25 research outputs found

    Developing human biomonitoring as a 21st century toolbox within the European exposure science strategy 2020-2030

    Get PDF
    Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a crucial approach for exposure assessment, as emphasised in the European Commission's Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). HBM can help to improve chemical policies in five major key areas: (1) assessing internal and aggregate exposure in different target populations; 2) assessing exposure to chemicals across life stages; (3) assessing combined exposure to multiple chemicals (mixtures); (4) bridging regulatory silos on aggregate exposure; and (5) enhancing the effectiveness of risk management measures. In this strategy paper we propose a vision and a strategy for the use of HBM in chemical regulations and public health policy in Europe and beyond. We outline six strategic objectives and a roadmap to further strengthen HBM approaches and increase their implementation in the regulatory risk assessment of chemicals to enhance our understanding of exposure and health impacts, enabling timely and targeted policy interventions and risk management. These strategic objectives are: 1) further development of sampling strategies and sample preparation; 2) further development of chemical-analytical HBM methods; 3) improving harmonisation throughout the HBM research life cycle; 4) further development of quality control / quality assurance throughout the HBM research life cycle; 5) obtain sustained funding and reinforcement by legislation; and 6) extend target-specific communication with scientists, policymakers, citizens and other stakeholders. HBM approaches are essential in risk assessment to address scientific, regulatory and societal challenges. HBM requires full and strong support from the scientific and regulatory domain to reach its full potential in public and occupational health assessment and in regulatory decision-making

    PCB's in building materials in the Netherlands

    No full text
    Het RIVM heeft geïnventariseerd in welke mate Polychloorbifenylen (PCB's) voorkomen in bouwmaterialen in Nederland in panden die nog in gebruik zijn of in aanmerking komen om te worden afgebroken. PCB's zijn schadelijk voor mens en milieu en worden niet of nauwelijks afgebroken. PCB's kunnen uit bouwmaterialen vrijkomen en verhoogde binnenluchtconcentraties veroorzaken. In Europa zijn PCB's van het begin van de jaren vijftig tot in de jaren zeventig toegepast in bouwmaterialen, voornamelijk in kitten, verf, pleister en plafonddelen. De concentraties in deze bouwmaterialen verschilden sterk. Voor Nederland zijn er weinig gegevens gevonden over deze toepassingen en concentraties. De beschikbare gegevens wijzen op gebruik in de utiliteitsbouw (scholen, kantoren, universiteitsbouw) in de jaren vijftig tot en met zeventig. Deze gegevens suggereren ook dat het om een beperkt aantal locaties gaat waar PCB's kunnen vrijkomen, waardoor mogelijk sprake is van verhoogde binnenluchtconcentraties. Uit de literatuur en de saneringspraktijk blijkt dat zowel Duitsland als Zwitserland een saneringsbeleid hebben. Aangeraden wordt om nog verder onderzoek te verrichten naar de beleidsmatige achtergronden van de saneringen en de gezondheidskundige onderbouwing ervan. Op basis van deze bevindingen kunnen de aanwezigheid van PCB's in bouwmaterialen in Nederland en de risico's daarvan beter worden gekarakteriseerd. Indien relevant kan daarmee beleidsontwikkeling worden ondersteund. De inventarisatie is uitgevoerd in opdracht van het ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu (IenM) in verband met het Verdrag van Stockholm over zogeheten persistente organische verbindingen (POPs), waartoe PCB's behoren. Conform het Verdrag is Nederland verplicht om artikelen met een PCB percentage van 0,005 procent (50 milligram per kilo) en hoger te identificeren en zo mogelijk te elimineren.The RIVM has identified the extent to which polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are present in building materials used in the Netherlands to construct buildings that are in use and those scheduled for demolition. PCB's are dangerous industrial chemicals that degrade poorly, if at all, in the environment. They can be released from building materials, possibly leading to increased indoor concentrations. In Europe, from the early 1950s up to the late 1970s PCBs were widely used in certain building materials, such as sealants, paint, plaster and ceiling components. The concentrations of PCB's in these various building materials are known to have differed greatly, and little data relating to their use and concentrations in the Netherlands are available. The limited amount of data that has been found suggests the use of PCB-containing materials in public sector buildings (schools, government offices, university buildings) constructed between the early 1950s and late 1970s. These data also suggest that the number of locations from which PCB's can be released, possibly leading to elevated indoor concentrations, are limited. A survey of the literature and of remediation procedures demonstrates that both Germany and Switzerland have national rehabilitation policies. One recommendation of the RIVM survey is to study the policy-based background of the remediation procedures adopted by these countries in more detail, as well as data from health-based analyses that provide the foundation for these procedures. The findings from such a study will enable a better characterization of the presence and risks of PCB's in building materials in the Netherlands and, if relevant, provide a basis for policy-making. The survey was commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment (I&M) in the context of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POP's), which include PCB's. The Treaty requires the Netherlands to identify and remove, if possible, those products containing 0.005 percent or more PCB (50 milligrams per kilogram).Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milie

