The stability for the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations

We discuss the ill-posed Cauchy problem for elliptic equations, which is pervasive in inverse boundary value problems modeled by elliptic equations. We provide essentially optimal stability results, in wide generality and under substantially minimal assumptions. As a general scheme in our arguments, we show that all such stability results can be derived by the use of a single building brick, the three-spheres inequality.Comment: 57 pages, review articl

Regularity Properties and Pathologies of Position-Space Renormalization-Group Transformations

We reconsider the conceptual foundations of the renormalization-group (RG) formalism, and prove some rigorous theorems on the regularity properties and possible pathologies of the RG map. Regarding regularity, we show that the RG map, defined on a suitable space of interactions (= formal Hamiltonians), is always single-valued and Lipschitz continuous on its domain of definition. This rules out a recently proposed scenario for the RG description of first-order phase transitions. On the pathological side, we make rigorous some arguments of Griffiths, Pearce and Israel, and prove in several cases that the renormalized measure is not a Gibbs measure for any reasonable interaction. This means that the RG map is ill-defined, and that the conventional RG description of first-order phase transitions is not universally valid. For decimation or Kadanoff transformations applied to the Ising model in dimension $d \ge 3$, these pathologies occur in a full neighborhood $\{ \beta > \beta_0 ,\, |h| < \epsilon(\beta) \}$ of the low-temperature part of the first-order phase-transition surface. For block-averaging transformations applied to the Ising model in dimension $d \ge 2$, the pathologies occur at low temperatures for arbitrary magnetic-field strength. Pathologies may also occur in the critical region for Ising models in dimension $d \ge 4$. We discuss in detail the distinction between Gibbsian and non-Gibbsian measures, and give a rather complete catalogue of the known examples. Finally, we discuss the heuristic and numerical evidence on RG pathologies in the light of our rigorous theorems.Comment: 273 pages including 14 figures, Postscript, See also ftp.scri.fsu.edu:hep-lat/papers/9210/9210032.ps.

Polymorphic phase transitions and ferroelectric properties in β-glycine single crystals and micro islands

The research was carried out using equipment of Ural Center for Shared Use "Modern Nanotechnologies" Ural Federal University with the financial support by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution 211, Contract 02.A03.21.0006). The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-32-00390

СИТУАЦІЙНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ АПТЕЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ АГРЕСІЇ ПРОТИ УКРАЇНИ

The aim of the work. Research of the state and prospects of regional pharmacy network (PN) activity in the conditions of russian aggression against Ukraine (on the example of the chain of pharmacies "Apteka Puls"). Materials and Methods. The subject of the study was the activity of PN "Apteka Puls", which as of March 1, 2024, had 114 pharmacy establishments in Lviv and the Lviv region and one - in the Ternopil region. The following methods have been used: observation, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics, brainstorming, complex TOWS analysis, comparison and generalization. Results and Discussion. Through a qualitative TOWS analysis, a set of 54 factors that have or may have an impact on the state and prospects of PN "Apteka Puls" activity have been formed and substantiated. On the basis of a quantitative TOWS analysis, in which took part 43 pharmaceutical specialists (PS) of PN "Apteka Puls" took part, it has been found that among 15 threats – the decrease in the solvency of the population, full-scale russian aggression against Ukraine and monopolization of the retail pharmaceutical market by five companies and the devaluation of the pharmaceutical profession received the highest scores, among the 12 opportunities – high demand for pharmaceutical services, the government's inclusion of the pharmaceutical industry in the list of priority sectors of the economy and the program of state guarantees of medical care for the population, among the 11 weak points – the salary level of the PS does not have a significant difference compared to other PNs, the increase in the workload of the PS in PNs due to their shortage and insufficiently competitive pricing policy, among the 16 strength points – timely payment of salaries, payment for vacations and letters of temporary incapacity, convenient location of pharmacy establishments, breadth and depth of assortment, participation of PN in the government program "Affordable Medicines" and established long-term relationships with suppliers. The balance of the quantitative TOWS analysis is positive, which indicates the possibility of improving the activity of the studied PN. With the help of a cross-analysis of the factors of the external and internal environment, the risks, challenges and comparative advantages of the prospects for the development of PN "Apteka Puls" have been identified. Conclusions. Based on the results of the situational analysis of the activity of PN "Apteka Puls", it has been found that the most likely is a realistic scenario of its development, which consists in using a combination of those opportunities and strengths that can most likely be implemented, regardless of the possible reaction from the threats and weaknesses.Мета роботи. Дослідженні стану та перспектив діяльності регіональної аптечної мережі (АМ) в умовах російської агресії проти України (на прикладі мережі аптек «Аптека Пульс»). Матеріали і методи. Предметом дослідження була діяльність АМ «Аптека Пульс», яка станом на 01.03.2024 р. налічувала 114 аптечних закладів у Львові та Львівській області, один – у Тернопільській області. Використано методи: спостереження, анкетного опитування, математичної статистики, мозкового штурму, комплексного TOWS-аналізу, порівняння та узагальнення. Результати й обговорення. Шляхом якісного TOWS-аналізу сформовано та обґрунтовано сукупність з 54 чинників, які мають чи можуть мати вплив на стан і перспективи діяльності АМ «Аптека Пульс». На підставі кількісного TOWS-аналізу, участь в якому взяли 43 фармацевтичні фахівці (ФФ) АМ «Аптека Пульс», з’ясовано, що серед 15 загроз високі бали отримало зниження платоспроможності населення, повномасштабна російська агресія проти України, монополізація роздрібного фармацевтичного ринку п’ятьма компаніями та знецінення фармацевтичного фаху, серед 12 можливостей – високий попит на фармацевтичні послуги, внесення урядом фармацевтичної промисловості до переліку пріоритетних галузей економіки та програма державних гарантій медичного обслуговування населення, серед 11 слабких сторін –&nbsp; рівень заробітної плати ФФ не має відчутної різниці порівняно з іншими АМ, зростання робочого навантаження на ФФ АМ через їх нестачу та недостатньо конкурентна цінова політика, серед 16 сильних сторін – своєчасна виплата заробітної плати, оплата відпусток та листів тимчасової непрацездатності, зручне розташування аптечних закладів, ширина та глибина асортименту, участь АМ в урядовій програмі «Доступні ліки» та налагоджені тривалі зв’язки з постачальниками. Баланс кількісного TOWS-аналізу є позитивним, що вказує на можливість покращення діяльності досліджуваної АМ. За допомогою перехресного аналізу чинників зовнішнього і внутрішнього середовища виявлено ризики, виклики та порівняльні переваги перспектив розвитку АМ «Аптека Пульс». Висновки. На підставі результатів проведеного ситуаційного аналізу діяльності АМ «Аптека Пульс» з’ясовано, що найбільш ймовірним є реалістичний сценарій її розвитку, який полягає у використанні поєднання тих можливостей та сильних сторін, які швидше за все можуть бути реалізовані, незалежно від змоги реакції з боку загроз і слабких сторін

