Exhaled air analysis using wideband wave number tuning range infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

The infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) and the pattern-recognition-based approach for noninvasive express diagnostics of pulmonary diseases on the basis of absorption spectra analysis of the patient’s exhaled air are presented. The study involved lung cancer patients ( N = 9 ), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( N = 12 ), and a control group of healthy, nonsmoking volunteers ( N = 11 ). The analysis of the measured absorption spectra was based at first on reduction of the dimension of the feature space using principal component analysis; thereafter, the dichotomous classification was carried out using the support vector machine. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS) was used as the reference. The estimated mean value of the sensitivity of exhaled air sample analysis by the LPAS in dichotomous classification was not less than 90% and specificity was not less than 69%; the analogous results of analysis by GC–MS were 68% and 60%, respectively. Also, the approach to differential diagnostics based on the set of SVM classifiers usage is presented

Breath air measurement using wide-band frequency tuning IR laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy

The results of measuring of biomarkers in breath air of patients with broncho-pulmonary diseases using wide-band frequency tuning IR laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy and the methods of data mining are presented. We will discuss experimental equipment and various methods of intellectual analysis of the experimental spectra in context of above task

Mechanisms of protection of the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in Russia

The paper explores extrajudicial ways to protect the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in Russia. The study analyzes the forms of selfhelp, arbitral tribunal, resolution of applications and complaints by executive authorities, the notariate, and work with the business ombudsman and civil society institution

Evidence from Identified Particles for Active Quark and Gluon Degrees of Freedom

Measurements of intermediate pT (1.5 < pT < 5.0 GeV/c) identified particle distributions in heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies display striking dependencies on the number of constituent quarks in the corresponding hadron. One finds that elliptic flow at intermediate pT follows a constituent quark scaling law as predicted by models of hadron formation through coalescence. In addition, baryon production is also found to increase with event multiplicity much faster than meson production. The rate of increase is similar for all baryons, and seemingly independent of mass. This indicates that the number of constituent quarks determines the multiplicity dependence of identified hadron production at intermediate pT. We review these measurements and interpret the experimental findings.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, proceedings for SQM2006 conference in Los Angele

Imitation of ultra-sharp light focusing within turbid tissue-like scattering medium by using time-independent Helmholtz equation and method Monte Carlo

Based on time-independent Helmholtz equation and its solution in frame of inhomogeneous approximation a hybrid computational method for imitation of propagation of bounded laser beam focused into biological tissue is introduced. The biological tissue is simulated as a semi-infinite randomly inhomogeneous medium. The developed approach is intended to model laser beams in the super-sharp focusing mode. The results of modeling of laser light focusing into the turbid tissue-like scattering medium with lenses of various shapes are presented

Event Reconstruction in the PHENIX Central Arm Spectrometers

The central arm spectrometers for the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have been designed for the optimization of particle identification in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The spectrometers present a challenging environment for event reconstruction due to a very high track multiplicity in a complicated, focusing, magnetic field. In order to meet this challenge, nine distinct detector types are integrated for charged particle tracking, momentum reconstruction, and particle identification. The techniques which have been developed for the task of event reconstruction are described.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. A. 34 pages, 23 figure

Measurement of the mid-rapidity transverse energy distribution from sNN=130\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC

The first measurement of energy produced transverse to the beam direction at RHIC is presented. The mid-rapidity transverse energy density per participating nucleon rises steadily with the number of participants, closely paralleling the rise in charged-particle density, such that E_T / N_ch remains relatively constant as a function of centrality. The energy density calculated via Bjorken's prescription for the 2% most central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV is at least epsilon_Bj = 4.6 GeV/fm^3 which is a factor of 1.6 larger than found at sqrt(s_NN)=17.2 GeV (Pb+Pb at CERN).Comment: 307 authors, 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRL 4/18/2001; revised version submitted to PRL 5/24/200