The ideological basis of the "national" intellectuals of the imperial period: The views of G. A. Poletika (1725-1784) on "Ukrainian statehood"

The paper deals with questions regarding the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation and, particularly, the impact of the political activities and writings of G. A. Poletika (1725-1784). The author reconstructs the context of the genesis of Poletika's views of the history of "Malorossiya" and the Zaporozhian Host. The paper shows that the debates about the rights and duties of the nobility, in which Poletika was deeply involved, could not produce radically new political language capable of questioning the integrity of the Russian Empire. This, in turn, derives from the fact that preservation of "Malorossiyan rights" was an important element of political bargaining for the Ukrainian Cossack elite. The purpose of this bargain was to consolidate the privileged position of the Cossack elite. In Poletika's writings, the ideal of the "Hetmanate" or independent "Ukrainian Cossack state," as well as feelings about the loss of the "Ukrainian state," was absent, even though this concept was common to all Malorossiyan social groups. The Cossack past was considered by Poletika as an "age of misfortune," in contrast to the Polish times. The author concludes that there were significant ruptures in the process of building the modern Ukrainian nation

Coherent lidars based on intracavity heterodyning of echo signals

The development and technical realization of the method of laser sounding of the atmosphere based on the effects of mixing of reference and external fields of scattering inside a laser cavity are presented. An approximate theory of the method was developed on the basis of the investigations using the model of a three-mirror laser. The nonlinear effect of a wideband laser on frequency-dependent external influences of the atmosphere was investigated. The field measurements of gaseous composition of the atmosphere were performed on the basis of a given method of coherent reception using a tunable CO2 laser

Улучшение модели репутации и доверия путем внедрения индикаторов надежности для внутригрупповой коммуникации между автономными транспортными средствами

Reputation and Trust models have successfully been implemented to ensure security and maintain nodes’ trustworthiness in decentralized networks, including autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, the implementations of these models usually lack of objective parameters to calculate the initial Reputation values. In this study, we employ reliability-based approach to evaluate the initial Reputation value

Unified multifractal atmospheric dynamics tested in the tropics: part II, vertical scaling and generalized scale invariance

International audienceWe empirically investigate the scaling behaviour of the horizontal wind along the vertical direction using 287 radiosonde soundings with a resolution of 50 m. We compare the results obtained with those of the horizontal temporal behaviour in the framework of Generalized Scaling Invariance and the unified Scaling model of atmospheric dynamics. We find the scaling to be very well respected over the range 50 m - 13 km (nearly the entire troposphere) and we estimate the universal multifractal indices which characterize the statistics in the vertical. By comparing our result with those obtained in the horizontal we show that the degree of stratification is different for mean and extreme structures. Finally, we theoretically discuss the necessary improvements to the Unified Multifractal model needed to account for them

Stratifying derived categories of cochains on certain spaces

In recent years, Benson, Iyengar and Krause have developed a theory of stratification for compactly generated triangulated categories with an action of a graded commutative Noetherian ring. Stratification implies a classification of localizing and thick subcategories in terms of subsets of the prime ideal spectrum of the given ring. In this paper two stratification results are presented: one for the derived category of a commutative ring-spectrum with polynomial homotopy and another for the derived category of cochains on certain spaces. We also give the stratification of cochains on a space a topological content.Comment: 27 page

Diffraction based Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry performed at a hard x-ray free-electron laser

We demonstrate experimentally Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry at a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) on a sample diffraction patterns. This is different from the traditional approach when HBT interferometry requires direct beam measurements in absence of the sample. HBT analysis was carried out on the Bragg peaks from the colloidal crystals measured at Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). We observed high degree (80%) spatial coherence of the full beam and the pulse duration of the monochromatized beam on the order of 11 fs that is significantly shorter than expected from the electron bunch measurements.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, 2 table

Unified multifractal atmospheric dynamics tested in the tropics: part I, horizontal scaling and self criticality

International audienceIn this paper we test the Unified Mulifractal model of atmospheric dynamics in the tropics. In the first part, we empirically investigate the scaling behaviour along the horizontal, in the second part along the vertical. Here we concentrate on the presentation of basic multifractal notions and techniques and on how they give rise to self-organized critical structures. Indeed, we point out a rather simple and clear characterisation of these structures which may help to clarify both the nature of the oft-cited coherent structures and the generation of cyclones. Using 30 aircraft series of horizontal wind and temperature, we find rather remarkable constancy of the three universal multifractal indices H, C1 and a as well as the value of critical exponents qD, ?D associated with multifractal phase transitions and self-organized critical structures. This constancy extends not only from wind tunnel and mid-latitude to the tropics, but also to multifractals generated by Navier-Stokes like equations

The assessment of the structure of anti-doping rules violation and the evaluation of anti-doping measures efficiency in Russian athletics during 2000–2020

The assessment of the structure and trends of doping perpetrations among athletes with a proven high prevalence of doping use might be of great practical interest. Non-compliance with the zero-tolerance policy towards anti-doping rules violators among sports communities with a high prevalence of doping offenses is the main cause of the ineffective fight against doping.Objective: to analyze the structure of anti-doping rule violations and evaluate the effectiveness of measures to counter the spread of doping in Russian athletics in 2000–2020.Materials and methods: to form an objective picture, a database was collected on all anti-doping rule violators in Russian athletics from 2000 to June 01, 2020 from open sources. Retrospective analysis of the protocols of all official competitions held in Russia since 2000 and included in the RUSAF Unified Schedule was performed.Results: 381 cases of anti-doping rule violation committed during 2000–2020 period by 355 athletes were registered. 25 athletes committed 2 doping offenses and 1 athlete 3 ones. Women perpetrated more offenses than men.Conclusions: our study objectified the doping issue in Russian athletics and evaluated the effectiveness of anti-doping measures. The study indicates the need to stop ignoring zero-tolerance policy principles towards doping offenders among the athletic community and creates an incentive to develop functional mechanisms to combat doping