KUMKAPI’DA BİR GÜLŞENİHANE: MUHSİNE HATUN TEKKESİ

Muhsine Hatun Lodge is one of the first lodges of the Gulshaniyya sect established in Istanbul. The first Gulshaniyya lodges of the city were established in the 16th century under the leadership of Hasan Zarifi Efendi, who was left as the caliph by Ibrahim Gulshani, the founder of the sect. These lodges; Durmuş Dede Lodge in Rumelihisarı and Muhsine Hatun Lodge, which was established in Kumkapı and was a masjid converted from a church when it was allocated. Very detailed studies have been carried out about the Durmuş Dede Lodge, where Hasan Zarifi Efendi was the sheikh for many years. However, there is no separate study about Muhsine Hatun Lodge, which started its activities as a Gulshani lodge and which we think has a special value and importance for Gulshaniyya in the city. Considering that women’s foundations are an area of interest, there was a need to conduct a study that could present compiled information to researchers, in which Muhsine Hatun Lodge was also discussed. The Istanbul process of Gulshanism has a remarkable background with its developments in the axis of Ibrahim Pasha, Suleiman The Magnificent and Ibrahim Gulshani. It is possible that this situation may have had an impact on this structure to be built in the future. The aim of this study is to try to examine the historical events of Muhsine Hatun Lodge, which is one of the monumental structures of Kumkapı Nişancası with its 500 year old past, the disasters it affected, its architectural features and its sheikhs. Our study was supported by photographs and compared with the conditions of the building in previous years. The study, which we used document scanning and field investigation techniques, was limited to Muhsine Hatun Lodge in Istanbul of the Gulshaniyya sect

Live cell imaging of low- and non-repetitive chromosome loci using CRISPR-Cas9.

Imaging chromatin dynamics is crucial to understand genome organization and its role in transcriptional regulation. Recently, the RNA-guidable feature of CRISPR-Cas9 has been utilized for imaging of chromatin within live cells. However, these methods are mostly applicable to highly repetitive regions, whereas imaging regions with low or no repeats remains as a challenge. To address this challenge, we design single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) integrated with up to 16 MS2 binding motifs to enable robust fluorescent signal amplification. These engineered sgRNAs enable multicolour labelling of low-repeat-containing regions using a single sgRNA and of non-repetitive regions with as few as four unique sgRNAs. We achieve tracking of native chromatin loci throughout the cell cycle and determine differential positioning of transcriptionally active and inactive regions in the nucleus. These results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to monitor the position and dynamics of both repetitive and non-repetitive genomic regions in live cells

Screening of Tomatoes for Their Resistance to Salinity and Drought Stress

In the study, 55 tomato genotypes have been investigated for their responses against salinity stresses in 48 day old early plant growth stage. For these purposes, several morphological and physiological measurements and analysis have been done in stressed plants. Shoot and root dry weights, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, relative water content, stomatal conductance, leaf osmotic potential, leaf water potential, shoot K, Ca and Cl concentrations were measured and analyzed. Salt and drought tolerant and sensitive (intolerant) genotypes have been found out according to the responses of the tomato genotypes to the above mentioned morphological and physiological parameters. At the end of the study, the fifty-five tomato genotypes were classified as tolerant, mildly tolerant or susceptible. Shoot dry weight, plant total leaf area, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, K, Ca, Na and Cl concentrations in shoot and root, K/Na, Ca/Na, membrane injury index and visual appearance of damages were more relevant parameter for screening studies. Keywords: Stress, saline, water, tolerance, selection, breedin

