Scalable Microfabrication Procedures for Adhesive-Integrated Flexible and Stretchable Electronic Sensors.

New classes of ultrathin flexible and stretchable devices have changed the way modern electronics are designed to interact with their target systems. Though more and more novel technologies surface and steer the way we think about future electronics, there exists an unmet need in regards to optimizing the fabrication procedures for these devices so that large-scale industrial translation is realistic. This article presents an unconventional approach for facile microfabrication and processing of adhesive-peeled (AP) flexible sensors. By assembling AP sensors on a weakly-adhering substrate in an inverted fashion, we demonstrate a procedure with 50% reduced end-to-end processing time that achieves greater levels of fabrication yield. The methodology is used to demonstrate the fabrication of electrical and mechanical flexible and stretchable AP sensors that are peeled-off their carrier substrates by consumer adhesives. In using this approach, we outline the manner by which adhesion is maintained and buckling is reduced for gold film processing on polydimethylsiloxane substrates. In addition, we demonstrate the compatibility of our methodology with large-scale post-processing using a roll-to-roll approach

High-order volterra model predictive control and its application to a nonlinear polymerisation process

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has recently found wide acceptance in the process industry, but the existing design and implementation methods are restricted to linear process models. A chemical process involves, however, severe nonlinearity which cannot be ignored in practice. This paper aims to solve this nonlinear control problem by extending MPC to nonlinear models. It develops an analytical framework for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), and also offers a third-order Volterra series based nonparametric nonlinear modelling technique for NMPC design which relieves practising engineers from the need for first deriving a physical-principles based model. An on-line realisation technique for implementing the NMPC is also developed. The NMPC is then applied to a Mitsubishi Chemicals polymerisation reaction process. The results show that this nonlinear MPC technique is feasible and very effective. It considerably outperforms linear and low-order Volterra model based methods. The advantages of the approach developed lie not only in control performance superior to existing NMPC methods, but also in relieving practising engineers from the need for deriving an analytical model and then converting it to a Volterra model through which the model can only be obtained up to the second order

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of an antimicrobial protein from Pharbitis nil

An antimicrobial protein from seeds of Pharbitis nil (Pn-AMP) which shows an antifungal activity towards several agriculturally important plant pathogens has been crystallized in the presence of equimolar N-acetylglucosamine with sodium citrate as precipitant. The crystal belongs to the hexagonal space group P6(1)22 (or P6(5)22), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 29.33 (5), c = 133.44 (12) Angstrom. Native data were collected using a crystal at 100 K to a resolution of 1.78 Angstrom.open2

Holographic interacting dark energy in the braneworld cosmology

We investigate a model of brane cosmology to find a unified description of the radiation-matter-dark energy universe. It is of the interacting holographic dark energy with a bulk-holographic matter $\chi$. This is a five-dimensional cold dark matter, which plays a role of radiation on the brane. Using the effective equations of state $\omega^{\rm eff}_{\rm \Lambda}$ instead of the native equations of state $\omega_{\rm \Lambda}$, we show that this model cannot accommodate any transition from the dark energy with $\omega^{\rm eff}_{\rm \Lambda}\ge-1$ to the phantom regime $\omega^{\rm eff}_{\rm \Lambda}<-1$. Furthermore, the case of interaction between cold dark matter and five dimensional cold dark matter is considered for completeness. Here we find that the redshift of matter-radiation equality $z_{\rm eq}$ is the same order as $z^{\rm ob}_{\rm eq}=2.4\times10^{4} \Omega_{\rm m}h^2$. Finally, we obtain a general decay rate $\Gamma$ which is suitable for describing all interactions including the interaction between holographic dark energy and cold dark matter.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

TITAN2D Simulations of Pyroclastic Flows from Small Scale Eruption at Mt. Baekdusan