    PCBs in bouwmateriaal in Nederland

    No full text
    Het RIVM heeft geïnventariseerd in welke mate Polychloorbifenylen (PCB's) voorkomen in bouwmaterialen in Nederland in panden die nog in gebruik zijn of in aanmerking komen om te worden afgebroken. PCB's zijn schadelijk voor mens en milieu en worden niet of nauwelijks afgebroken. PCB's kunnen uit bouwmaterialen vrijkomen en verhoogde binnenluchtconcentraties veroorzaken. In Europa zijn PCB's van het begin van de jaren vijftig tot in de jaren zeventig toegepast in bouwmaterialen, voornamelijk in kitten, verf, pleister en plafonddelen. De concentraties in deze bouwmaterialen verschilden sterk. Voor Nederland zijn er weinig gegevens gevonden over deze toepassingen en concentraties. De beschikbare gegevens wijzen op gebruik in de utiliteitsbouw (scholen, kantoren, universiteitsbouw) in de jaren vijftig tot en met zeventig. Deze gegevens suggereren ook dat het om een beperkt aantal locaties gaat waar PCB's kunnen vrijkomen, waardoor mogelijk sprake is van verhoogde binnenluchtconcentraties. Uit de literatuur en de saneringspraktijk blijkt dat zowel Duitsland als Zwitserland een saneringsbeleid hebben. Aangeraden wordt om nog verder onderzoek te verrichten naar de beleidsmatige achtergronden van de saneringen en de gezondheidskundige onderbouwing ervan. Op basis van deze bevindingen kunnen de aanwezigheid van PCB's in bouwmaterialen in Nederland en de risico's daarvan beter worden gekarakteriseerd. Indien relevant kan daarmee beleidsontwikkeling worden ondersteund. De inventarisatie is uitgevoerd in opdracht van het ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu (IenM) in verband met het Verdrag van Stockholm over zogeheten persistente organische verbindingen (POPs), waartoe PCB's behoren. Conform het Verdrag is Nederland verplicht om artikelen met een PCB percentage van 0,005 procent (50 milligram per kilo) en hoger te identificeren en zo mogelijk te elimineren

    Exposure based waiving in environmental risk assessment: A tiered approach

    No full text
    Contains fulltext : 91799.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)20 p

    A tiered approach for environmental impact assessment of chemicals and their alternatives within the context of socio-economic analyses

    No full text
    The European Union's REACH regulation has introduced Socio-Economic Analyses as a new decision support tool in the domain of chemical policy-making. This paper presents a pragmatic method to review the replacement of chemicals in processes or products in terms of the environmental impact. The aim of this work is to develop a broadly accepted method for environmental impact assessment as part of Socio-Economic Analyses. The method consists of a stepwise and tiered approach for Environmental Impact Assessment whereby the expected impact of the replacement of chemicals is assessed via Risk Characterization Ratios and toxic pressure quantification (expressed as a Potentially Affection Fraction ofspecies), and e if relevant e via a Persistency, Bioaccumulation potential and Toxicity score. The working of the method is demonstrated by the replacement of chemical substances in detergents, gutters and Expanded Polystyrene. Of the three replacements, for gutters, the reduction of the toxic pressure on the aquatic compartment was highest. Based on 50% effect concentrations the Potentially Affection Fraction of species due to the use of zinc gutters was relatively high (15%), while it was 0.6% after replacement by PVC gutters. This indicates that PVC gutters have a lower direct impact on aquatic biodiversity than zinc gutters. This paper demonstrates that even with limited data the proposed method can be used to move from risk indicators to impact indicators. The tiered approach allows finding the most appropriate level of analysis in a cost and resource efficient way. The method allows comparison of results of different scenarios and as such allows selecting the most preferable alternative from an environmental perspective. This is useful in the context of socio-economic analysis and as such, this method is available as a decision-support tool under REACH and other chemical policy frames such as the United Nations Environment Program.Conservation Biolog

    Communicating risk among all [Introduction]

    No full text
    corecore