Energy harvesting from nanofibers of hybrid organic ferroelectric dabcoHReO(4)

We report excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of electrospun nanofibers based on the hybrid ferroelectric 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane perrhenate (dabcoHReO(4)). Ferroelectric nanoparticles are embedded into the fibers being naturally aligned with the major polarization component along the fiber axis. A flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator consisting of an aligned array of dabcoHReO(4) fibers provides a voltage above 100 mV under a moderate strain level. The pyroelectric coefficient in as-electrospun dabcoHReO(4) fiber mat is similar to that in poled polyvinylidene difluoride nanofibers. The results show that the nanofibers based on dabcoHReO(4) have a great potential for pyroelectric and piezoelectric autonomous energy harvesting with natural advantages such as biocompatibility, flexibility, low cost, and easy fabrication. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

Протокол функционального обследования аноректальной зоны и классификация нарушений: международный консенсус и Российские рекомендации

This manuscript summarizes consensus reached by the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group (IAPWG) for the performance, terminology used, and interpretation of anorectal function testing including anorectal manometry (focused on high-resolution manometry), the rectal sensory test, and the balloon expulsion test. Based on these measurements, a classification system for disorders of anorectal function is proposed. Aim to provide information about methods of diagnosis and new classification of functional anorectal disorders to a wide range of specialists general practitioners, therapists, gastroenterologists, coloproctologists all who face the manifestations of these diseases in everyday practice and determine the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Current paper provides agreed statements of IAPWG Consensus and comments (in italics) of Russian experts on real-world practice, mainly on methodology of examination. These comments in no way intended to detract from the provisions agreed by the international group of experts. We hope that these comments will help to improve the quality of examination based on the systematization of local experience with the use of the methods discussed and the results obtained. Key recommendations: the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group protocol for the performance of anorectal function testing recommends a standardized sequence of maneuvers to test rectoanal reflexes, anal tone and contractility, rectoanal coordination, and rectal sensation. Major findings not seen in healthy controls defined by the classification are as follows: rectoanal areflexia, anal hypotension and hypocontractility, rectal hyposensitivity, and hypersensitivity. Minor and inconclusive findings that can be present in health and require additional information prior to diagnosis include anal hypertension and dyssynergia

Crk and CrkL adaptor proteins: networks for physiological and pathological signaling

The Crk adaptor proteins (Crk and CrkL) constitute an integral part of a network of essential signal transduction pathways in humans and other organisms that act as major convergence points in tyrosine kinase signaling. Crk proteins integrate signals from a wide variety of sources, including growth factors, extracellular matrix molecules, bacterial pathogens, and apoptotic cells. Mounting evidence indicates that dysregulation of Crk proteins is associated with human diseases, including cancer and susceptibility to pathogen infections. Recent structural work has identified new and unusual insights into the regulation of Crk proteins, providing a rationale for how Crk can sense diverse signals and produce a myriad of biological responses

Результаты современных радиационно-гигиенических обследований приграничных с Республикой Беларусь населенных пунктов Брянской области Российской Федерации. Часть 1: Характеристика населенных пунктов

This study presents results of radiation-hygienic surveys of the Bryansk Oblast settlements bordering the Republic of Belarus. The data were obtained in the course of implementation of measures of the “Program of joint activities of Russia and Belarus within the framework of the Union State for the protection of the population and rehabilitation of the territories affected by the Chernobyl NPP accident” in 2019–2022. The first part of the study presents a general characteristic of the current state of the problem of returning the residents of radioactively contaminated territories to normal living conditions and provides information on the settlements of the surveyed region. The modern demographic composition of the population is considered; the structure of private subsidiary plots is investigated. The results described in this part of the study indicate the main ways, which are relevant for the formation of the internal exposure dose of the public at the current stage of the radiation accident.В статье приводятся результаты радиационно-гигиенических обследований приграничных с Республикой Беларусь населенных пунктов Брянской области, полученные в 2019–2022 гг. в ходе реализации мероприятий «Программы совместной деятельности России и Беларуси в рамках Союзного государства по защите населения и реабилитации территорий, пострадавших в результате катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС». В первой части статьи дана общая характеристика современного состояния проблемы возвращения жителей радиоактивно загрязненных территорий к условиям нормальной жизнедеятельности и приводятся сведения о населенных пунктах обследованного региона. Рассмотрен современный демографический состав населения, исследована структура личных подсобных хозяйств. На основании результатов, описанных в данной части публикации, выделены основные пути формирования дозы внутреннего облучения населения, актуальные для современного этапа радиационной аварии