Maximal entanglement of squeezed vacuum states via swapping with number-phase measurement

We propose a method to refine entanglement via swapping from a pair of squeezed vacuum states by performing the Bell measurement of number sum and phase difference. The resultant states are maximally entangled by adjusting the two squeezing parameters to the same value. We then describe the teleportation of number states by using the entangled states prepared in this way.Comment: 4 pages, 1 PS figure, RevTe

The high temperature expansion of the classical XYZXYZ chain

We present the $\beta$-expansion of the Helmholtz free energy of the classical $XYZ$ model, with a single-ion anisotropy term and in the presence of an external magnetic field, up to order $\beta^{12}$. We compare our results to the numerical solution of Joyce's [Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 581 (1967)] expression for the thermodynamics of the $XXZ$ classical model, with neither single-ion anisotropy term nor external magnetic field. This comparison shows that the derived analytical expansion is valid for intermediate temperatures such as $kT/J_x \approx 0.5$. We show that the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of the spin-2 antiferromagnetic chain can be approximated by their respective classical results, up to $kT/J \approx 0.8$, within an error of 2.5%. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic chains have the same classical Helmholtz free energy. We show how this two types of media react to the presence of an external magnetic field

Bosonic representation of one-dimensional Heisenberg ferrimagnets

The energy structure and the thermodynamics of ferrimagnetic Heisenberg chains of alternating spins S and s are described in terms of the Schwinger bosons and modified spin waves. In the Schwinger representation, we average the local constraints on the bosons and diagonalize the Hamiltonian at the Hartree-Fock level. In the Holstein-Primakoff representation, we optimize the free energy in two different ways introducing an additional constraint on the staggered magnetization. A new modified spin-wave scheme, which employs a Lagrange multiplier keeping the native energy structure free from temperature and thus differs from the original Takahashi Scheme, is particularly stressed as an excellent language to interpret one-dimensional quantum ferrimagnetism. Other types of one-dimensional ferrimagnets and the antiferromagnetic limit S=s are also mentioned.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. B 69, No. 6, 0644XX (2004

Continuous variable quantum cryptography

We propose a quantum cryptographic scheme in which small phase and amplitude modulations of CW light beams carry the key information. The presence of EPR type correlations provides the quantum protection.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Polarization Entangled W State using Parametric Down-Conversion

An experimental scheme for preparing a polarization entangled W states from four photons emitted by parametric down-conversion is proposed. We consider two different configurations and a method of improving the yield by using single photon sources. In the proposed scheme, one uses only linear optical elements and photon detectors, so that this scheme is feasible by current technologies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Teleportation-based number state manipulation with number sum measurement

We examine various manipulations of photon number states which can be implemented by teleportation technique with number sum measurement. The preparations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen resources as well as the number sum measurement resulting in projection to certain Bell state may be done conditionally with linear optical elements, i.e., beam splitters, phase shifters and zero-one-photon detectors. Squeezed vacuum states are used as primary entanglement resource, while single-photon sources are not required.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Misprints are corrected. 3 figures for number sum measurement are added. Discussion on manipulations are expanded. Calculations for success probabilities are added. Fig.4 is adde

Carcass characteristics and meat quality of sheep fed buffelgrass silage to replace corn silage

The aim of the study was to evaluate the carcass characteristics, proximate composition, and sensorial attributes of meat from sheep fed diets in which buffelgrass silage replaced corn silage. Thirty-two intact male crossbred Santa Inês sheep with an average live weight of 20.09 ± 2.0 kg were housed in individual stalls and allotted at random to four treatments in which corn silage was replaced by buffelgrass silage at the levels of 0 (control), 33.3%, 66.6%, and 100%. After an adaption period of 10 days, the sheep were fed for an additional 61 days. Feed was offered ad libitum and corn silage comprised 60% of the diet for the control group. Carcass characteristics, non-carcass components and meat quality were evaluated. Hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, true carcass yield, trimmings, fat weight, and mesenteric and omental fat weight were highest for the control group (P <0.05). Loin eye area had a quadratic response (P =0.02), with the largest areas being observed in animals fed the diet containing 66.6% buffelgrass silage. Liver weight (P <0.01), luminosity of the meat (P <0.05), and cooking loss (P <0.05) likewise had nonlinear responses to the concentration of buffelgrass silage in the diet. The treatments did not have significant negative influence on the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the meat

Thermal and back-action noises in dual-sphere gravitational-waves detectors

We study the sensitivity limits of a broadband gravitational-waves detector based on dual resonators such as nested spheres. We determine both the thermal and back-action noises when the resonators displacements are read-out with an optomechanical sensor. We analyze the contributions of all mechanical modes, using a new method to deal with the force-displacement transfer functions in the intermediate frequency domain between the two gravitational-waves sensitive modes associated with each resonator. This method gives an accurate estimate of the mechanical response, together with an evaluation of the estimate error. We show that very high sensitivities can be reached on a wide frequency band for realistic parameters in the case of a dual-sphere detector.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Cosmological Consequences of String-forming Open Inflation Models

We present a study of open inflation cosmological scenarios in which cosmic strings form betwen the two inflationary epochs. It is shown that in these models strings are stretched outside the horizon due to the inflationary expansion but must necessarily re-enter the horizon before the epoch of equal matter and radiation densities. We determine the power spectrum of cold dark matter perturbations in these hybrid models, finding good agreement with observations for values of $\Gamma=\Omega_0h\sim0.3$ and comparable contributions from the active and passive sources to the CMB. Finally, we briefly discuss other cosmological consequences of these models.Comment: 11 LaTeX pages with 3 eps figure

Variational and DMRG studies of the Frustrated Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg S=1 Quantum Spin Chain

We study a frustrated antiferromagnetic isotropic Heisenberg $S=1$ chain using a variational ansatz and the DMRG. At $\alpha_D=0.284(1)$, there is a disorder point of the second kind, marking the onset of incommensurate correlations in the chain. At $\alpha_L=0.3725(25)$ there is a Lifshitz point, at which the excitation spectrum develops a doubly degenerate structure. These points are the quantum remnants of the transition from antiferromagnetic to spiral order in the classical frustrated chain. At $\alpha_T=0.7444(6)$ there is a first order phase transition from an AKLT phase to a next-nearest neighbor generalization of the AKLT model. At the transition, the string order parameter shows a discontinuous jump of 0.085 to 0; the correlation length and the gap are both finite at the transition. The problem of edge states in open frustrated chains is discussed at length.Comment: 37 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.