1,260 research outputs found
Room temperature ferromagnetic behavior in the hollandite-type titanium oxide
A hollandite-type K(x)Ti(8)O(16) polycrystalline sample has been prepared and studied by magnetization, resistivity and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Room temperature ferromagnetic behavior is observed in the magnetic hysteresis measurement. The sample shows a semiconductive temperature dependence in the resistivity measurement. Analysis of the Ti 2p(3/2) core-level XPS spectrum indicates that the titanium ions have a mixed valence of Ti(4+) and Ti(3+). In addition, the valence band spectrum reveals that the 3d electrons tend to localize on Ti(3+) ions in the hollandite-type TiO(2) lattice. Also, analysis of the valence band spectrum shows that the prepared sample is a wide-gap oxide with a band gap of 3.6 eV. These results indicate that the present hollandite-type K(x)Ti(8)O(16) sample can be classified as a TiO(2)-based wide-gap semiconductor with Curie temperature above room temperature. Room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) decreases in the sample prepared under a strong reducing gas atmosphere, accompanied with the decrease in the resistivity. The results imply that the localized 3d electrons are responsible for the RTFM of the K(x)Ti(8)O(16) sample
Discurso pronunciado por el Sr. José Muro y López en el Congreso de los Diputados los días 12 y 13 de mayo de 1885 en contra de la totalidad del presupuesto de ingresos.
Precede al tít.: Documento parlamentario.Copia digital : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 201
Anisotropic Electronic Structure of the Kondo Semiconductor CeFe2Al10 Studied by Optical Conductivity
We report temperature-dependent polarized optical conductivity
[] spectra of CeFeAl, which is a reference material
for CeRuAl and CeOsAl with an anomalous magnetic
transition at 28 K. The spectrum along the b-axis differs
greatly from that in the -plane, indicating that this material has an
anisotropic electronic structure. At low temperatures, in all axes, a shoulder
structure due to the optical transition across the hybridization gap between
the conduction band and the localized states, namely -
hybridization, appears at 55 meV. However, the gap opening temperature and the
temperature of appearance of the quasiparticle Drude weight are strongly
anisotropic indicating the anisotropic Kondo temperature. The strong
anisotropic nature in both electronic structure and Kondo temperature is
considered to be relevant the anomalous magnetic phase transition in
CeRuAl and CeOsAl.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
From Boltzmann to Zipf through Shannon and Jaynes
The word-frequency distribution provides the fundamental building blocks that generate discourse in natural language. It is well known, from empirical evidence, that the word-frequency distribution of almost any text is described by Zipf's law, at least approximately. Following Stephens and Bialek (2010), we interpret the frequency of any word as arising from the interaction potentials between its constituent letters. Indeed, Jaynes' maximum-entropy principle, with the constrains given by every empirical two-letter marginal distribution, leads to a Boltzmann distribution for word probabilities, with an energy-like function given by the sum of the all-to-all pairwise (two-letter) potentials. The so-called improved iterative-scaling algorithm allows us finding the potentials from the empirical two-letter marginals. We considerably extend Stephens and Bialek's results, applying this formalism to words with length of up to six letters from the English subset of the recently created Standardized Project Gutenberg Corpus. We find that the model is able to reproduce Zipf's law, but with some limitations: the general Zipf's power-law regime is obtained, but the probability of individual words shows considerable scattering. In this way, a pure statistical-physics framework is used to describe the probabilities of words. As a by-product, we find that both the empirical two-letter marginal distributions and the interaction-potential distributions follow well-defined statistical laws
Technique for bulk Fermiology by photoemission applied to layered ruthenates
We report the Fermi surfaces of the superconductor Sr2RuO4 and the
non-superconductor Sr1.8Ca0.2RuO4 probed by bulk-sensitive high-energy
angle-resolved photoemission. It is found that there is one square-shaped
hole-like, one square-shaped electron-like and one circle-shaped electron-like
Fermi surface in both compounds. These results provide direct evidence for
nesting instability giving rise to magnetic fluctuations. Our study clarifies
that the electron correlation effects are changed with composition depending on
the individual band.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures including 2 color figure
Synchronization in Scale Free networks: The role of finite size effects
Synchronization problems in complex networks are very often studied by
researchers due to its many applications to various fields such as
neurobiology, e-commerce and completion of tasks. In particular, Scale Free
networks with degree distribution , are widely used in
research since they are ubiquitous in nature and other real systems. In this
paper we focus on the surface relaxation growth model in Scale Free networks
with , and study the scaling behavior of the fluctuations, in
the steady state, with the system size . We find a novel behavior of the
fluctuations characterized by a crossover between two regimes at a value of
that depends on : a logarithmic regime, found in previous
research, and a constant regime. We propose a function that describes this
crossover, which is in very good agreement with the simulations. We also find
that, for a system size above , the fluctuations decrease with
, which means that the synchronization of the system improves as
increases. We explain this crossover analyzing the role of the
network's heterogeneity produced by the system size and the exponent of the
degree distribution.Comment: 9 pages and 5 figures. Accepted in Europhysics Letter
Quantitative study of valence and configuration interaction parameters of the Kondo semiconductors CeM2Al10 (M = Ru, Os and Fe) by means of bulk-sensitive hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
The occupancy of the 4f^n contributions in the Kondo semiconductors
CeM2Al10(M = Ru, Os and Fe) has been quantitatively determined by means of
bulk-sensitive hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) on the Ce 3d core
levels. Combining a configuration interaction scheme with full multiplet
calculations allowed to accurately describe the HAXPES data despite the
presence of strong plasmon excitations in the spectra. The configuration
interaction parameters obtained from this analysis -- in particular the
hybridization strength V_eff and the effective f binding energy Delta_f --
indicate a slightly stronger exchange interaction in CeOs2Al10 compared to
CeRu2Al10, and a significant increase in CeFe2Al10. This verifies the
coexistence of a substantial amount of Kondo screening with magnetic order and
places the entire CeM2Al10 family in the region of strong exchange
interactions.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Interaction effects and energy barrier distribution on the magnetic relaxation of nanocrystalline hexagonal ferrites
The static and dynamic magnetic properties of nanocrystalline BaFe10.4Co0.8Ti0.8O19 M-type doped barium
ferrite were studied in detail to clarify the effect of interactions on the magnetic relaxation of an assembly of
small particles. The logarithmic approximation was unable to account for the magnetic relaxation of the
sample. Interaction effects were analyzed from the low-field susceptibility, DM plots and the time dependence
of thermoremanence, indicating that demagnetizing interactions led to an enhancement of both the relaxation
rate at low temperatures and the amount of the lowest energy barriers. It is thus suggested that care should be
taken when analyzing thermoremanent data at low temperature, in order not to confuse these experimental
findings with the signature of macroscopic quantum tunneling
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