Silver nanoparticles in orthodontics, a new alternative in bacterial inhibition: in vitro study

Background The purpose of the study is to assess the antiadherent and antibacterial properties of surface-modified different orthodontic brackets with silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, using radiomarker. Methods In this study evaluated quantitatively the adherence of Streptococci to orthodontic brackets, 300 samples of orthodontic brackets were selected and classified in to 10 groups as follow: GIn (InVu-Roth), GIIn (System-AlexanderLTS), GIIIn (Gemini-Roth), GIVn (NuEdge-Roth), GVn (Radiance plus-Roth), GVI (InVu-Roth), GVII (System-AlexanderLTS), GVIII (Gemini-Roth), GIX (NuEdge-Roth), GX (Radiance plus-Roth). All the samples were sonicated and Streptococci were cultivated by gender. A radioactive marker (3H) was used to codify the bacteria and measure them. After that, the brackets were submerged in a radiolabelled solution, and the radiation was measured. The statistical analysis was calculated with ANOVA test (Sheffè post hoc). Results The results showed significant differences were found among the groups. GIIIn shown the lowest scores for both bacteria; in contrast, GIX for Streptococcus mutans and GVI for Streptococcus sobrinus were the highest values. Conclusions Surface modification of orthodontic brackets with silver nanoparticles can be used to prevent the accumulation of dental plaque and the development of dental caries during orthodontic treatment

Quantitative analysis of S. mutans and S. sobrinus cultivated independently and adhered to polished orthodontic composite resins

In Orthodontics, fixed appliances placed in the oral cavity are colonized by microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine the independent bacterial colonization of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in orthodontic composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven orthodontic composite adhesives for bonding brackets were selected and classified into 14 groups; (GIm, GIs) Enlight, (GIIm, GIIs) Grengloo, (GIIIm, GIIIs) Kurasper F, (GIVm, GIVs) BeautyOrtho Bond, (GVm, GVs) Transbond CC, (GVIm, GVIs) Turbo Bond II, (GVIIm, GVIIs) Blugloo. 60 blocks of 4x4x1 mm of each orthodontic composite resin were made (total 420 blocks), and gently polished with sand-paper and ultrasonically cleaned. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were independently cultivated. For the quantitative analysis, a radioactive marker was used to codify the bacteria (³H) adhered to the surface of the materials. The blocks were submerged in a solution with microorganisms previously radiolabeled and separated (210 blocks for S. mutans and 210 blocks for S. sobrinus) for 2 hours at 37ºC. Next, the blocks were placed in a combustion system, to capture the residues and measure the radiation. The statistical analysis was calculated with the ANOVA test (Sheffè post-hoc). RESULTS: Significant differences of bacterial adhesion were found amongst the groups. In the GIm and GIs the significant lowest scores for both microorganisms were shown; in contrast, the values of GVII for both bacteria were significantly the highest. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the orthodontic composite resin evaluated in the GIm and GIs, obtained the lowest adherence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, which may reduce the enamel demineralization and the risk of white spot lesion formation

Cancer of the Pancreas in 125 Patients

In this report, we did a retrospective study of 125 patients with cancer of the pancreas. Seventeen (36.2%) of the 47 patients with cancer of the pancreatic head underwent resection; 11.2% died within 30 days of surgery, 33.3 survived the first year, and 13.3 survived the first three years. The longest survival was for five years. Nine (23%) of the 39 patients with cancer of the pancreatic body and tail underwent resection; 11.1% died within 30 days, 37.5% survived the first year, and none survived more than three years. The longest survival was for 35 months. Important factors affecting the prognosis were invasion by the cancer of veins or lymph vessels in the surrounding tissues, and metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Lymphatic drainage of small cancers of the pancreatic head were established early. Invasion to the retroperitoneal tissue in cancer of the pancreatic body and tail was more common than in cancer of the pancreatic head. For the patient of early cancer of the pancreas, we strongly recommend total pancreatectomy over WHIPPLE\u27s pancreatoduodenectomy, based on results of our analysis of the outcome in our patients following these two operations. Key words: Cancer of the pancreas, Total pancreatectomy, WHIPPLE\u27s pancreatoduodenectom

A Retrospective Study in the Diagnosis of 301 Jaundiced Cases

In the past 12 years, 301 patients with a total serum bilirubin over 2 mg/dl (reference interval 0.2-0.8 mg/dl) were admitted to the Second Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the jaundiced cases and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the following imaging techniques: Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (US), Drip Infusion Cholangiography (DIC), Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio- pancreatography (ERCP), Percutaneous transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) and Selective Celiac Angiography (SCAG). Of the 301 patients, 63 had carcinoma of the bile duct, 48 carcinoma of the pancreas, 26 carcinoma of the gallbladder, 16 hepatoma, 8 carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, 83 cholelithiasis, 27 parenchymal liver disease, 9 congenital bile duct disease, 5 chronic pancreatitis, 14 other diseases, and 2 had no final diagnosis. CT was attempted in 33 of 170 patients with malignancy, and 22 of 129 patients with benignancy. A correct finding was obtained in 23 (69.7%) of the 33 patients and 18 (81.8%) of the 22 patients, respectively. US gave a correct finding in 28 (59.6 %) of 47 patients with malignancy, and 36 (69.2%) of 52 patients with benignancy. DIC gave a correct finding in 1 (5.6%) of 18 patients with malignancy, and 16 (42.1%) of 38 patients with benignancy. ERCP gave a correct finding in 33 (76.7%) of 43 patients with malignancy, and 38 (74.5%) of 51 patients with benignancy. PTC gave a correct finding i

Deregulation of Sucrose-Controlled Translation of a bZIP-Type Transcription Factor Results in Sucrose Accumulation in Leaves

Sucrose is known to repress the translation of Arabidopsis thaliana AtbZIP11 transcript which encodes a protein belonging to the group of S (S - stands for small) basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factor. This repression is called sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT). It is mediated through the sucrose-controlled upstream open reading frame (SC-uORF) found in the AtbZIP11 transcript. The SIRT is reported for 4 other genes belonging to the group of S bZIP in Arabidopsis. Tobacco tbz17 is phylogenetically closely related to AtbZIP11 and carries a putative SC-uORF in its 5′-leader region. Here we demonstrate that tbz17 exhibits SIRT mediated by its SC-uORF in a manner similar to genes belonging to the S bZIP group of the Arabidopsis genus. Furthermore, constitutive transgenic expression of tbz17 lacking its 5′-leader region containing the SC-uORF leads to production of tobacco plants with thicker leaves composed of enlarged cells with 3–4 times higher sucrose content compared to wild type plants. Our finding provides a novel strategy to generate plants with high sucrose content

Transient activation of c-MYC expression is critical for efficient platelet generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells

A specific kinetic pattern of c-MYC expression is essential for optimal generation of functional platelets from human induced pluripotent stem cells

ADHESION OF Candida albicans AND Streptococcus mutans TO SILVER NANOPARTICLE-MODIFIED POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE

"This in vitro study independently evaluated the adhesion of Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A total of 160 samples were used, separat