Effect of Zofenopril on regeneration of sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Zofenopril is an antioxidant agent which has been shown to have beneficial effects in hypertension and heart failure. The aim of this study was to test the effects of Zofenopril on nerve regeneration and scarring in a rat model of peripheral nerve crush injury.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-one adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a surgical procedure involving right sciatic nerve crush injury. 15 mg/kg Zofenopril was administered orally to seven rats in group Z for seven days. Seven rats in group S received saline orally for seven days. Seven rats in the control group C received no drug after crush injury. Fourteenth and 42nd days after injury, functional and electromyography assessments of nerves were performed. Functional recovery was analyzed using a walking track assessment, and quantified using the sciatic functional index (SFI). After these evaluations, all rats were sacrificed and microscopic evaluations were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Sciatic functional Index (SFI) in group Z on 14^thday is different significantly from group S and group C (p = 0.037). But on 42^ndday there was no difference between groups (p = 0.278). The statistical analyses of electromyelographic (EMG) studies showed that the latency in group Z is significantly different from group S (p = 0.006) and group C (p = 0.045). But on 42^ndday there was no difference between groups like SFI (p = 0.147). The amplitude was evaluated better in group Z than others (p < 0.05). In microscopic evaluation, we observed the highest number of nerve regeneration in the group Z and the lowest in the group C. But it was not significant statistically.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that Zofenopril promotes the regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries in rat models.</p

Changes in novel gastrointestinal and renal injury markers in the blood plasma of sheep following increasing intravenous doses of tolfenamic acid

The administration of high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as tolfenamic acid (TA), has undesirable effects on different organs. Some novel biomarkers have been reported that can determine the gastrointestinal and renal injury caused by a high dose of NSAIDs or other toxic substances. This study was aimed at determining the changes in gastrointestinal (TFF2 and HYP), renal (NGAL and KIM-1) and cardiac (cTn-I, CK-MB) injury markers after the use of increasing intravenous doses of TA in sheep. TA was administered intravenously to groups of six sheep each, at the dose levels of 0 (Group 0, i.e., G0), 2 (G2), 4 (G4), 8 (G8) and 16 (G16) mg/kg. The concentrations of the studied biomarkers were measured at 3, 9, 18 and 36 h after administration of TA. The TFF2 and NGAL concentrations in G16 were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the other groups except for G8 at different sampling times. HYP concentration in G16 was observed to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in all other groups at 36 h. KIM-1 level in G16 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in all other groups at different sampling times. An increase in the renal markers, KIM-1 and NGAL, in G8 was observed before any change in plasma creatinine and urea. The cardiac marker cTn-I in G16 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in other groups at different sampling times. The results showed that the novel biomarkers (HYP, TFF2, NGAL, and KIM-1) can be used to determine gastric and renal injury in sheep

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and thrombomodulin in bovine traumatic pericarditis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers of cardiac damage such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and thrombomodulin (TM) for the detection and prognosis of bovine traumatic pericarditis (TP). Spontaneous TP was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs, complete blood count, glutaraldehyde test, ultrasonography, and pericardiocentesis findings. H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM levels in serum were compared between 25 Holstein cows diagnosed with spontaneous TP and 10 healthy control cows using bovine-specific ELISA kits. Serum H-FABP in cattle with TP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group and positively correlated with cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), PTX-3 and TM (r = 0.683, 0.342, 0.448 and 0.424, respectively; P < 0.05). The serum levels of PTX-3 (P < 0.05) and TM (P < 0.05) in cattle with TP were significantly higher than in the control group. Cardiac damage biomarkers H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM may be useful in the diagnosis of bovine TP

Self-aware Computing in the Angstrom Processor

Addressing the challenges of extreme scale computing requires holistic design of new programming models and systems that support those models. This paper discusses the Angstrom processor, which is designed to support a new Self-aware Computing (SEEC) model. In SEEC, applications explicitly state goals, while other systems components provide actions that the SEEC runtime system can use to meet those goals. Angstrom supports this model by exposing sensors and adaptations that traditionally would be managed independently by hardware. This exposure allows SEEC to coordinate hardware actions with actions specified by other parts of the system, and allows the SEEC runtime system to meet application goals while reducing costs (e.g., power consumption).United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The Ubiquitous High Performance Computing Progra

Einflüsse des Trägermaterials auf die Struktur und die katalytische Aktivität des MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2 Katalysators in der oxidativen Kupplung von Methan