Many eruptions of Mt. Baekdusan volcano have been recorded in the historical literatures, and there were unrest precursors in 2002. Based on the geological survey results, it has been recognized that Mt. Baekdusan’s Plinian eruptions had caused ashfall, followed by the occurrence of pyroclastic flows, which were caused by the collapse of eruption column. Therefore, we simulated the range of the impacts of pyroclastic flows, which were caused by small eruptions from a specific crater. Based on the simulation results, it can be interpreted that, when the pyroclastic flows are caused by the eruption column collapse from an eruption with less than VEI 3, the impacts will range from the outer rim of the caldera to the mountain slope 7 km at the maximum distance. Furthermore, it is interpreted that, when the eruption column occurs by the crater located inside the caldera, most will be deposited inside the caldera and what overflows will be deposited thickly mostly in the north valley, the upper stream region of Erdaobaihe.Published615-6253V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttiviN/A or not JCRrestricte

A genome browser database for rice (Oryza sativa) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)

We have constructed an integrated genome browser database for sequence analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) genomes. The genome browser for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was included to provide the comparative analysis with Chinese cabbage. Thegenome browser of rice provides a variety of alternate views of the data in 12 chromosomes. Constructed from a supercontig using 3,360 BACs, it shows information about individual genes with functional annotation in the whole chromosome. In addition, the rice genome browser provides specificanalysis of the genome by Gene Ontology (GO), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Align, Text, Mart, BLAST and Export data views. In the comparative genome analysis between the Arabidopsis and Chinese cabbage genomes, users can obtain information using comparative genomics methods and identify missing regions within a single genome

Monitoring the growth status variability in Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) with RGB and multi-spectral UAV remote sensing imagery

Traditional ways of monitoring the growth status of crops in the early and middle seasons rely on manual methods involving sampling and laboratory analysis, which are time-consuming and costly. In addition, a diagnostic method based on human eyes has a limitation in identifying invisible symptoms of crops with internal defects. Since UAV remote sensing allows fast and detailed mapping of crop growth due to the ability to obtain high-resolution images flying at low altitudes, an UAV platform is appropriate for collecting the images of onion and garlic vegetables with relatively small leaf areas in the early season. In this study, an experimental plot was prepared growing garlics and onions based on different planting timings and fertilizer rates, and the RGB and Multi-spectral UAV images of the onions and garlics on a spatial resolution of < 1 cm were collected to build relationships between the UAV images and various biophysical parameters of garlic and onion. Two spectral indices, i.e., vegetation fraction and 3D-based height estimation, obtained with a RGB camera were used to estimate the fresh weights of garlic and onion, and the nutritional status of the crops was studied based on NDVIs calculated using multi-spectral imagery obtained with a multi-spectral camera in order to investigate the potential for variable-rate fertilizer application. Image pre-processing techniques and crop segmentation methods for effectively extracting the images of garlic and onion were developed. The multi-linear regression models to estimate the average fresh weights of onions and garlics built based on RGB images showed the coefficients of determination>0.9 and >0.7 for onion and garlic, respectively. However, there was little effect of fertilizer application rates on the NDVIs in the early stage

Marker-Based Structural Displacement Measurement Models with Camera Movement Error Correction Using Image Matching and Anomaly Detection

To prevent collapse accidents at construction sites, the marker-based displacement measurement method was developed. However, it has difficulty in obtaining accurate measurements at long distances (>50 m) in an outdoor environment because of camera movements. To overcome this problem, marker-based structural displacement measurement models using image matching and anomaly detection were designed in this study. Then, the performance of each model in terms of camera movement error correction was verified through comparison with that of a conventional model. The results show that the systematic errors due to camera movements (<1.7°) were corrected. The detection rate of markers with displacement reached 95%, and the probability that the error size would be less than 10 mm was ≥ 95% with a 95% confidence interval at a distance of more than 100 m. Moreover, the normalized mean square error was less than 0.1. The models developed in this study can measure the pure displacement of an object without the systematic errors caused by camera movements. Furthermore, these models can be used to measure the displacements of distant structures using closed-circuit television cameras and markers in an outdoor environment with high accuracy