Pembuatan Sediaan Minyak Gosok dari Bahan Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.), Serai (Cymbopogon Citratus Dc.) dan Daun Dewa (Gynura Segetum L.) dengan Metode Pengendapan Tradisional

Backgroud: Plant is a biodiversity that all around us, whether it was growing wild and cultivated intentionally. Herbs have been used as a medicinal plant, although its use spread by generations. The aim: This research aim to provide the herbs that can be used by the community for the treatment of colds. Method: This research is a descriptive study developed by the community for generations, conducted interviews to the public regarding the efficacy of purecoconut oil (virgin coconut oil) with a mixture of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) and god leaf (Gynura segetum L.) for currycomb. In this reasearchmade preparations ointment of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) which become extract virgin coconut oil with lemongrass and god leaf as currycomb through thedeposition process for four days using water-soluble. Ointments made with the coconut two kilograms of shredded added to water as much as one liter of twotimes juice, in the can of coconut milk as much as 1800 ml and filtered coconut milk, settling for three days to produce virgin coconut oil 200 cc, pure coconut oil (VCO) add lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) of 20 grams and leaves god (Gynura segetum L.) 20 grams chopped settling for one day then filtered andgenerate ointment five bottles with each weight 20 cc. Result: Results showing test organoleptic dosage for three weeks are not changes the shape, color, taste and smell of mold growth. Conclusion: Research is successful prepare an ointment hold for three weeks

Cross-species amplification and polymorphism of microsatellite loci in Asian bovidae

Microsatellite loci are tandem repeats of short DNA sequences (1-5bp). Polymorphism in these loci results from variation in the number of repeat units. Microsatellites are numerous and dispersed among the chromosomes in all eukaryotic genomes. They are now the markers of choice for genome mapping, pedigree analysis and the study of genetic diversity of livestock. Conservation of flanking sequences of microsatellites allows primer sets to be used across related species. For example, 40 percent of microsatellites isolated in cattle Bos taurus amplify polymorphic loci in goat Capra hircus (Kemp et al 1995, Pepin et al. 1995) and 50 percent of cattle microsatellites amplify polymorphic loci in sheep Ovis aries (Moore et al 1994, Kemp et al 1995). It was Reported in cattle, the isolation and characterisation of 97 microsatellites (Kemp et al. 1995). It is Reported here the cross-species amplification of a subset of 52 loci in two species of Asian bovidae: the swamp and river types of water buffalo Bubalis bubalis and the Bali cattle Bos banteng

Outpatient treatment of worsening heart failure with intravenous and subcutaneous diuretics: a systematic review of the literature

Aims: In the coming decade, heart failure (HF) represents a major global healthcare challenge due to an ageing population and rising prevalence combined with scarcity of medical resources and increasing healthcare costs. A transitional care strategy within the period of clinical worsening of HF before hospitalization may offer a solution to prevent hospitalization. The outpatient treatment of worsening HF with intravenous or subcutaneous diuretics as an alternative strategy for hospitalization has been described in the literature. Methods and results: In this systematic review, the available evidence for the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment with intravenous or subcutaneous diuretics of patients with worsening HF is analysed. A search was performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE. Of the 11 included studies 10 were single-centre, using non-randomized, observational registries of treatment with intravenous or subcutaneous diuretics for patients with worsening HF with highly variable selection criteria, baseline characteristics, and treatment design. One study was a randomized study comparing subcutaneous furosemide with intravenous furosemide. In a total of 984 unique individual patients treated in the reviewed studies, only a few adverse events were reported. Re-hospitalization rates for HF at 30 and 180 days were 28 and 46%, respectively. All-cause re-hospitalization rates at 30 and 60 days were 18–37 and 22%, respectively. The highest HF re-hospitalization was 52% in 30 days in the subcutaneous diuretic group and 42% in 30 days in the intravenous diuretic group. Conclusions: The reviewed studies present practice-based results of treatment of patients with worsening HF with intravenous or subcutaneous diuretics in an outpatient HF care unit and report that it is effective by relieving symptoms with a low risk of adverse events. The studies do not provide satisfactory evidence for reduction in rates of re-hospitalization or improvement in mortality or quality of life. The conclusions drawn from these studies are limited by the quality of the individual studies. Prospective randomized studies are needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of outpatient intravenous or subcutaneous diuretic treatment for patient with worsening HF