Die großen Reserven an Erdgas werden als eine der wichtigsten zukünftigen Alternativen zu den rückläufigen Rohölreserven gesehen. Obwohl die Zusammensetzung von der geographischen Region abhängig ist, ist der Hauptbestandteil des Erdgases immer Methan, dessen Transport und Umwandlung in höherwertige Produkte eine ungelöste Herausforderung bleiben. Außerdem ist die direkte Umwandlung erfolgversprechender als die indirekte Umwandlung aufgrund der erwarteten Einsparungen in den Energie- und Kapitalkosten. Deshalb besteht für die oxidative Kupplung von Methan (OKM), die eine direkte Methode für die Umwandlung des Methans ist, großes Interesse in Wissenschaft und Industrie, verdeutlicht durch entsprechend intensiven Forschungstätigkeiten in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten. Auch wenn eine beträchtliche Anzahl von Katalysatoren erforscht wurde, ist bisher eine industrielle Anwendung nicht realisiert worden, aufgrund des Mangels aktiver, selektiver und stabiler Katalysatoren. Der am meisten untersuchte Katalysator im Forschungsbereich der OKM ist Li/MgO. Allerdings unterliegt dieser Katalysator der Deaktivierung, so dass er für eine industrielle Anwendung nicht geeignet ist. Ein erfolgversprechender Kandidat ist MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2. Es besteht großes Interesse infolge der nachgewiesen langfristigen Stabilität und dessen hoher katalytischen Aktivität. Trotz intensiver Forschung an diesem Katalysator sind strukturelle Charakterisierungen wegen seiner komplexen trimetallischen und mehrphasenigen Natur sehr schwierig. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Betrachtung des MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2 Katalysators intensiviert. Diese Forschung ergab, dass bislang typische Trägermaterialien wie Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, etc., nicht für dieses System angewandt wurden. Darüber hinaus sind detaillierte Variationen des Trägermaterials mit einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen Materialien oder Silica-Vorläufer in der Literatur nicht untersucht. Daneben gibt es keine Untersuchungen zur Aktivität von MnxOy-Na2WO4 ohne Trägermaterial. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine breite Palette von Variationen des Trägermaterials (z.B. ZrO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) durchgeführt, um die Wirkung auf Aktivität und Stabilität des Katalysators zu untersuchen. Die hergestellten Katalysatoren wurden mit der Stickstoffadsorption und der Röntgenbeugungsanalyse charakterisiert. Die langfristigen Time-on-Stream Experimente wurden in einem parallelen Testreaktor durchgeführt, um einen direkten Vergleich erhalten zu können. Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2-Rutil, SiC und besonders SiO2 waren geeignete Trägermaterialien. Mit Al2O3 war die Totaloxidation dominierend. Dazu kommt, dass Mn2O3-Na2WO4 Katalysator ohne Trägermaterial eine mäßige Aktivität gezeigt hat. Die Schlußfolgerung ist, dass SiO2 das am besten geeignete Trägermaterial zu sein scheint. Im Projekt zur Variation des Siliciumdioxides wurden die Einflüsse von verschiedenen Siliciumdioxid-Materialien auf die Aktivität, Selektivität und Stabilität des MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2 untersucht. Die ausgewählten Katalysatoren (Cat-1, Cat-2 und Cat-3) wurden durch die in-situ und ex-situ Röntgenbeugung, Stickstoffadsorption, XPS-Oberflächenzusammensetzung, ICP-chemische Zusammensetzung, TEM- und REM-Bildgebung, die Analyse der Partikelgrößenverteilung charakterisiert. Die Unreinheiten einiger Silicamaterialien wurden festgestellt und durch XRF und ICP Methoden bestimmt. Die Leistungsfähigkeiten der verschiedenen Siliciumdioxid-Katalysatoren haben sich nicht substanziell unterschieden. Dennoch waren zwei von ihnen (Cat-1 und Cat-3) „Ausreißer“, die als das beste und das schlechteste Material im Vergleich untersucht wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die katalytische Leistungsfähigkeit stark von der Art von Siliciumdioxid-Trägermaterial abhängt. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des geordneten mesoporösen SBA-15 Trägerkatalysators (Cat-1) war herausragend im Vergleich zu allen anderen Siliciumdioxid-Katalysatoren.The large resources of natural gas are considered to be one of the most important alternatives to the declining reserves of crude oil. Although the composition shows differences depending on the geographical region, the major constituent of natural gas is always methane, whose transport and conversion into value added products remain an unsolved challenge. Moreover, direct conversions are more promising than indirect conversions due to the expected savings in energy and capital cost. Therefore, the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), which