Electrochemical investigation of palladium complexes with organic sulphides and their use in extraction differential pulse polarography

Dialkyl-, amino-, keto- and ketoaminosulphide complexes of palladium(II) are shown to undergo one- or two-step reduction in a mixed acetonitrile-toluene solvent containing Bu4NClO4 at 0.1 M concentration. The half-wave potentials of the complexes show a certain dependence on the ligand structure, a positive shift of the potentials being caused by an increase in the π-acceptor ability of the ligands. The limiting currents are proportional to the concentration of the complex, according to the Ilkovič equation. Fast-scan differential pulse polarography was applied to the determination of palladium(II) in the organic phase after extraction of its complex with dihexylsulphide. © 1987

Voltammetry of the complexes of the platinum metals with organic sulphides in acetonitrile

The electrochemical behaviour of palladium(II), ruthenium(III), rhodium(III), osmium(IV), iridium(IV) and platinum(IV) complexes with a number of sulphides was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile. Complexes of Ru(III), Os(IV) and Ir(IV) have been found to undergo a reversible one-electron transfer yielding Ru(II), Os(III) and Ir(III) complexes. Electroreduction of the Ru(II) and Ir(III) compounds is of the EC type and is accompanied by the rearrangement of the complex coordination sphere. Compounds of Pd(II), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) are reduced with the transfer of 2 electrons in the first stage. The electrode process differs from a reversible one and is complicated by the dissociation reaction of the ligands. The influence of the nature of the donor atoms on the oxidation potentials of the complexes is considered. © 1988

Применение газоаналитических сенсорных устройств для анализа многокомпонентных жидких сред

Проведено аналіз застосування пристроїв газового аналізу для вимірювання токсичних компонентів у рідинах. Наведено деякі рекомендації щодо підвищення точності вимірювання та вирішено питання виключення впливу заважаючих компонентів.The analysis of sensor controls of the gas analysis is carried out, use of touch devices for measurement of toxic components in liquid environments, in particular in waste water is offered. The optimum sensor controls for work in the given range is chosen. The dependence of influence of interfering components on results of measurements is determined.Проведено анализ сенсоров газового анализа, предложено использование сенсорных устройств для измерения токсичных компонентов в жидких средах, в частности в сточных водах. Выбраны оптимальные сенсоры для работы в заданном диапазоне. Определена зависимость влияния мешающих компонентов на результаты измерений

Large deletions within the first intron in VRN-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat

The broad adaptability of wheat and barley is in part attributable to their flexible growth habit, in that spring forms have recurrently evolved from the ancestral winter growth habit. In diploid wheat and barley growth habit is determined by allelic variation at the VRN-1 and/or VRN-2 loci, whereas in the polyploid wheat species it is determined primarily by allelic variation at VRN-1. Dominant Vrn-A1 alleles for spring growth habit are frequently associated with mutations in the promoter region in diploid wheat and in the A genome of common wheat. However, several dominant Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 (common wheat) and Vrn-H1 (barley) alleles show no polymorphisms in the promoter region relative to their respective recessive alleles. In this study, we sequenced the complete VRN-1 gene from these accessions and found that all of them have large deletions within the first intron, which overlap in a 4-kb region. Furthermore, a 2.8-kb segment within the 4-kb region showed high sequence conservation among the different recessive alleles. PCR markers for these deletions showed that similar deletions were present in all the accessions with known Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 alleles, and in 51 hexaploid spring wheat accessions previously shown to have no polymorphisms in the VRN-A1 promoter region. Twenty-four tetraploid wheat accessions had a similar deletion in VRN-A1 intron 1. We hypothesize that the 2.8-kb conserved region includes regulatory elements important for the vernalization requirement. Epistatic interactions between VRN-H2 and the VRN-H1 allele with the intron 1 deletion suggest that the deleted region may include a recognition site for the flowering repression mediated by the product of the VRN-H2 gene of barley

Electrochemical investigation of palladium complexes with organic sulphides and their use in extraction differential pulse polarography

