates in Economics including other prominent economists have questioned the mainstream academia’s ethical position and their inability to predict the 2008 financial crisis. Her Majesty the Queen of England called the crisis ‘Awful’. Her Majesty is known for her remarkable ability to clad public display of emotions. This paper aims to examine the failings of the mainstream economics in light of the existing scholarly literature on the topic. The authors believe that the mainstream economic is in dire need of overhaul

Anca İlişkili Vaskülitlerde Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Giriş-Amaç: Anti-nötrofil sitoplazmik antikor (ANCA) ilişkili küçük damar vaskülitleri granülomatöz polianjjiitis(GPA), eozinofilik granülomatöz polianjiiitis(EGPA) ve mikroskopik polianjiitistir(MPA). Bu çalışma ile kliniğimizde takip edilen ANCA ilişkili vaskülit sıklığı ve tedavi cevapları değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç-Yöntem: Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak Ocak 2015-Aralık 2018 arasında yapıldı. Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü 2012 Chapel Hill sınıflamasına göre ANCA ilişkili vaskülit tanısı alan hastalar alındı. Bulgular: Kliniğimizde 18 tane ANCA ilişkili vaskülit hastası retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların 12’si kadın, 6’sı erkekti. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 57.8 olarak bulundu. Hastaların 2 tanesi EGPA, 3 tanesi MPA, 13 tanesi GPA tanısı ile izlendiği görüldü. GPA tanısı ile izlenen hastaların 11 tanesi sistemik tutulumla, 2 tanesinin sınırlı tutulumla seyrettiği gözlendi. GPA tanısı ile izlenen hastalarda en sık tutulumun %76 ile akciğer tutulumu, 2. sıklıkta %53 oranında böbrek tutulumu olduğu tespit edildi. MPA ile izlenen hastaların 2 hastada böbrek tutulumu, 2 hastada akciğer tutulumu olduğu saptandı. EGPA tanısı ile izlenen hastaların 2 tanesinde akciğer tutulumu olduğu gözlendi. RF ve ANA pozitifliği GPA’da en yüksek tespit edildi. ANCA ilişkili vaskülitlerde indüksiyon tedavisinde pulse steroid ve siklofosfamid ile kombine olarak verildiği gözlendi. 3 GPA hastasının nüks olduğu ve nüks olan hastaların rituksimab ile izlendiği görüldü. Tartışma-Sonuç: ANCA ilişkili vaskülitlerin klinik ve tedavisi benzerdir. ANCA ilişkili vaskülitlerin tedavisinde kısa sürede remisyon sağlanmalıdır. ANCA ilişkili vaskülitlerin takibinde nüks önemli bir problemdir. Nüks eden olgularda rituksimab tercih edilebilir

Insolvency and bankruptcy based on Islamic principles within China – a data-driven analysis and framework

Islamic bankruptcy law and finance have taken on a growing role in modern economies, with several governments aiming to align the economic system with Islamic principles and solve some of the shortcomings of existing financial regulations related to bankruptcies. Within the last 40 years, China has become a major economy with significant development of its legal system. With the increasing growth and engagement with the Muslim world, challenges have arisen with speculative business practices and rising defaults. Furthermore, the growing engagement with Muslim countries has fostered a growing focus on providing Shariah-compliant legal frameworks to encourage trade and ensure the protection of corporations. Insolvencies and bankruptcies are natural in an economy. However, Islam emphasizes the importance of there being no distinction between balance sheet insolvency and cashflow insolvency, as well as the importance of personal responsibility for the debts incurred. The article has presented a solid outline of the Islamic and Chinese bankruptcy laws and how Islamic principles can be integrated into the Chinese legal system. The arising system in the form of either a separate legal system or one integrating these principles into the existing bankruptcy regulations can significantly strengthen debtor responsibility and recovery rates and encourage fairer business practices

Citogenetičko oštećenje u turskih radnika na koksnim pećima izloženih policikličkim aromatskim ugljikovodicima: povezanost s genskim polimorfizmima CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1 i GSTP1

The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA) and cytochalasinblocked micronuclei (CBMN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Turkish coke oven workers and the influence of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on these biomarkers. Cytogenetic analysis showed that occupational exposure significantly increased the CA and CBMN frequencies. Gene polymorphisms, on the other hand, did not affect CA or CBMN in either exposed or control subjects. However, due to the limited sample size, our findings need to be verified in future studies with a larger sample.Cilj je ovog ispitivanja bio utvrditi učestalost kromosomskih aberacija (CA) i mikronukleusa (CBMN) u limfocitima periferne krvi turskih radnika na koksnim pećima te utjecaj genskih polimorfizama CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1 i GSTP1 na te biopokazatelje. Profesionalna je izloženost ovih radnika značajno povećala učestalost CA i CBMN, ali genski polimorfizmi nisu utjecali na ove parametre bez obzira na to je li se radilo o radnicima ili o kontrolnoj skupini. Međutim, značaj je naših rezultata ograničen zbog malog uzorka te su potrebna daljnja istraživanja s većim uzorkom da ih se potvrdi

Serum Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background/ Aims: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common causes of dry eye disease (DED) and autologous serum is used when artificial tears are not sufficient. Our aim was to compare serum growth factor and inflammatory cytokine levels of SS and DM patients with the healthy individuals. Methods: Twenty-three SS patients (mean age 52.70±7.55 years), 25 DM patients (mean age 56.68±6.53 years), and 23 healthy subjects (mean age 51.70±9.14 years) were included in the study. After detailed ophthalmological examination, Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were measured. Serum levels of six different proinflammatory interleukins (IL), five growth factors, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and fibronectin were measured by immunoassay. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc analysis were used for comparison and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Schirmer test and TBUT were significantly lower in the SS group (2.08±1.72 mm/5 min and 3.08±2.08 s) than in the DR (10.24±4.63 mm/5 min and 4.20±3.09 s) and control groups (13.30±5.95 mm/5 min and 9.00±1.75 s) (p<0.001). Among the parameters studied, mean serum IL-23 level was significantly higher in the SS group (156.66±207.94 pg/mL) than in the DM and control groups (73.48±95.91 and 69.59±105.39 pg/mL, respectively) (p<0.05). Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level was lowest in DM patients (DM: 12.89±21.09, SS: 30.77±19.85, and control: 27.08±21.93 ng/mL) (p<0.05). Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) showed a negative correlation with TBUT and a positive correlation with IL-1, IL-2 and fibronectin (p<0.005). Conclusions: Except IL-23 and IGF-1, the contents of serum obtained from patients with SS and DM are similar with the healthy individuals. Therefore, autologous serum seems to be a good option to replace deficient tear fluid in these subjects

Assessing Ecosystem Services Delivered by Public Green Spaces in Major European Cities

In the last decades, there was a significant population growth in urban areas. In this regard, the European major cities are not an exception; in fact, they are even still more affected by that populational exodus and consequently for an urban growth. Therefore, and considering that the urban parks in the cities are not growing at the same pace, a question is raised: “Are the public green spaces in the European major cities still able to provide the needed ecosystem services to their populations?” Based on the above-mentioned question, the present chapter aims to provide the first insights and answers to this question. Contextually, the study uses a case study research (CSR) method over several European major cities. Besides, GIS tools crossing statistical data are also used to analyze the data and consequently understood and establish a state of the art regarding this relevant issue