is a direct way for the conversion of methane, is of great interest in both, academia and industry, and has been investigated intensely in the last three decades. Although, a great number of catalysts have been studied, up to date an industrial application has not been realized in the chemical industry, due to the lack of active, selective and stable catalysts. The most studied catalyst in OCM research has been Li/MgO. However, this catalyst suffers from severe deactivation, so that it is not suitable for a practical application. A promising candidate, MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2, has attracted great interest because of its proven long term stability and its highly suitable catalytic performance. Despite the large number of studies on this catalyst, structural characterizations are very difficult due to its complex supported trimetallic and multiphase nature. In the present thesis, the review on the MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst was updated. This survey brought out that so far typical support materials such as Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, etc., have not been applied for this system. Furthermore, detailed variations of the support material with a variety of different materials or the silica precursors are missing in the literature. Besides that, no experiment has been reported on the activity of MnxOy-Na2WO4 without support material. In the support material variation project, a wide-range variation of the support material (e.g. ZrO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) was carried out to reveal its effect to the activity and the stability of the catalyst. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET surface area and X-ray diffraction analysis and the long term time on stream experiments were performed. Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2-rutile, SiC and especially SiO2 were suitable support materials, but for Al2O3 the total oxidation was dominating. Moreover, Mn2O3-Na2WO4 catalyst without support material showed a reasonable catalytic performance. As a consequence, SiO2 appeared to be the most suitable support material, in the silica variation project, the influences of the various types of silica materials on the activity, selectivity and the stability of the MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2 were investigated. Three selected catalysts were characterized in detail via in-situ and ex-situ X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, XPS surface composition, ICP chemical composition, TEM and SEM imaging, particle size distribution analyses. The impurities of some silica materials were detected and determined by XRF and ICP methods. The performances of the different silica supported catalysts mostly did not differ substantially. However, two of them were outliners, performing as the best one and the worst one. The results indicated that the catalytic performance heavily depends on the type of silica support material. The performance of the ordered mesoporous SBA-15 material supported catalyst was outstanding in comparison to all other silica supported catalysts

Damage diagnosis of a laminated composite beam and plate via model based structural health monitoring techniques

WOS: 000392927000002In this study, model based damage identification algorithms were applied for a delaminated composite beam and plate. Initially, natural frequencies of healthy and delaminated beam were measured via experimental modal analysis. Next, the natural frequencies obtained by experimental method were verified with the finite element analysis. Once the validation has been fulfilled, the next step was to apply the finite element analysis to extract the mode shapes. Then, the curvatures mode shapes were obtained from the mode shapes, and these parameters were used in the gapped smooth method (GSM) and strain energy method (SEM) to detect the location and size of the delamination. The damage diagnosis technique for composite plate was evaluated for two cases. In the first case, it was assumed that the initial health information of a structure is known. However, the information of an undamaged structure may not be available during the diagnosis process for some circumstances. Therefore, the diagnosis was conducted by evaluating the curvatures of damaged structure using surface fit techniques in order to predict the initial status for the second case. Both of the two damage detection algorithms were evaluated for these two cases. The results show that, the delamination of laminated composite beam and plate could be predicted non-destructively by employing the data obtained from experimental or numerical technique in model based SHM approach for laboratory conditions