Dialkyl-, amino-, keto- and ketoaminosulphide complexes of palladium(II) are shown to undergo one- or two-step reduction in a mixed acetonitrile-toluene solvent containing Bu4NClO4 at 0.1 M concentration. The half-wave potentials of the complexes show a certain dependence on the ligand structure, a positive shift of the potentials being caused by an increase in the π-acceptor ability of the ligands. The limiting currents are proportional to the concentration of the complex, according to the Ilkovič equation. Fast-scan differential pulse polarography was applied to the determination of palladium(II) in the organic phase after extraction of its complex with dihexylsulphide. © 1987

Electrochemical investigation of palladium complexes with organic sulphides and their use in extraction differential pulse polarography

Dialkyl-, amino-, keto- and ketoaminosulphide complexes of palladium(II) are shown to undergo one- or two-step reduction in a mixed acetonitrile-toluene solvent containing Bu4NClO4 at 0.1 M concentration. The half-wave potentials of the complexes show a certain dependence on the ligand structure, a positive shift of the potentials being caused by an increase in the π-acceptor ability of the ligands. The limiting currents are proportional to the concentration of the complex, according to the Ilkovič equation. Fast-scan differential pulse polarography was applied to the determination of palladium(II) in the organic phase after extraction of its complex with dihexylsulphide. © 1987

Electrochemical investigation of palladium complexes with organic sulphides and their use in extraction differential pulse polarography

Dialkyl-, amino-, keto- and ketoaminosulphide complexes of palladium(II) are shown to undergo one- or two-step reduction in a mixed acetonitrile-toluene solvent containing Bu4NClO4 at 0.1 M concentration. The half-wave potentials of the complexes show a certain dependence on the ligand structure, a positive shift of the potentials being caused by an increase in the π-acceptor ability of the ligands. The limiting currents are proportional to the concentration of the complex, according to the Ilkovič equation. Fast-scan differential pulse polarography was applied to the determination of palladium(II) in the organic phase after extraction of its complex with dihexylsulphide. © 1987

Voltammetry of the complexes of the platinum metals with organic sulphides in acetonitrile

The electrochemical behaviour of palladium(II), ruthenium(III), rhodium(III), osmium(IV), iridium(IV) and platinum(IV) complexes with a number of sulphides was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile. Complexes of Ru(III), Os(IV) and Ir(IV) have been found to undergo a reversible one-electron transfer yielding Ru(II), Os(III) and Ir(III) complexes. Electroreduction of the Ru(II) and Ir(III) compounds is of the EC type and is accompanied by the rearrangement of the complex coordination sphere. Compounds of Pd(II), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) are reduced with the transfer of 2 electrons in the first stage. The electrode process differs from a reversible one and is complicated by the dissociation reaction of the ligands. The influence of the nature of the donor atoms on the oxidation potentials of the complexes is considered. © 1988

Voltammetry of the complexes of the platinum metals with organic sulphides in acetonitrile

The electrochemical behaviour of palladium(II), ruthenium(III), rhodium(III), osmium(IV), iridium(IV) and platinum(IV) complexes with a number of sulphides was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile. Complexes of Ru(III), Os(IV) and Ir(IV) have been found to undergo a reversible one-electron transfer yielding Ru(II), Os(III) and Ir(III) complexes. Electroreduction of the Ru(II) and Ir(III) compounds is of the EC type and is accompanied by the rearrangement of the complex coordination sphere. Compounds of Pd(II), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) are reduced with the transfer of 2 electrons in the first stage. The electrode process differs from a reversible one and is complicated by the dissociation reaction of the ligands. The influence of the nature of the donor atoms on the oxidation potentials of the complexes is considered. © 1988

Voltammetry of the complexes of the platinum metals with organic sulphides in acetonitrile

The electrochemical behaviour of palladium(II), ruthenium(III), rhodium(III), osmium(IV), iridium(IV) and platinum(IV) complexes with a number of sulphides was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile. Complexes of Ru(III), Os(IV) and Ir(IV) have been found to undergo a reversible one-electron transfer yielding Ru(II), Os(III) and Ir(III) complexes. Electroreduction of the Ru(II) and Ir(III) compounds is of the EC type and is accompanied by the rearrangement of the complex coordination sphere. Compounds of Pd(II), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) are reduced with the transfer of 2 electrons in the first stage. The electrode process differs from a reversible one and is complicated by the dissociation reaction of the ligands. The influence of the nature of the donor atoms on the oxidation potentials of the complexes is considered. © 1988